• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
• /
• 제35권12호
• /
• pp.2480-2486
• /
• 2018

Mesoporous $TiO_2$ microspheres were prepared by spray pyrolysis for photocatalysis. Post modification of $TiO_2$ by heat treatment was performed to optimize its photocatalytic performance. First, spherical $TiO_2$ particles with mesoporous structure were synthesized at pyrolysis temperatures of 500, 600, and $700^{\circ}C$. After characterization by XRD, SEM, and $N_2$ adsorption, a sample prepared at $500^{\circ}C$ was found to possess desirable properties for photocatalytic performance through post-modification. In methylene blue degradation, mesoporous $TiO_2$ microspheres synthesized at $500^{\circ}C$ outperformed other microspheres. Furthermore, samples obtained by spray pyrolysis at $500^{\circ}C$ were calcined at various temperatures as a post-modification process. The sample calcined at $350^{\circ}C$ showed improved photocatalytic activity due to optimal anatase crystallinity and surface area.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2019

The small ubiquitin-related modification molecule (SUMO), one of the post-translational modification molecules, is involved in a variety of cellular functions where it regulates protein activity and stability, transcription, and cell cycling. Modulation of protein SUMOylation or deSUMOylation modification has been associated with regulation of carcinogenesis in breast cancer. In the dynamic processes of SUMOylation and deSUMOylation in a variety of cancers, SUMO proteases (SENPs), reverse SUMOylation by isopeptidase activity and SENPs are mostly elevated, and are related to poor patient prognosis. Although underlying mechanisms have been suggested for how SENPs participate in breast cancer tumorigenesis, such as through regulation of target protein transactivation, cancer cell survival, cell cycle, or other post-translational modification-related machinery recruitment, the effect of SENP isoform-specific inhibitors on the progression of breast cancer have not been well evaluated. This review will introduce the functions of SENP1 and SENP2 and the underlying signaling pathways in breast cancer for use in discovery of new biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets for treatment.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2005

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a key molecule to decode the genetic information on mRNA to amino aicds (protein), in a ribosome. For tRNA to fulfill its adopter function, tRNA should be processed into the standard length, and be post-transcriptionally modified. This modification step is essential for the tRNA to maintain the canonical L-shaped structure, which is required for the decoding function of tRNA. Otherwise, it has recently been proposed that modification procedure itself contributes to the RNA (re)folding, where the modification enzymes function as a kind of RNA chaperones. Recent genome analyses and post-genome (proteomics and transcriptomics) analyses have identified genes involved in the tRNA processings and modifications. Furthermore, post-genomic structural analysis has elucidated the structural basis for the tRNA maturation mechanism. In this paper, the recent progress of the structural biology of the tRNA processing and modification is reviewed.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2021

Post-transcriptional regulation is an indispensable cellular mechanism of gene expression control that dictates various cellular functions and cell fate decisions. Recently, various chemical RNA modifications, termed the "epitranscriptome," have been proposed to play crucial roles in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression. To date, more than 170 RNA modifications have been identified in almost all types of RNA. As with DNA modification-mediated control of gene expression, regulation of gene expression via RNA modification is also accomplished by three groups of proteins: writers, readers, and erasers. Several emerging studies have revealed that dysregulation in RNA modification is closely associated with tumorigenesis. Notably, the molecular outcomes of specific RNA modifications often have opposite cellular consequences. In this review, we highlight the current progress in the elucidation of the mechanisms of cancer development due to chemical modifications of various RNA species.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2013

Toxicoproteomics integrates the proteomic knowledge into toxicology by enabling protein quantification in biofluids and tissues, thus taking toxicological research to the next level. Post-translational modification (PTM) alters the three-dimensional (3D) structure of proteins by covalently binding small molecules to them and therefore represents a major protein function diversification mechanism. Because of the crucial roles PTM plays in biological systems, the identification of novel PTMs and study of the role of PTMs are gaining much attention in proteomics research. Of the 300 known PTMs, protein acylation, including lysine formylation, acetylation, propionylation, butyrylation, malonylation, succinylation, and crotonylation, regulates the crucial functions of many eukaryotic proteins involved in cellular metabolism, cell cycle, aging, growth, angiogenesis, and cancer. Here, I reviewed recent studies regarding novel types of lysine acylation, their biological functions, and their applicationsin toxicoproteomics research.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 2022

Fast-paced industrial and agricultural development generates large quantities of hazardous heavy metals (HMs), which are extremely damaging to individuals and the environment. Research in both academia and industry has been spurred by the need for HMs to be removed from water bodies. Advanced materials are being developed to replace existing water purification technologies or to introduce cutting-edge solutions that solve challenges such as cost efficacy, easy production, diverse metal removal, and regenerability. Water treatment industries are increasingly interested in activated carbon because of its high adsorption capacity for HMs adsorption. Furthermore, because of its huge surface area, abundant functional groups on surface, and optimal pore diameter, the modified activated carbon has the potential to be used as an efficient adsorbent. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a novel organic-inorganic hybrid porous materials, sparked an interest in the elimination of HMs via adsorption. This is due to the their highly porous nature, large surface area, abundance of exposed adsorptive sites, and post-synthetic modification (PSM) ability. This review introduces PSM methods for MOFs, chemical modification of activated carbons (ACs), and current advancements in the elimination of Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Cd²⁺ ions from water using modified MOFs and ACs via adsorption.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2017

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play substantial roles in the gene regulation of cell physiological functions and in the generation of major diseases. However, the majority of existing studies only explored a certain PTM of proteins, while very few have investigated the PTMs of two or more domains and the effects of their interactions. In this study, after collecting data regarding a large number of breast cancer-related and validated PTMs, a sequence and domain analysis of breast cancer proteins was carried out using bioinformatics methods. Then, protein-protein interaction network-related tools were applied in order to determine the crosstalks between the PTMs of the proteins. Finally, statistical and functional analyses were conducted to identify more modification sites of domains and proteins that may interact with at least two or more PTMs. In addition to exploring the associations between the interactive effects of PTMs, the present study also provides important information that would allow biologists to further explore the regulatory pathways of biological functions and related diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 2002

In order to investigate the function of Soo1p/${\alpha}$-COP during post-translational modification and intra-cellular transport of cell wall proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cell wall proteins from the soo1-1/ret1-1 mutant cells were analyzed. SDS-PAGE analysis of biotin labeled cell wall proteins suggested that the soo1-1 mutation impairs post-translational modification of cell wall proteins, such as N- and/ or Ο-glycosylation. Analysis of cell wall proteins with antibodies against ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan and ${\beta}$-1,6-glucan revealed alteration of the linkage between cell wall proteins and ${\beta}$-glucans in the soo1-1 mutant cells. Compositional sugar analysis of the cell wall proteins also suggested that the soo1-1 mutation impairs glycosylation of cell wall protein in the ER, which is crucial for the maintenance of cell wall integrity.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2008

One of the interesting trends in genome research is the study about epigenetic modification above single gene level. Epigenetics refers study about heritable change in the genome, which accompany modification in DNA or Chromatin besides DNA sequence alteration. We used to have the idea that the coding potential of the genome lies within the arrangement of the four bases A, T, G, C; However, additional information that affects phenotype is stored in the distribution of the modified base 5-methylcytosine. This form of information storage is flexible enough to be adapted for different somatic cell types, yet is stable enough to be retained during mitosis and/or meiosis. Epigenetic modification is a modification of the genome, as opposed to being part of the genome, so is known as "epigenetics"(Greek for "upon" genetics). This modification could be methylation on Cytosine base or post translational modification on histone protein(methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, Sumoylation)($Dimitrijevi\hat{E}$ et al 2005). In this review, we would like to focus on the relationship of DNA methylation and cancer.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제52권12호
• /
• pp.728-728
• /
• 2019