• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 1998

The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the effect of estrone on the prevention of implantation and pregnancy and the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone or sodium and potassium in the plasma or uterine fluid of pregnant rats injected a single dose of 0, 0.1, 0.4 or 1.0 mg on days 5, 9, or 13 of pregnancy. The body weight gains of pregnant rats were significantly decreased in administering estrone on day 5 of pregnancyi no effect obtained on days 9 or 13. Numbers of viable fetuses were significantly decreased and pre- and post-implantation loss increased by administering estrone 0.1, 0.4 or 1.0 mg and numbers of implantation sites significantly increased by administering estrone 0.1 mg but significantly decreased or not occurred by 0.4 or 1.0 mg on day 5 of pregnancy, respectively, but no effect obtained on days 9 or 13. Plasma estradiol concentrations of pregnant rats were significantly increased on 1, 2 or 18 days after treatment with estrone (1.4 or 1.0 mg and 3 days after 0.4 mg on day 5 of pregnancy, respectively. But plasma progesterone concentrations had no effect on the treatment with estrone. Plasma sodium contents were significantly increased on 1 day after treatment with estrone 0.1 or 1.0 mg and 3 days after 0.1 mg on day 5 of pregnancy, respectively, except potassium content were no detectable change. Sodium contents in uterine fluid were significantly increased on 1 day after treatment with estrone 1.0 mg and 3 days after 0.1, 0.4 or 1.0 mg on day 5 of pregnancy, respectively. And potassium contents were significantly increased on 1 or 2 days after treatments with estrone 0.1 mg but significantly decreased on 3 days after 0.4 or 1.0 mg on day 5 of pregnancy, respectively. It is suggested that the prevention of implantation and failure of pregnancy could be induced by treatment with estrone 0.4 mg on day 5 of pregnancy and might be interrelated with changes of plasma estradiol concentration and sodium and potassium contents in uterine fluid.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.485-492
• /
• 2018

This study aimed to develop and validate highly sensitive determination method of a prostaglandin ($PGE_1$, OP 1206) in human plasma by LC-MS/MS using column switching. Plasma stored at $-30^{\circ}C$ and treated with methanol effectively inhibited interferences synthesized post-sampling. Samples were added with internal standard and were separated by reversed-phase HPLC with a cycle time of 30min. The method was selective for OP 1206 and the regression models, based on internal standard, were linear across the concentration range 0.5-50 pg/mL with the limit of quantification of 0.5 pg/mL (limit of quantitation, LOQ) for OP 1206. The calibration curve of OP 1206 standards spiked in five individual plasma samples was linear ($r^2=0.9999$). Accuracy and precision at the concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, 5.0 and 40 pg/mL, and at the lower LOQ of 0.5 pg/mL were excellent at 20%. OP120 < 6 was stable in plasma samples for at least 24 hours at room temperature, 24 hours frozen at $-70^{\circ}C$, 24 hours in an auto sampler at $6^{\circ}C$, and for two freeze/unfreezing cycles. The validated determination method successfully quantified the concentrations of OP 1206 in plasma samples from simulated administrating a single $5{\mu}g$ OP 1206 formulation. Thus, this novel LC-MS/MS technique for drug separation, detection and quantitation is expected to become the standard highly-sensitive detection method in bioanalysis and to be applied to many low dose pharmaceutical products.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 1984

The effect of dietary fish oil ( mackerel oil : MO, eel oil : EO) on energy utilization in rats was studied with measurements of various tissue lipoprotein lipase( LPL ) and live and heart mitochondrial respiration. Fatty acid composition of mitrochondrial inner membrane matrix was also investigated. Dietary fat level was 10%( w/w) and reference groups were fed soybean oil (SO), repeseed oil ( RO) and beef tallow( BT ). Activity of LPL was about 60% higher in post-heparin plasma and 2 to 3 times higher in adipose tissue of BT group than fish oil or vegetable oil group. But there was no significant difference between fish oil and vegetable oil groups. Inclusion of EO above 2% (w/w) in dietary fat with fille oil of BT, markedly reduced both post -heparin plasma and adipose tissue LPL. Effects of MO and EO were not different in adipose tissue LPL, but EO was more effective than MO, in reducing post -heparin plasma LPL when mixed fat with varying amount of fish oil was used. Hepatic mitochondria isolated from fish oil-fed group showed the lowest rate of respiration but had P/O ratio comparable to SO and BT groups. On the other hand, cardiac mitochondria of fish oil group showed no difference in all the mitochondrial respiration parameters observed RO group had lowest P/O ratio both in hepatic and cardiac mitochondria. Fatty acid compositions of mitochondrial lipid differ between SO, RO, BT and MO groups, notably in the content of $C_{22:1}$ fatty acid.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2012

The residue levels of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) was studied after oral administration to cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus at $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$. The concentrations of SDM in the plasma and liver were determined by HPLC-UV detector after a single dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight. The average recoveries of SDM in spiked samples between 2~50 ppm were 92.24~93.62% for plasma and 88.34~91.90% for liver. Limit of detection for SDM was 0.05 ppm by using this method. Samples were taken at 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 168 h, 240 h, 336 h and 480 h post-dose. The peak plasma and liver concentrations of SDM, which attained at 1 h post-dose, was $402.64{\pm}59.66{\mu}g/ml$ and $238.18{\pm}54{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Thereafter, it's elimination from both tissues was considerably faster following process of time. Their concentrations of SDM were not measurable at 480 h post-dose. Based on this results, dosage and withdrawal times for SDM could be used when it is prescribed with SDM in olive flounder.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2015

The pharmacokinetic properties and residue levels of amoxicillin (AMOX) were studied after intramuscular injection to cultured olive flounders ($100{\pm}50g$), Paralichthys olivaceus. For pharmacokinetic studies, AMOX of 20 to 80 mg/kg body weight was administered at $17{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ or $22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and AMOX concentrations were determined in plasma, the liver, and the kidney by HPLC-UVD. Plasma samples were assessed at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168 hours post-dose, whereas liver and kidney concentrations were measured at 0.25 to 48 hours post-dose. The kinetic profiles of AMOX were analyzed by fitting to a 2-compartmental model with PKSolver program. The following parameters were obtained for a single dosage of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg of body weight at $22^{\circ}C$ and 20 and 40 mg/kg of body weight at $17^{\circ}C$ in plasma, liver and kidney, respectively: $C_{max}$ (the peak concentration)= $27.23-257.36{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $5.49-41.65{\mu}g/g$, $16.75-129.31{\mu}g/g$; $t_{max}$ (the time for peak concentration)= 0.05-0.91, 1.36-3.28, 1.95-4.49 h. For residue studies, AMOX of 40 and 400mg/kg was administered, and muscle samples were taken at 2, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days post-dose. The residueof AMOX in the muscle were found under the MRLs (maximum residue levels) within 7 days for the two doses.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.10-17
• /
• 2018

POU (point of use) scrubbers were applied for the treatment of waste gases including PFCs (perfluorocompounds) exhausted from the CVD (chemical vapor deposition), etching, and cleaning processes of semiconductor and display manufacturing plant. The GWP (global warming potential) and atmosphere lifetime of PFCs are known to be a few thousands higher than that of $CO_2$, and extremely high temperature more than 3,000 K is required to thermally decompose PFCs. Therefore, POU gas scrubbers based on the thermal plasma technology were developed for the effective control of PFCs and industrial application of the technology. The thermal plasma technology encompasses the generation of powerful plasma via the optimization of the plasma torch, a highly stable power supply, and the matching technique between two components. In addition, the effective mixture of the high temperature plasma and waste gases was also necessary for the highly efficient abatement of PFCs. The purpose of this paper was to provide not only a useful technical information of the post-treatment process for the waste gas scrubbing but also a short perspective on R&D of POU plasma gas scrubbers.

• Carbon letters
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.234-238
• /
• 2009

The field emitters were fabricated by screen-printing of carbon nanotube paste, and their emission stabilities were evaluated. It was found that the emission stability measured in a sealed device is much higher than that measured in a vacuum chamber in spite of similar pressure. This was because oxygen gas was scarcely remained in the sealed device, while the gas is continuously supplied into the vacuum chamber during the stability measurement. It was found that the plasma treatment etched the protruded CNTs, resulting in the uniform height of CNT tips. As a result, the stability was increased remarkably. It was also found that the stability of CNT paste emitter was improved by electrical aging and that the optimum condition for the aging was varied with the size of emitter.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2000

Thermal spray coating process has proven to be effective at producing hard, dense, wear resistance coatings on the relatively mild substrates. Among several spraying techniques, HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) and plasma coating processes, which are preferentially used for the wear resistance application such as capstans, have been applied in this study. The effects of pre-treatment, it-process and post-treatment parameters on the wear and mechanical properties of WC+12%Co, Cr3C2 and Al2O3 powder coatings have been investigated and correlated with the microstructures. The results indicated that the carbide coating was more preferable to the oxide coatings and the post-treatments consisting of vacuum annealing and sealing on carbide coatings led to significant improvements in wear resistance, adhesive strength and coating phase stabilization over the other processing techniques in this application.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.789-794
• /
• 2008

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been widely studied for its practical applications such as transparent conduction electrodes for flat panel displays and solar cells. Especially, ZnO films show good chemical stability against hydrogen plasma, absence of toxicity, abundance in nature, and then suitable for photovoltaic applications. However, the fabrication process of thin film solar cells require a high substrate temperature and/or post heat treatment. Therefore, the layers have to withstand high temperatures, requiring an excellent stability without degrading their electronic and optical properties. In this paper, we investigated the stability of zinc oxide (ZnO) films doped with aluminum and hydrogen. Doped ZnO films were prepared by r.f. magnetron sputter and followed by heat treatment at different temperatures and for various times.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.368-372
• /
• 2015

Objective : The occurrence of acute cerebral infection following deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently being reported with elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) level. The aim of the present study was to establish normal range of the magnitude and time-course of CRP increases following routine DBS procedures in the absence of clinical and laboratory signs of infection. Methods : A retrospective evaluation of serial changes of plasma CRP levels in 46 patients undergoing bilateral, two-staged DBS was performed. Because DBS was performed as a two-staged procedure involving; implantation of lead and internal pulse generator (IPG), CRP was measured preoperatively and postoperatively every 2 days until normalization of CRP (post-lead implantation day 2 and 4, post-IPG implantation day 2, 4, and 6). Results : Compared with preoperative CRP levels ($0.12{\pm}0.17mg/dL$, n=46), mean CRP levels were significantly elevated after lead insertion day 2 and 4 ($1.68{\pm}1.83mg/dL$, n=46 and $0.76{\pm}0.38mg/dL$, n=16, respectively, p<0.001). The mean CRP levels at post-lead implantation day 2 were further elevated at post-IPG implantation day 2 ($3.41{\pm}2.56mg/dL$, n=46, respectively, p<0.01). This elevation in post-IPG day 2 rapidly declined in day 4 ($1.24{\pm}1.29mg/dL$, n=46, p<0.05) and normalized to preoperative value at day 6 ($0.42{\pm}0.33mg/dL$, n=46, p>0.05). Mean CRP levels after IPG implantation were significantly higher in patients whose IPGs were implanted at post-lead day 3 than those at post-lead day 5-6 ($3.99{\pm}2.80mg/dL$, n=30, and $2.31{\pm}1.56mg/dL$, n=16, respectively, p<0.05). However, there was no difference in post-IPG day 2 and 4 between them (p>0.05). Conclusion : The mean postoperative CRP levels were highest on post-IPG insertion day 2 and decreased rapidly, returning to the normal range on post-IPG implantation day 6. The duration of post-lead implantation period influenced the magnitude of CRP elevation at post-IPG insertion day 2. Information about the normal response of CRP following DBS could help to avoid unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic efforts.