• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to assess the changing patterns and relative values of acute phase proteins and inflammatory cytokines in experimental caprine coccidiosis. Eighteen newborn kids were allocated to 3 equal groups. Two groups, A and B, were inoculated with a single dose of $1{\times}10^3$ and$1{\times}10^5$sporulated oocysts of Eimeria arloingi, respectively. The third group, C, received distilled water as the control. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each kid in both groups before inoculation and at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 post-inoculation (PI), and the levels of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$ were measured. For histopathological examinations, 2 kids were selected from each group, euthanized, and necropsied on day 42 PI. Mean Hp concentrations in groups A and B (0.34 and 0.68 g/L) at day 7 PI were 3.2 and 6.3 times higher than the levels before inoculation. The mean SAA concentrations in groups A and B (25.6 and 83.5 ${\mu}g$/ml) at day 7 PI were 4.2 and 13.7 times higher than the levels before inoculation. The magnitude and duration of the Hp and SAA responses correlated well with the inoculation doses and the severity of the clinical signs and diarrhea in kids. These results were consistent with the histopathological features, which showed advanced widespread lesions in group B. In both groups, significant correlations were observed for TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$ with SAA and Hp, respectively. In conclusion, Hp and SAA can be useful non-specific diagnostic indicators in caprine coccidiosis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1990

To investigate the etiology, pathogenicity and virological properties of NYJ-1-87 strain of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) that was isolated from the diseased piglet in Korea, the virus at $10^{6.0}TCID_{50}/0.1ml$ was inoculated intranasally and subcutaneously into 30 to 35 days-old piglets. Results obtained through the experiments were summarized as follows. 1. Ten of the infected piglets were clinically observed for 15 days. On the 2nd day post-inoculation(pi), the signs of pyrexia, anorexia and convulsion were noted. On the 4th to 7th days pi, nervous signs of incoordination and intermittent spasm were shown in the most of piglets, and one out of 5 piglets infected intranasally was died with severe nervous signs at the 7th day pi. The signs became relieved on the 8th day pi and all of remainder were completely recovered on the 13th to 14th days pi. 2. In hematological study, prominent decrease in the number of total leukocyte and lymphocyte was shown in the ADV-infected piglets on the 6th day pi. On the 8th day pi, the cell numbers were slightly increased and returned to normal level on the 10th day pi. 3. Viral excretion of the ADV-inoculated piglets was examined by swabbing of nasal and oral cavities, and rectal feces. During the periods of the 3rd to 11th days pi, the virus was excreted intermittently from nasal and oral cavities, and rectal feces. The nasal excretions were shown the highest virus concentration of $10^{5.2}TCID_{50}/0.1ml$ at the 5th day pi. 4. Recovery of the inoculated virus from various organs of the piglets that were died or experimentally slaughtered was attempted, and the virus was isolated from the tissues of brain and tonsil by the cultured cell-inoculation method. The highest recovery rate was noted in the tonsil. By indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay using ADV-monoclonal antibody, the viral antigens were detected in tissues of spleen and liver as well as brain and tonsil on the 7th to 9th days pi. The virus was not isolated from blood and the tissues of lung and kidney throughout the experiments. 5. Titers of virus neutralizing antibody in the piglets experimentally infected with ADV became increased after the 6th to 9th days pi in both of intranasal and subcutaneous inoculation showing the highest titers of 64 to 128 on the 29th day pi. When the antibody levels were measured by radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay, the reactive diameter was enlarged to be positive after the 4th to 6th days pi in both of intranasal and subcutaneous inoculation showing the largest diameter of 13 to 14mm on the 29th day pi.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1170-1177
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted to assess the interaction between genotypes and dietary lysine content in commercial broiler chicks by measuring growth, and response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) inoculation. Female chicks from four genotypes (A=Anak 2000; B=Hubbard; C=Cobb and D=Synthetic broiler) were fed four levels of lysine in diet from d old till the end of experiment. The lysine content of the diet was 9.61, 10.51, 11.41 and 12.31 g/kg. Body weights at 0, 14, 28 and 42 d of age and pen-wise feed intake till 14, 28 and 42 d of age were recorded. Production of antibody against SRBC and resistance to E.coli were measured at 5 d of post inoculation (PI) at 43 d of age. Also, response to phytohemaglutinin-P (PHA-P) was measured at 12 and 24 h of PI at 48 d of age. Genotype by dietary lysine interaction was significant for body weights at 14 and 28 d of age, but not at 42 d of age. Genotype by dietary lysine interaction was not significant for feed efficiency, for antibody titers against SRBC, and for air sac lesion score, relative bodyweight change, and relative weights of bursa and spleen in response to E.coli inoculation. However, a significant interaction was observed between the levels of lysine and dosage of SRBC for antibody titers. There was significant genotype by dietary lysine interaction for cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity (CBH) response to PHA-P at 12 and 24 h of PI. It may be concluded that to obtain optimum body weight and immunity in commercial broilers the dietary lysine requirement may be recommended specific to the genotype.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.303-309
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• 1991

To investigate the pathogenicity and virological properties of TJ-89-2 strain of canine parvovirus(CPV -2) that was isolated from the diseased puppies in Korea, seven puppies-were inoculated intraorally with the isolate at the HA titer of 8,192. All of the puppies showed the signs of anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and died at the 5th to 10th days post inoculation (pi). All of the fecal samples from the puppies revealed significantly high HA titers afterward the 5th days pi. Body temperature and the number of total leucocytes were slightly increased at the early stage of infection, but extremly decreased at the stage of collapse. HI titers of the sera began to increase at the 3rd to 4th days pi, reaching 512 to 1,024 at the 4th to 5th days pi.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Chickens at 3-weeks of age were inoculated with a highly virulent strain (SH/92) of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus(IBDV) through ocular and cloacal routes. The infected chickens were killed at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs post inoculation (PI) and Bursa of Fabricius(BF) were collected. The sizes of bursal follicules in infected chickens decreased at 48 to 96 hrs PI. Histologically the cellular changes were first evident at 12 hrs PI and characterized by condensation of nuclear chromatin of bursal lymphocytes indicating apoptosis. By 24 hrs PI apoptotic lymphocytes dramatically increased. In addition infiltration of heterophils were also seen in the follicles and in the interfollicular connective tissues. At 48 hrs PI, cystic cavities were observed in the follicles. As the infection advanced the bursal follicles showed atrophy accompanied by disappearance of heterophils and reduction in number of lymphocytes in the cystic cavities which was replaced by proteineous materials. The nuclei of most affected lymphocyte stained positively with the in situ end labeling for apoptosis. Electron microscopy showed viral particles with crystalline array in the lymphocytes of BF infected with IBOV. These results indicated that SH/92 IBDV infection in chickens caused increased apoptosis in the BF.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 1985

도열병 저항성유전자 $Pi-\alpha$를 가지고 있는 Aichi-asahi, Toyotama, Yamabiko를 공시하여 접종전$\cdot$접종후 $23/15^{\circ}C\;,\;29/21^{\circ}C$에 각각 3일간 처리하였다. 도열병균 6개 균주를 접종한 후, 도열병균의 침입$\cdot$균사신전$\cdot$병반수를 조사한 결과, $29/21^{\circ}C$에 처리한 유균에서 침입율이 높고 형성 병반수도 많았다. 균사신전도와 피침입세포수는 $29/21^{\circ}C$ 경우 접종후 72시간에서 96시간 사이에 현저히 증가하였다. 그러나 $23/15^{\circ}C$에 처리한 유균에서 침입$\cdot$균사신전이 억제되어 병반형성이 지연되었다

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.317-326
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to establish a method for in vitro culture of C parvum isolated in Korea by determination of suitable cell model to complete development of this parasite. The result obtained were summerized as follows: 1. To determine the most suitable cell line, six types of cell line were examined by microscopy. All cell lines were infected with C parvum and showed the highest infection score in HmLu cells. 2. The staining methods including DMSO-modified acid-fast(A-F) stain, hematoxylin-eosin(H & E) stain and immunofluorescence antibody(IFA) stain were applied to examine the infection of C parvum in cell culture. These staining methods were possible to examine the infection of C parvum in cell culture. The most sensitive one was IFA staining technique. 3. Developmental stages of C parvum in HmLu cell were observed. After the initial 8 hour incubation period, some trophozoites were observed. The meronts and gametes were appeared at 24-48 hour post inoculation(PI), and oocysts were observed firstly at 48-72 hour PI. 4. In H & E stain, the parasite appeared as basophilic within parasitophorous vacuole membrane(PVM) and lying in cytoplasm at near the nucleus of the host cells. It was able to distinguish the type I, type II meronts and gametes. 5. In DMSO-modified acid-fast stain, specific stained parasites were appeared firstly after 48 hour PI. The parasites were showed with different degrees of staining bright red color within PVM. 6. The endogenous stages of parasites in HmLu cell recovered at 48, 96, 120 and 144 hour after inoculation were reacted with rabbit immunized serum in immunofluorescence antibody and avidin-biotin complex peroxidase staining technique.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1995

Four Holstein calves 7-day-old were infected with C parvum oocysts for parasitological and pathological investigations of bovine cryptosporidiosis. Of those calf 1 was orally administered with $7{\times}10^6$ oocysts of C parvum isolated from a Korean mouse (VRI-CN91), and calf 2 with same number of C parvum oocysts provided by Washington State University(WSU). The rest (calf 3 and 4) were orally administered with $1{\times}10^8$ oocysts of VRI-CN91 strain. Calf 1 commenced to discharge oocysts in feces at days 6 post inoculation(PI), and it reached a peak $1.4{\times}10^7$ oocysts per gram of feces(OPG) on day 8 PI. Calf 2 commenced to discharge oocysts in feces at day 4 PI, and it reached a peak $3.75{\times}10^6$ OPG on day 7 PI. Calf 3 and 4 commenced to discharge oocysts in feces at day 3 and day 4 PI, and it reached a peak on day 7 PI (calf 3, $7.8{\times}10^6$ OPG; calf 4, $1.7{\times}10^6$ OPG). Clinically, the calves began to show mucoid-watery diarrhea at day 3 to 5 PI, and the sign lasted 5 to 7 days. Calf 2 died on day 9 PI with a severe dehydration. On necropsy the intestine was found to be congested and hemorrhagic. Protozoan oocysts were observed mainly in the ileum and occasionally in jejunum. The results in the present study indicate that the Korean isolate was pathogenic in calves.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develope enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of canine brucellosis in dogs experimentally inoculated with Brucella abortus 1119-3 and B. canis RM666. Groups A, B and C of dogs (each group consisting of three dogs) were orally inoculated with approximately $5{\times}10^9$ colony-forming units of B. abortus and B. canis, and with sterile pyrogen-free PBS, respectively. The animals were monitored at regular intervals upto the 12th week post inoculation (PI) by standard tube agglutination test (STAT), plate agglutination test (PAT), Rose Bengal test (RBT), 2-mercaptoethanol rapid slide agglutination test (2ME-RSAT) and ELISA. The induced antibody titers in group A dogs were detected from the first week PI to the eighth week PI in STAT, PAT and RBT using the inactivated whole cells of B. abortus 1119-3 as antigens, while no sera in groups B and C dogs reacted with the antigens. In 2ME-RSAT using whole cells of B. canis M-strain as antigens, the induced antibody titers in group B dogs were observed at the second week PI and persisted for the 12th week PI, while sera of groups A and C dogs did not react with the whole cells. In ELISA using cytoplasmic fractions antigen of B. abortus 1119-3, the mean optical density of antibodies in groups A and B was detected from the first and second weeks PI, respectively, and persisted for 12th week PI, while sera of group C did not cross-react with the fractions antigen. However, in ELISA using the hot saline extracts of B. canis M- as an antigen, the induced antibody titers in only group B dogs were detected from second week PI and persisted for until the end of this study. These results indicate that the ELISA using B. abortus 1119-3 cytoplasmic fractions as antigens can be a good candidate for detection of brucellosis by B. abortus as well as B. canis in dogs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.629-632
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• 2013

Members of the genus Trichinella are small nematodes that can infect a wide range of animal hosts. However, their infectivity varies depending on the parasite and host species combination. In this study, we examined the susceptibility of 4 species of laboratory rodents, i.e., mice, rats, hamsters, and gerbils to Trichinella papuae, an emerging non-encapsulated Trichinella species. Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis were also included in this study for comparison. Fifteen animals of each rodent species were infected orally with 100 muscle larvae of each Trichinella species. Intestinal worm burden was determined at day 6 and 10 post-inoculation (PI). The numbers of muscle larvae were examined at day 45 PI. The reproductive capacity index (RCI) of the 3 Trichinella species in different rodent hosts was determined. By day 6 PI, 33.2-69.6% of the inoculated larvae of the 3 Trichinella species became adult worms in the small intestines of the host animals. However, in rats, more than 96% of adult worms of all 3 Trichinella species were expelled from the gut by day 10 PI. In gerbils, only 4.8-18.1% of adult worms were expelled by day 10 PI. In accordance with the intestinal worm burden and the persistence of adults, the RCI was the highest in gerbils with values of $241.5{\pm}41.0$ for T. papuae, $432.6{\pm}48$ for T. pseudospiralis, and $528.6{\pm}20.6$ for T. spiralis. Hamsters ranked second and mice ranked third in susceptibility in terms of the RCI, Rats yielded the lowest parasite RCI for all 3 Trichinella species. Gerbils may be an alternative laboratory animal for isolation and maintenance of Trichinella spp.