• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.314-326
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of emotional labor of clinical nurses in medical institutes. Methods: A total of 26 nurses from 11 hospitals participated in the study. Six focus groups were organized and 4 to 5 nurses took part in each group. The compositional factors of groups included clinical experience, age, gender, work place and position. Data collection was conducted through focus group interview and it was proceeded by the time of data saturation. In this qualitative study, content analysis was conducted. Results: Five themes, 14 categories, and 33 subcategories, were emerged. The themes were 'Restrain themselves', 'Communion to the patients', 'Working environment provoking emotional tension', 'Respond to emotional events', 'Recovery of emotional energy'. Conclusion: Results indicated that surface acting of emotional labor such as, repression of personal desire and presenting the emotions that the organization ask nurse to express was related to psychosomatic symptoms, depression, burnout, poor job performance, increased mistakes, and low job satisfaction which eventually leads to nurses' turnover. In order to reduce negative influence of emotional labor, it is necessary to build positive organizational culture, to provide support from managers and co-workers. It is also important to improve work environment in order to do more deep acting since sharing emotions with patients can reduce the negative influence of emotional labor.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.82-91
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the factors influencing attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WLST) in adolescents. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. A structured questionnaire was administered to 185 adolescents. Data were analyzed based on t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using the IBM SPSS 20.0. Statistical package. Results: There was a negative correlation between attitudes toward WLST and respect for life (r=-.188, p=.010). Knowing about life-sustaining treatment (β=-0.30, p<.001), experience of WLST education (β=0.21, p=.003), experience of respect for life education (β=-0.16, p=.021), and experience of death (family or acquaintance) (β=-0.13, p=.039) explained 16.7% (F=8.39, p<.001) of the variance in attitudes toward WLST. The respect for life did not affect attitudes toward WLST (β=-0.07, p=.347). Conclusion: The study findings suggest that WLST in adolescents is different from that of adults. Further research is needed to develop strategies for sound and positive attitudes toward WLST in adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.286-295
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• 2017

Purpose: The World Health Organization identifies spiritual care as a component of health and thus nursing care. There is a need to identify how self-esteem, communication and existential well-being affects spiritual care competence in nurses. Methods: The participants were 189 nurses in G metropolitan city. The survey was conducted from March 21 to April 8, 2016, with a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Differences in spiritual care competence were statistically significant according to education level, work department, position, having received spiritual care education, experience of providing spiritual care, experience of asking religionist to provide spiritual care for a patient and recognition of need for spiritual care. The spiritual care competence of nurses showed a significantly positive correlation with self-esteem, communication and existential well-being. Factors influencing spiritual care competence were communication, experience of providing spiritual care and existential well-being which explained about 37.5% of spiritual care competence. Conclusion: It's necessary for nurses to develop intervention programs to strengthen spiritual care competence through improving communication, providing opportunities for spiritual care and existential well-being.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2012

In this study a survey was conducted of a total of 187 insurance sales workers from 10 branches of S Insurance Company located around Korea to gather information on causes of dental fear. Results revealed that the group who had experienced direct dental pain in the past showed higher fear levels than the group without such experience. With respect to indirect dental pain, the group with such experience showed higher fear levels in 'fear of dental appointments' and 'fear of antiseptic smells than the group without such experience. Concerning gender, higher fear levels were observed among females than among males. It was also found that the majority of the respondents seldom go for a regular dental check-up regardless of whether they had experienced direct or indirect pain during dental treatment. In addition, there was positive correlation among all the items in the Dental Fear Survey Scale at a significance level of 0.1%. Twenty of all the DFS items were found to be related to causes of dental fear, meaning that most of the elements involving the dentistry may contribute to the development of dental fear among dentally fearful people.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.583-592
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• 2007

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to explore and describe the use of restraint on patients and to generate a grounded theory of how the use of restraint affects patients who have been restrained. Methods: Interview data from seven patients with physical restraint was analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method. Data were collected and analyzed simultaneously. Unstructured and in-depth interviews were conducted retrospectively with patients recalling their memories of ICU following their transfer to general unit. Results: 'Safety belt' was emerged as a core category and it reflected that physical restraint provided a sense of security to patients. On the basis of core category, a model of the experience process of restrained patients in ICU was developed. The experience process were categorized into four stages: resistance, fear, resignation, and agreement. Stages of these proceeds appeared to have been influenced by the nurses' attitude and caring behavior such as the frequency of nurse-patient interaction, repetition of explanation, and empathetic understanding. Conclusion: These findings indicate that patients have mixed feelings towards restraint use, although negative feelings were stronger than positive ones. The result of this study will help nurses make effective nursing intervention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.759-769
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• 2001

To find the experience about clients with hypertension and to help them to care for themselves in the community. Method: All data was collected from August 1999 to October 1999, through in-depth interviews, observation, and telephone interview with 7 participants who have been diagnosed with hypertension for 1 to 10 years. According to Strauss and Corbin's Methodology, the data was continuously coded into concepts and categories, and then new data was analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method. Results: There are 171 concepts, and then they were grouped into 34 the lower categories and 15 to the upper categories. The course of the coping of fear in hypertensive client consisted of 6 processes. The awareness of seriousness was context, and the fear was core phenomenon about the coping experience. We also found that hypertensive clients have 3 patterns, depending on the awareness degree of seriousness and the fear about hypertension. Conclusion: Our nurses should recognize the importance of effective management and seriousness about hypertension, offer clients the importance of family support and the information of etiology, symptoms and signs of hypertension, and provide the correct information on hypertensive medication. We should be able to guide their fear about hypertension to positive self-management, so that they may manage their disease thoroughly and effectively.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.300-308
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• 2019

Purpose: This study is a descriptive research study to identify the relationship between the experience of verbal abuse, compassion fatigue, and work engagement among nurses in the emergency unit. Methods: Study subjects were 107 nurses working in a university hospital in Gyeonggi-Do. The instruments used were a verbal abuse checklist, a subscale of the Professional Quality of Life Scale used to measure compassion fatigue, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 22.0 program for independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: Emergency nurses experienced more verbal abuse and compassion fatigue than nurses in other departments, and the level of work engagement was low. There was a positive correlation between experience of verbal abuse and compassion fatigue and a negative correlation between both of these variables and work engagement. Particularly, verbal abuse appeared in the order of nurses, patients & caregivers, and doctors. This means there were serious problems with communication with nurses. Conclusion: In order to reduce verbal abuse, it is necessary to establish a communication culture of mutual respect between nurses, medical staff, patients & caregivers. Moreover, a compassion fatigue management program is needed to reduce emotional fatigue.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.441-451
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of personality characteristics and decision making type on the self-leadership of nursing students. Methods: The participants were 336 nursing students using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: There were significant positive correlations between self-leadership and extraversion (r=.50, p<.001), agreeableness (r=.22, p<.001), conscientiousness (r=.60, p<.001), openness to experience (r=.36, p<.001), and rational style (r=.47, p<.001). However the correlation between self-leadership and dependent style was significantly negative (r=-.11, p=.044). Conscientiousness (${\beta}$=.60, p<.001), extraversion (${\beta}$=.28, p<.001), and rational style (${\beta}$=.21, p<.001), openness to experience (${\beta}$=.18, p<.001), and degree of leadership level (${\beta}$=.10, p=.020) were identified as factors affecting self-leadership. The explanation power of this regression model was 50.0% and it was statistically significant (F=67.52, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that effective self-leadership programs should be developed by including conscientiousness, extraversion, openness to experience, and rational decision making.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation among nurses' knowledge, performance, and stress about care for delirium. Methods: The data were collected using the instruments for knowledge about nursing care (50 items), performance (23 items), and stress (20 items). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data of 222 participants. Results: Nursing knowledge were different by clinical experience (F=3.12, p=.016), position at work (t=-2.54, p=.012), experience in caring patients with delirium (t=3.90, p<.001), and conflicts with other disciplines on matters related to delirium (t=4.00, p=.001). The difference in performance were associated with age (F=4.19, p=.001), clinical experience (F=2.67, p=.003), and whether there was a guideline for managing the patients with delirium (t=2.30, p=.022). Stress of nurses was different by whether they had a religion or not (t=-2.41, p=.017). The knowledge of care for delirium had the positive relationship with performance (r=.21, p=.001) and negative relationship with stress (r=-.29, p=.001). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop educational program and guideline for improving the knowledge and performance in care for delirium among nurses working at orthopedic hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.288-297
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of Tai Chi in women with osteoarthritis. Methods: Data were collected by face-to-face interview from 14 participants. Theoretical sampling was performed until the concepts were saturated. The main question was "How do you describe your experience of Tai Chi?" Data were analyzed using a grounded theory methodology. All interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Results: The Phenomenon is 'QI flowing'. The core category was identified with 'inspiring one's life with strength'. This series of processes was categorized into four stages: 'Challenging Tai chi', 'Doing one's best', 'Deplenishing (the word used in English and Tai chi is emptying one's mind) one's mind', 'Taking a Positive view of life'. Conclusion: The finding of this study will offer profound understanding about the reported tai chi's experience. Additional research should be done as to the role of Tai chi as a nursing intervention strategy for osteoarthritis patients.