• 간호행정학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.432-439
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine nursing workload associated with patient and anesthetic factors in the post-anesthesia care unit(PACU). Method: The data used in this study were collected from February 26th, 2008 to May 16th, 2008. The subjects were 828patients and collected data were analyzed by using SPSS program. Results: It was found that there were statistical differences in gender, age, past history, type of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia, type of surgery. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 25 for below 17 years, and 27.5 for above 61 years. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 27 for general anesthesia, and 16 for regional anesthesia. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 29 for orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery, and 23 for ophthalmology. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 24.6 for below 1hour in duration of anesthesia, and 27.5 for above 2hours in duration of anesthesia. Conclusion: This study was carried out to examine nursing workload in the PACU. The results from this study will be help to improve nursing in PACU through efficient distribution of nursing workload in PACU.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.612-621
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• 2005

Purpose: This study aims at confirming the effects of the chest meridian massage on the post-anesthetic recovery of general anesthesia appendectomy patients. Method: The research was post-test designed as a nonequivalent control group among quasi-experiments tested. The data was collected from June 20, 2003 to October 14, 2003 at a hospital in P city. In the collected data, using SPSS Win 10.0 program, these general features were analyzed by real numbers and percentages; the homogeneity among variables by $X^2-test$ and t-test and the research hypothesis by the t-test. Result: Hypothesis 1; The experimental group receiving the treatment of the chest meridian massage will have a much higher post-anesthetic recovery score than that of the control group not receiving it was supported(t=2.544, p=.014). Hypothesis 2; The experimental group receiving the treatment of the chest meridian massage will have a much shorter time of stay in the recovery room than that of the control group not receiving it was supported(t=-4.919, p=.000). Conclusion: According to these results, it may be concluded that Chest Meridian Massage is effective in producing a higher level of post-anesthetic recovery score and helps appendectomy patients reduce the time of stay in the recovery room. Therefore the chest meridian massage can be considered as an intervention therapy for directly nursing general anesthesia appendectomy patients.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed at applying a standardized nursing process to adult surgery patients of post anesthetic care unit, and examining the validity of linkages in the measuring index of nursing outcome by which nursing outcome was applied. Method: The subjects were 184 surgery adult patients admitted at the post anesthetic care unit of Y university hospital. This study was used the measured tool developed by Choi et al.(2004) and by Lee (2004) who had already verified a validity based on Johnson and Bulechek's study(2001). Results: The nursing diagnosis of an acute pain, an urinary retention, a nausea, a decreased cardiac output, an ineffective airway clearance and an ineffective airway clearance were used in taking care for patients. The related factors according to the main nursing diagnosis were as the following: an injurious physical factor in an acute pain, reflex are inhibition in an urinary retention, post surgical anesthesia in a nausea, stroke volume change in a decreased cardiac output, secretory stasis in an ineffective airway clearance, pain in an ineffective breathing pattern. Conclusion: The study results could be facilitated in nursing process application for nurses at post anesthetic care unit. Also this study would provide basic data to develop a computerized program for the improvement of nursing process application.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.666-677
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the needs which were perceived by patients who were received spinal anesthesia for surgery. The subjects consisted of 50 adult patients who were admitted to 2 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals in Pusan city and 1 general hospital in Koje City for surgery under spinal anesthesia. Thirty eight percent of subjects received information about anesthesia before the operation. The instrument for this study was developed by the researcher based on literature and a pretest. Data were collected from December 10, 1999 to February 10, 2000 and were analyzed by content analysis. The results were that there were 533 meaningful statements in the needs of spinal anesthesia patients. The needs of spinal anesthesia patients had 51 items (preoperation (6), induction of anesthesia(5), intraoperation (27), postoperation(13)) and 6 categories (information, emotional welfare, physical welfare, post anesthetic management, control of physical environment, humane treatment). From the results, it can be concluded that: 1. In the pre-operation period, we have to explain anesthesia procedures, adequate position of anesthesia, duration before anesthesia wears off and sensation of paralysis. We have to supply emotional support to relieve anxiety because of anesthesia. 2. In induction of anesthesia, we have to support patient's position for anesthesia, and relieve anxiety so that patients participate in induction of anesthesia well. 3. In intra-operative period, we have to check the level of anesthesia, and keep up a comfortable position for operation and care for physical discomfort such as thirst, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea and to maintain body temperature of the patient. Since the patient is conscious, we have to communicate with the patient to relieve anxiety, maintain privacy, inform the patient of the process of the operation and encourage the surgeon to explain the outcome of the operation. The operating team needs the careful about what they say and to place the instrument well. We have to ventilate the room air and reduce noise. 4. In the post-operative period, we have to explain the purpose and duration of bed rest, complications of anesthesia and care for physical discomfort such as pain, dysuria, headache, backache. Also we have to maintain body temperature of the patient and maintain privacy.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2015

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of family presence in the PACU (Post Anesthesia Care Unit) on anxiety, emergency delirium, pain and length of stay in the recovery room for elderly patients undergoing surgery for which general anesthesia has been used. Methods: The study was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Eighty elderly patients over 65 years who underwent surgery under general anesthesia were recruited. Forty were assigned to the experiment group, patients together with a family member and 40 to the control group, with no family member present. Patients' anxiety, emergency delirium, pain and length of time in the recovery room were evaluated at 10 minute and 30 minute after arrival in the PACU. Results: Patients with family members in the PACU showed significantly decreased levels of anxiety at 10 and 30 minutes and significantly lower levels of emergency delirium and pain at 30 minutes. However there was no difference between the 2 groups for length of time in the recovery room. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that being with family members in the PACU after surgery under general anesthesia is effective for reducing elderly patients' anxiety, delirium and pain during time in the recovery room.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2006

Purpose: This research was conducted to evaluate, analyze, and determine the limitation of the anesthesia that is used in there covery room in order to provide the foundation for developing the effectiveness of it. Method: There covery records of this study were collected from 41 hospitals in Seoul, Kyung Kii-Do, and Inchon province. The post anesthetic recovery records consisted of the evaluation of type, evaluative items, frequency, time, score and $SaO_2$. These records were collected from September to December of 2005. Results: The most commonly used post anesthetic evaluation tool was Alderete Score, which was used in 73% of hospitals. The second was Aldrete Score with $SaO_2$(17%). Also, 5% of the hospitals used the modified AS form. There were 2.5% of the hospitals applying the adult and child in the evaluation separately. Also, the last 2.5% of the hospitals did not use AS but measured BP, pulse, respiration, temperature, and $SaO_2$ with observing nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, backache, laryngitis, shock, and neurologic assessment. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a post-anesthetic recovery evaluation tool including the application of $SaO_2$, so that the early-diagnosis of hypoxia can be possible. In addition, it is necessary to develop a post- anesthetic recovery evaluating method that can distinguish a difference between adults and children.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze differences in effects of postoperative daily activity on headaches in patients who underwent surgery under spinal anesthesia. Methods: The study was conducted with 219 adults, 20 years or older. Official approval (Approval number: KMC IRB 1434-01) was received from K university hospital clinical trials review board. The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design with a daily activities group and the bed rest group. Data was collected after receiving written consent from the participants. Results: There were no participants in either group who experienced headaches. Changes in a physiological index were also not significantly different between the daily activities group and the bed rest group. Conclusion: The results indicate that allowing daily activities in the ward, rather than maintaining bed rest for 6 hours, the existing method of nursing care for the prevention of postoperative headaches, in spinal anesthesia patients, is not detrimental to these patients post operatively.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2015

Purpose: This study attempted to test whether there are differences in the level and hemodynamic side effects (blood pressure, heart rate, $O_2$ saturation), and nausea & vomiting of spinal anesthesia using hyperbaric bupivacaine according to position (supine, lateral, and prone positions) in orthopedic surgery patients who received podiatric surgery under spinal anesthesia. Methods: This study was conducted with 53 patients who had received orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia at I General Hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 through repeated-measures ANOVA, post-hoc test, Chi-test, and Fisher's exact test. Results: The change of position after spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine caused a change in the level of spinal anesthesia (F=12.768, p<.001). However, no difference of blood pressure, heart rate, $O_2$ saturation and nausea and vomiting caused by the change in anesthesia level was observed, and in prone position, drug was administered for the correction of side effects. Conclusion: As expected, recognizing that there can be a change in the level of spinal anesthesia after the change of position in surgical patients, nurse anesthetists should monitor their conditions carefully and continuously.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2017

본 연구는 노인 전신마취 환자의 회복실 체류시간에 영향을 미치는 융합적 요인들을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 경기도 소재 C대학병원에서 2014년 1월 1일부터 2014년 12월 31일까지 전신마취하에 수술을 받고 회복실에 입실하였던 환자 중 65세 이상인 환자 300명을 대상으로 후향적으로 자료 수집을 하였다. 회복실 체류시간은 평균 48.4분으로 나타났으며, 회복실 체류시간 30-59분이 58.0%로 가장 많았다. 수술중 요인에 따른 회복실 체류시간 정도는 근이완제, 수혈, 동맥혈가스 검사, 체온 그리고 총 마취시간에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 수술후 요인에 따른 회복실 체류시간 정도는 합병증, 자가 통증 조절기, 순환기계 약물사용에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 회복실 체류시간에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위해 다중 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 수술 후 '순환기계 약물사용', '수술 중 저체온'이 회복실 체류시간에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었고 설명력은 13%로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 회복실 체류시간 관련요인들을 모니터링하고 신속하게 처치하여 교정하는 것이 노인 전신마취 환자의 회복실 체류시간의 단축에 기여할 것으로 사려된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.456-466
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the effects of pre-warming on core body temperature (CBT) and hemodynamics from the induction of spinal anesthesia until 30 min postoperatively in surgical patients who undergo total hip replacement under spinal anesthesia. Our goal was to assess postoperative shivering and inflammatory response. Methods: Sixty-two surgical patients were recruited by informed notice. Data for this study were collected at a 1,300-bed university hospital in Incheon, South Korea from January 15 through November 15, 2013. Data on CBT, systemic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate were measured from arrival in the pre-anesthesia room to 3 hours after the induction of spinal anesthesia. Shivering was measured for 30 minutes post-operatively. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured pre-operatively, and 1 and 2 days postoperatively. The 62 patients were randomly allocated to an experimental group (EG), which underwent pre-warming for 30 minutes, or a control group (CG), which did not undergo pre-warming. Results: Analysis of CBT from induction of spinal anesthesia to 3 hours after induction revealed significant interaction between group and time (F=3.85, p=.008). In addition, the incidence of shivering in the EG was lower than that in the CG ($x^2=6.15$, p=.013). However, analyses of SBP, heart rate, CRP, and ESR did not reveal significant interaction between time and group. Conclusion: Pre-warming for 30 minutes is effective in increasing CBT 2 and 3 hours after induction of spinal anesthesia. In addition, pre-warming is effective in decreasing post-operative shivering.