• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.19-45
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• 2024

As smart tourism cities are being actively introduced, efforts are emerging to understand the current situation and devise improvements from the perspective of services actually experienced by travelers. This study aimed to present directions for improving the overall service environment of smart tourism cities by introducing the servicescape perspective. It defined servicescape elements within smart tourism cities and analyzed how tourists' servicescape experiences affect their value perception, emotions, and satisfaction. The research model was designed by dividing servicescapes into physical servicescapes (cleanliness, convenience, electrical facilities) and communicative servicescapes (aesthetics and practicality of apps). A survey was conducted on 309 tourists who visited Suwon, a smart tourism city, and analyzed using Smart PLS. The analysis results showed that among physical servicescapes, cleanliness and electrical facilities had a significant impact on the evaluation of tourist destination value, while convenience had no effect. The communicative servicescape, namely the tourism app, had a significant impact on smart tourism value and overall destination value assessment. The tourism app and smart tourism value played a significant role in increasing tourists' positive emotions and decreasing negative emotions, which ultimately affected tourism satisfaction. This study confirmed the importance of tourism apps in smart tourism cities along with the importance of basic physical environments. Through this, it provides useful implications for establishing service improvement strategies for smart tourism cities.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate COVID-19 Knowledge, Risk Perception, Anxiety and Preventive Behaviors, and to identify the influencing factors on Preventive Behaviors of nursing students. Data were collected using questionnaires from 342 nursing students in Gwangju, November 2021. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression using IBM SPSS 21.0 program. The total mean scores were as follows: COVID-19 Knowledge, 13.25±1.38; Risk Perception; 4.57±1.34, Anxiety; 44.55±9.66, Preventive Behaviors; 7.66±1.55. Preventive Behaviors was found to have significant positive correlations with COVID-19 Knowledge and Risk Perception). The most influential factors influencing the Preventive Behaviors of nursing students were Experience in education related COVID-19 prevention, Risk Perception, COVID-19 Knowledge. In conclusion, in order to develop the Preventive Behaviors of nursing students, it is necessary to apply a program that improve the COVID-19 prevention education and Knowledge, and to control Risk Perception according to the individual level.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2024

This study analyzed the impact of venture companies' innovation capabilities on business performance by growth stage. Innovation capability, which is an independent variable, is composed of entrepreneur characteristics, technology development capabilities, marketing capabilities, and external cooperation. And the dependent variables were set as sales and long-term growth prospects. This study utilized data from the '2022 Precise Survey on Venture Companies'and conducted descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis as research methodology. As a result of the analysis, the negative influence of the educational background of entrepreneurs' characteristics was found to decrease as the growth stage increased, and the long-term growth prospects of entrepreneurs with abundant industrial practical experience were perceived positively. Research and development personnel was a negative factor during the start-up period, but as the growth stage increased and technology accumulation occurred, it changed into a positive factor. Marketing competency level was found to be an important factor in all growth stages. For external collaboration activities, all hypotheses regarding sales were rejected, but hypotheses regarding the start-up and growth periods regarding long-term growth prospects were accepted. it is interpreted that external collaboration activities are necessary to overcome the limitations of internal resources.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2023

Background: A musical self-care program can be used to prevent physical and psychological burnout of social workers in child care facilities. Purpose: This study aims to find out what social workers at child care facilities experience and mean by musical self-care, and what the benefits of using music are in self-care cases. Method: Qualitative case study method was applied and explored. Five sessions of a musical self-care program and one session of face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with four child care facility social workers from April 2022 to June 2022, and the data were analyzed as a collective case study and the results were obtained. Results: The musical self-care experiences of the participants were analysed into two major perspectives. The first is reflection in the care process. The second result is the benefit of using music in the care process. The need for self-care by social workers at child care facilities was confirmed, and that among various methods of self-care, the self-care process using music had a positive effect. In the musical self-care process, the intervention of music is based on the individual's self-reflection and self-acceptance, obtains psychological rewards through communication between colleagues, helps psychological recovery, and forms a cooperative relationship. Conclusion: This study indicates the need for musical self-care for social workers in child care facilities and provides implications that examples of its application in social welfare settings are important.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2010

Background and purpose : Patients with acute leukemia experience prolonged periods of neutropenia due to their disease or its treatment. For this reason, they often develop serious infectious complications. Although antibiotic therapy has improved in recent years, the fatality rate from infection remains high. For the control of infection, protected environment was developed. But because of economic issue, most of chemotherapy with acute myeloid leukemia have conducted in non-protected environment. So this study compared the rate of complete remission, days with neutropenia, rate of fever, rate of positive culture, rate of overt infection and use of antibacterial and antifungal agents with patients within non-protected environment and protected environment, retrospectively, Patients with acute myeloid leukemia during first remission induction chemotherapy were eligible for this study, Methods : Retrospective analysis was conducted between patients in non-protected (25 patients) and protected environment (14 patients) with acute myeloid leukemia during remission induction chemotherapy Results : Rate of overt infection, rate of fever, rate of positive culture and rate of use of antibiotics were significantly high in patients within non-protected environment compared with patients within protected environment. There were no differences in rate of complete remission and days of neutropenia Conclusions : This study suggests protected environment for patients with acute myeloid leukemia during remission induction chemotherapy could reduce rate of overt infection, and rate of use of antibiotics.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2002

Our study shows the following results of the patterns and reality of oral health of 862 Government employees and private school employees who had received oral examinations from April to May, 2000. For the exposition of each group to dental service, the male groups(37.4%) were more exposed than the female ones(30.0%, p<0.05), while the scaling experience results indicated that more ages mean more scaling(the over 50 year group 27.1%, 41-50 group 23.9%, 31-40 group 20.5%, 21-30 group 10.8%, p<0.001). The data involving sweet food and refreshments revealed that 'positive respondents' in the male groups were 19.7% with 12.5% positive in the female ones, and 'negative respondents' were 32.3% and 51.0% in the male and female groups respectively(p<0.001). For the oral odor, the male groups(37.9%) are more severe than the female ones(25.5%, p<0.01). The results of dental caries revealed that 19.1% of the male and 13.9% of the female said 'yes'(p<0.05), with 25.1% of the male and 11.1% of the female suffering from missing teeth(p<0.001); 77.4% of the male and 51.0% of the female from periodontal disease (p<0.001).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2003

Purpose: In a retrospective study for the pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation in the past 6 years at Samsung Medical Center, the clinical features of 5 patients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) were analyzed. Methods: Between June 1996 and June 2002, 41 pediatric patients underwent liver transplantation. Seven of them died in the postoperative period. Thirty-five including one patient who died of PTLD were finally reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: high risk group, EBV naive recipients of EBV-positive grafts; low risk group, the patients other than those in high risk group. The authors reviewed age at operation, immunosuppressive agent, postoperative duration until diagnosis, postoperative duration until EBV seroconversion, presence of treatment against rejection, and presenting symptoms of PTLD. Results: Five of 41 patients (12.2%) developed PTLD. All of them belonged to high risk group, and the incidence of PTLD in high risk group was 31.3% (5/16). The mean age at operation was 10.8 months old and the mean duration between operation and diagnosis for PTLD was 9.8 months. Primary EBV infection developed after a median of 6 months after transplantation. One patient was diagnosed as laryngeal and gastrointestinal PTLD and the other four, gastrointestinal PTLD. The following symptoms and signs were seen in the patients: anemia (100%), hypoalbuminemia (100%), fever (80%), diarrhea (80%), gastrointestinal bleeding (80%), and anorexia (60%). Conclusion: PTLD is one of the major complications after pediatric liver transplantation, especially in the group of high-risk recipients. Anemia, hypoalbuminemia, fever, diarrhea and gastrointestinal bleeding were features that are characteristic of PTLD. The common features of PTLD development were: (i) EBV-positive donors placed into EBV naive recipients, (ii) primary EBV infection about 6 months after transplantation, (iii) young age, about 1 year old at operation, and (iv) the requirement for intensive posttransplant immunosuppression.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2009

With an exponential increase in electronic commerce (e-commerce), marketers are attempting to gain a competitive advantage by emphasizing service quality and post interaction service aspects, which leads to customer satisfaction or behavioral consequence. Particularly for apparel, service quality is one of the key determinants in encouraging customer e-loyalty, and hence the success of apparel retailing in the context of electronic commerce. Therefore, this study explores e-service quality (E-SERVQUAL) factors and their unique effects on e-loyalty for apparel online shopping based on Parasuraman et al' s (2005) framework. Specific objectives of this study are to identify underlying dimension of E-SERVQUAL, and analyze a structural model for examining the effect of E-SERVQUAL on e-loyalty for online apparel shopping. For the theoretical framework of service quality in the context of online shopping, literatures on traditional and electronic service quality factors were comparatively reviewed, and two aspects of core and recovery services were identified. This study hypothesized that E-SERVQUAL has an effect on e-loyalty; customer satisfaction has a positive effect on e-service loyalty for apparel online shopping; and customer satisfaction mediates in the effect of E-SERVQUAL on e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on literatures. A total of 252 usable questionnaires were obtained from online consumers who had purchase experience with online shopping for apparel products and reside in standard metropolitan areas, in the United States. Factor analysis (e.g., exploratory, confirmatory) was conducted to assess the validity and reliability and the structural equation model including measurement and structural models was estimated via LISREL 8.8 program. Findings showed that the E-SERVQUAL of shopping websites for apparel consisted of five factors: Compensation, Fulfillment, Efficiency, System Availability, and Responsiveness. This supports Parasuraman (2005)'s E-S-QUAL encompassing two aspects of core service (e.g., fulfillment, efficiency, system availability) and recovery related service (e.g., compensation, responsiveness) in the context of apparel shopping online. In the structural equation model, there are five exogenous latent variables for e-SERVQUAL factors; and two endogenous latent variables (e.g., customer satisfaction, e-loyalty). For the measurement model, the factor loadings for each respective construct were statistically significant and were greater than .60 and internal consistency reliabilities ranged from .85 to .88. In the estimated structural model of the e-SERVEQUAL factors, the system availability was found to have direct and positive effect on e-loyalty, whereas efficiency had a negative effect on e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. However, fulfillment was not a significant predictor for explaining consequences of E-SERVQUAL for apparel online shopping. This finding implies that perceived service quality of system available was likely to increase customer satisfaction for apparel online shopping. However, it was not supported that e-loyalty was determined by service quality, because service quality has an indirect effect on e-loyalty (i.e., repurchase intention) by mediating effect of value or satisfaction in the context of online shopping for apparel. In addition, both compensation and responsiveness were found to have a significant impact on customer satisfaction, which influenced e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. Thus, there was significant indirect effect of compensation and responsiveness on e-loyalty. This suggests that the recovery-specific service factors play an important role in maximizing customer satisfaction levels and then maintaining customer loyalty to the online shopping site for apparel. The findings have both managerial and research implications. Fashion marketers can establish long-term relationship with their customers based on continuously measuring customer perceptions for recovery-related service quality, such as quick responses to problem and returns, and compensation for customers' problem after their purchases. In order to maintain e-loyalty, recovery services play an important role in the first choice websites for consumers to purchase clothing. Given that online consumers may shop anywhere, a marketing strategy for improving competitive advantages is to provide better service quality, maximize satisfaction, and turn to creating customers' e-loyalty for apparel online shopping. From a researcher's perspective, there are some limitations of this research that should be considered when interpreting its findings. For future research, findings provide a basis for the further study of this important topic along both theoretical and empirical dimensions. Based on the findings, more comprehensive models for predicting E-SERVQUAL's consequences can be developed and tested. For global fashion marketing, this study can expand to a cross-cultural approach into e-service quality for apparel by including multinational samples.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2015

Korea is one of low-ranked countries in women's economic participation rate among OECD nations because well-educated females are not participating in economic activities. Regardless of current state of our society, opening a business is being considered as a effective method for job creation. Also, increasing the number of female business founders can lead to female job creation which promotes even growth of foundation and job creation and augments women's economic activity rate. Therefore, this study suggests the direction of foundation and inspires foundation factors and aims at increasing social re-participation through vitalization of business foundation by women in career discontinuity. For this study, I carried out a survey targeting career interrupted women who have attained entrepreneurial education using five- point scale by Likert and analyzed with SPSS Windows 18.0. The analysis set up 3 hypotheses with independent variables of psychological traits, entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial environment and the dependent variable of entrepreneurial intention of the career interrupted women. Also, I looked if there is the modify effect when psychological traits and entrepreneurial education affect the entrepreneurial intention with entrepreneurial environment as a moderating variable. To summarize the positive analysis result, Firstly, all psychological traits, entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial environment had similar positive affects on career interrupted women's entrepreneurial intention. Secondly, when psychological traits and entrepreneurial education affect the entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial environment had similar effects as a moderating effect. This study implies that psychological traits, entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial environment are all important for the career interrupted women's entrepreneurial intention. There are so many women who are going through both professional experience and personal network's severance. Therefore, optimized entrepre neurship education must be provided to help those women return to economic activity considering their psychological traits. Additionally, we should put emphasis on producing the entrepreneurial environment that can positively convert others' perceptions and construct those women's personal network. There seems to be more productive information for the strategies which can induce those women's actual business foundation if the social problems of the women who have highly willing to open a business are treated in the future. Also, considering that psychological traits, entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial environment all have effect on entrepreneurial intentions, there should be more related follow-up study on this.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.825-833
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• 2017

Purpose .This study aims to assess the influence factors on the level of satisfaction with hospital training and to provide basic data for more efficient hospital practice of students' public health administration . Methods . We have conducted a survey on students satisfaction with their hands on practice against 200 students in Busan, Kyeongnam and Kyungbook area, who have completed their practice in public health administration. We have identified the general characteristics of the target respondents, the current training status of the department for the hospital practice and training venue; also analyzed the characteristics composed of the apprentice student's attitude before the practice, satisfaction with the department training program and hospital for practice, as well as their practice at hospital. The general characteristics of the target respondents and clinic practice status at the hospital were measured in percentage and frequency analysis; the average and standard deviations of hospital size were also measured; and the correlations between satisfaction with the department, attitude towards the practice and satisfaction with the hospital were analyzed. Results . Most public health administration students experienced their practice at the hospital after the first semester on the $2^{nd}$year and they have received the foundation training for the practice. The survey allowed multiple responses and the results are as follows: medical terminology 49.5%, medical coordinator 36.7%, Hospital administration 26.5%, Health insurance 17.3%, and medical recording and practice 13.8% respectively. In terms of each individual student's attitude towards the practice at the hospital, the respondents answered as follows: I have completed the obligatory subjects for the practice before the practice 89.5%; I have been fully informed on the hospital for my practice. 74.5%; I responsibly practiced and worked with professionalism and sense of belonging to the hospital as a member of staff 90%; I have actively learned and adopted 95%; My knowledge and skills from the practice was relevant to the theory and practice from my course 83.5%. The findings of satisfaction by size of hospital were in order of a small clinic($3.24{\pm}0.63$), medium sized clinic($3.27{\pm}0.65$), hospital ($3.20{\pm}0.61$), and large sized comprehensive hospital ($2.93{\pm}0.74$). Consequently the satisfaction rate shows no significant difference by size of hospital. In relations between practice attitude and satisfaction with subject, the matter of acquiring information and fully understanding of the hospital for practice before practice(p=0.04), the matter of a sense of belonging and responsibility at hospital during practice(p=0.33). the matter of active adaptation attitude during practice (p=0.42), and the matter of correlations with school curriculum during practice(p=0.00) showed significant results. In relations between practice attitude and satisfaction with the hospital for practice, the matter of acquiring information and fully understanding of the hospital for practice before practice(p=0.01), the matter of a sense of belonging and responsibility at hospital during practice(p=0.04), and the matter of correlations with school curriculum during practice(p=0.00) showed significant results. Conclusion . The most essential subject for the practice in public health administration is medical terminology and there is no significance in satisfaction with the practice by size of hospital. Students were content with the hospital where they can experience as much as possible. Students content with their major show positive attitude towards the practice and so do those content with the hospital. Those with the positive attitude towards the practice show the high correlation of satisfaction with both the major and hospital. As a result, the satisfaction with the major is the significant attribute to the practice in the hospital.