• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.572-580
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• 2013

이 사례연구에서는 스위스 바젤에서 진행되었던 인공지열발전(EGS) 프로젝트인 Deep Heat Mining Basel(DHMB)의 미소진동 관리시스템을 살펴보았다. 인공지열발전 프로젝트에 꼭 필요한 인공지열저류층 생성을 위한 수리자극으로 인해 발생하는 유도진동은 안전관리시스템을 수립하여 수리자극의 압력과 유량을 관리하여야 한다. DHMB프로젝트에서는 수리자극 기간 동안 지속적인 관측활동을 통해 미소진동 발생 진도에 따라 단계별로 대응하는 경보시스템과 커뮤니케이션 대응 절차가 사전에 수립되어 관리되었다. 그러나 수리자극을 위한 주입 완료 후에도 지열저류층에서 발생한 주입이후 진동현상으로 인해 예상보다 큰 지진이 발생하자 프로젝트가 중단되었다. 사후분석 결과 실시간 경보시스템은 주입이후 진동 현상을 감안한 새로운 미소진동 안전관리시스템을 수립하는 것이 필요하다고 확인되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

Background : The surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar can result in considerable pain, swelling, and dysfunction that patient are incapable of work for several days. Factors contributing to post operative swelling, trismus and pain are complex. There is no question but that the procedure of surgically removing an impacted mandibular third molar is inherently a traumatic one and that some sequelae related to the inflammation response are expected. Meticulous surgical technique will minimize the sequelae of inflammation but will not prevent them. In an effort to minimize these sequelae the use of steroid was instituted. Patients and Methods : Present study was to investigate the effect of one preoperative steroid injection in the masseter muscle to the patients(male 9, female 11) who needed prophylactic removal of bilateral, symmetrical, impacted wisdom teeth in the mandible on the complaint like swelling, trismus and pain. through Double-Blind test. Results : 1. After 24 hours investigation, preoperative steroid injection had significantly reduced swelling with 39% and trismus with 57.5%. 2. $7^{th}$ post operative day investigation, reduced swelling and trismus had shown, however, not significant. 3. There wasn't major difference from the group who took preve-ntive steroid in the visual analogue scale, the first analgesic intake time and the pain period. 4. There wasn't any adverse reaction of steroid for 20 patient From the above result, If the patients are not contraindication to steroid and pronounced post operative reaction can be expected the use of steroid to the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is recommended.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of single-dose corticosteroid injection (CSI) administered at 6 weeks postoperative to treat stiffness following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Methods: In this prospective, multicentric, case-control study, post-ARCR stiffness at 6 weeks was treated with either a single dose of intra-articular CSI (CSI group) or physical therapy with oral analgesics (non-CSI group). Pain intensity according to visual analog scale (VAS), functional outcome using the Constant Murley Shoulder Score, time to return to activities of daily living (ADLs), and retear rate were recorded at 6 weeks, 9 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months postoperatively in both groups. Results: A total of 149 patients (54.5%) in the CSI group and 124 patients (45.5%) in the non-CSI group were included in this study. Pain and function were significantly better in the CSI group at 9-week, 12-week, and 6-month (P<0.001) follow-up, whereas they were not significantly different when the groups were compared at 12- and 18-month follow-up. The mean duration to return to ADLs was significantly shorter (P<0.001) in the CSI group. The incidence of retears was not significantly different (P=0.36) between groups at the end of 18 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Single-dose intra-articular CSI administered at 6 weeks postoperative to treat post-ARCR stiffness significantly improved pain, function, and duration of return to ADLs without increasing the risk of retears compared to patients who did not receive intra-articular CSI. Level of evidence: III.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.654-659
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• 2009

Purpose: A botulinum toxin type A (BoNT - A) injection has been used as a noninvasive management for lower face contouring since 2000. The aim of this study was to compare reduction rate of lower face width for a longtime according to repeated Botox$^{(R)}$ injections on masseter muscles for lower face contouring procedure. Methods: Forty - five patients were analyzed for single session of Botox$^{(R)}$ injection and 13 patients were evaluated for repeated Botox$^{(R)}$ injections for over two years. Single injection group was tracked regular intervals at 1, 3, 6, 10, 12 months after injection, and repeated injection group was measured at every injection time. Twenty - five to thirty units of Botox$^{(R)}$ was injected into each masseteric muscle at five to six points at the prominent portions of the mandibular angle. Standardized frontal view of digital photographs were analyzed by Adobe Photoshop$^{(R)}$ (version CS3) to measure an reduction rate of lower face width. Results: Reduction rate was 3.7%, 6.9%, 6.2%, 4%, 4% at 1, 3, 6, 10, 12 months post injection each other in single injection group. However, more than 8% reduction rate was found in repeated injection group persistently for more than two years. Conclusion: This study shows that effective duration of Botox$^{(R)}$ injection for lower face contouring is expected to continue over one year clinically. Moreover, repeated injections maintained lower reduction rate consistently for a long time. Therefore, repeated injections on masseter muscles at regular intervals are most effective procedure for lower face contouring.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.229-238
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• 1997

Chromosome condensation and swelling of the donor nucleus have been known as the early morphological indicators of chromatin remodelling after injection of a foreign nucleus into an enucleated recipient cytoplasm. The effects of non-preactivation and electrical preactivation of recipient cytoplasm, prior to fusing a donor nucleus, on the profile of nuclear remodelling in the nuclear transplant rabbit embryos were evaluated. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected and synchronized to G1 phase of 32-cell stage. The recipient cytoplasms were obtained by removing the first polar body and chromosome mass by non-disruptive microsurgical procedure. The separated G1 phase blastomeres of 32-cell stage were injected into non-preactivated recipient cytoplasms. Otherwise, the enucleated recipient cytoplasms were preactivated by electrical stimulation and the separated G1 phase blastomeres of 32-cell stage were injected. After culture until 20h post-hCG injection, the nuclear transplant oocytes were electrofused by electrical stimulation. The nuclei of nuclear transplant embryos fused into non-preactivated and/or preactivated recipient cytoplasm were stained by Hoechst 33342 at 0, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 hrs post-fusion and were observed under an fluorescence microscopy. Accurate measurements of nuclear diameter were revealed with an ocular micrometer at 200$\times$. Upon blastomere fusion into non-preactivated recipient cytoplasm, a prematurely chromosome condensation at 1.5 hrs post-fusion and nuclear swelling at 8 hrs post-fusion were occurred as 91.6% and 86.1%, respectively. But the nuclei of nuclear transplant embryos fused into preactivated recipient cytoplasm, as o, pp.sed to non-preactivated recipient cytoplasm, were not occurred chromosome condensation and extensive nuclear swelling. Nuclear diameter fused into non-preactivated and preactivated recipient cytoplasm at hrs post-fusion was 30.2$\pm$0.74 and 15.2$\pm$1.32${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively. These results indicated that onset of unclear condensation and swelling which was associated with oocytes activation were critical steps in the process of chromatin swelling. Futhermore, complete reprogramming seemed only possible after remodelling of the donor nucleus by chromosome condensation and nuclear swelling.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and analgesic effects of Datura Flos pharmacopuncture (DFP). Methods: The analgesic effects of DFP were assessed using mechanical (hot plate), chemical (formalin test), and thermal (von Frey filament test) pain tests. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned randomly into DFP (75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg), lidocaine 0.5%, or normal saline group for treatment on Kl3. Gross pathology, histopathology, biochemistry and hematology were performed. Results: In the hot plate test, DFP at a high dose (HDDFP; 150 mg/kg) produced a significant analgesic effect, at 10 and 20-minutes post injection (p < 0.01). Low dose DFP (LDDFP; 75 mg/kg) also showed an analgesic effect at 10 minutes post injection (p < 0.01). In the formalin test, HDDFP produced an analgesic effect, for 0-10 and 10-20 minutes (p < 0.01) post treatment, whereas LDDFP showed analgesic effects between 10-20 minutes (p < 0.05). In the von Frey filament test, DF-H produced an analgesic effect, 10 (p < 0.01) and 20 minutes post treatment (p < 0.05). LDDFP showed analgesic effect at 10 minutes (p < 0.05). In the acupuncture response test, HDDFP produced an analgesic effect at 10 minutes post treatment (p < 0.05). DF-H did not cause any anatomical changes to the liver or kidney and there were no abnormalities in biochemistry or hematology. Conclusion: DF-H was not toxic and provided short term analgesia, suggesting it may be useful in the management of pain.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1119-1124
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• 2008

본 연구는 성형해석 및 실험적 방법을 통하여 페트 용기의 두께 편차를 최소화하기 위한 프리폼 최적화 설계를 수행하였다. 사출성형과정을 정확하게 묘사하기 인하여 3차원 모델을 이용하여 충진, 보압 및 냉각해석을 통하여 최적의 프리폼 설계변수를 설정하였으며, 이 결과를 이용하여 블로우 성형해석을 수행하였다. 성형해석결과를 평가하기 위한 사출성형 및 블로우 성형 실험을 수행하였으며, 실험결과와 해석결과는 정성적으로 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 실험결과 데이타를 설계에 반영함으로서 최적의 프리폼 형상을 얻을 수가 있었다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

Injection molding simulation provided optimized design results by analyzing quality problems while the product is in assembly or in the process of manufacturing with make automobile plastics. Frequent change of design, change of injection molding, repetition of test injection which was held in the old way can now be stopped. And quality upgrade is expected instead. This report deals with the effect which the position of injection molding automobile console gate and number has on product quality including pressure at end of fill, bulk temperature at end of fill, shear stress of end of fill, residual stress at post filling end, product weld lines and warpage results. Simpoe-Mold simulates the complete manufacturing process of plastic injected parts, from filling to warpage. Simpoe-Mold users, whether they are product designers, mold makers or part manufacturers, can identify early into the design stage potential manufacturing problems, study alternative solutions and directly assess the impact of such part modification, whatever the complexity and geometry of such parts, shell part as plain solid parts.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2005

휴대전화와 PDA 등에서 수행되는 플래시 메모리 소프트웨어는 돌발적인 전원 중단이나 기록매체 폴트에 대처하기 위하여 충분히 테스트되어야 한다 이러한 테스트를 위하여, 폴트 삽입 기능을 가지는 플래시 메모리 에뮬레이터를 설계하고 구현하였다. 폴트 삽입을 통한 테스트 기법은 FTL(Flash Translation Layer)과 플래시 메모리 기반 파일 시스템의 폴트 회복 기법을 설계하고 폴트로 인한 피해를 분석하는데 유용한 도구로 사용되었다. 본 논문에서는 플래시 메모리에서 관찰되는 폴트의 유형과 플래시 메모리 에뮬레이터에서 구현된 폴트 삽입 기능에 대해 설명한다. 그리고 폴트 삽입 테스트 과정에서 밝혀진 디자인 결함에 대하여 설명한다. 특히 신뢰성을 향상하기 위하여 도입된 기능이 신뢰성을 향상하기 보다 피해를 유발하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로 FTL과 파일 시스템의 "폴트 후 동작"에 대해 설명한다

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of banhasasim-tang intravenous herbal acupuncture (BST-IVHA) on emesis induced by chemotherapy in rats. Methods: This study used methotrexate(MTX)-induced Rat-Pica model. The rats were randomly allocated into seven groups; normal group, two saline groups, four Banhasasim-tang(BST) groups (groups treated with BST-IVHA). All the experimental animals except those in the normal group were injected with MTX. Those in the pre-treatment groups were treated with saline injection (saline group) or BST-IVHA (BST group) before MTX injection. Those in the post-treatment groups were treated with saline injection or BST-IVHA after MTX injection. Two different dosages of BST-IVHA solution (low dose; BST-1 group, high dose; BST-2 group) were used. The changes in body weight, food intake, and kaolin consumption at 24h, 48h, and 60h were monitored and analyzed. Results: 1. No significant change was found in body weight. 2. The food intake at 48h was increased significantly in the BST-1 pre-treatment group($19.89{\pm}0.01g$) compared to the pre-saline group($18.68{\pm}0.26g$). 3. The kaolin consumption was significantly decreased in the BST-1 pre-treatment group at 24h($0.24{\pm}0.02g$) and 60h($0.36{\pm}0.14g$), in the BST-2 pre-treatment group at 48h($0.02{\pm}0.01g$) and 60h($0.80{\pm}0.31g$) compared to the pre-saline group($24h:0.81{\pm}0.37g$, $48h:0.76{\pm}0.43g$, $60h:1.56{\pm}0.03g$). The kaolin consumption was also significantly decreased in the in the BST-1 post-treatment group at 24h($0.05{\pm}0.02g$), 48h($0.64{\pm}0.06g$) and 60h($0.14{\pm}0.05g$), in the BST-2 post-treatment group at 48h($0.01{\pm}0.01g$) and 60h($0.01{\pm}0.01g$) compared to the post-saline group($24h:0.51{\pm}0.4g$, $48h:3.58{\pm}0.33g$, $60h:2.5{\pm}0.2g$). Conclusions: BST-IVHA showed an anti-emetic effect in MTX-induced rat-pica model. This result suggests that BST-IVHA could be an effective treatment for chemotherapy-induced emesis.