• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.535-546
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• 2019

Recently, there have been a lot of researches on the whole face replacement system, but it is not easy to obtain stable results due to various attitudes, angles and facial diversity. To produce a natural synthesis result when replacing the face shown in the video image, technologies such as face area detection, feature extraction, face alignment, face area segmentation, 3D attitude adjustment and facial transposition should all operate at a precise level. And each technology must be able to be interdependently combined. The results of our analysis show that the difficulty of implementing the technology and contribution to the system in facial replacement technology has increased in facial feature point extraction and facial alignment technology. On the other hand, the difficulty of the facial transposition technique and the three-dimensional posture adjustment technique were low, but showed the need for development. In this paper, we propose four facial replacement models such as 2-D Faceswap, OpenPose, Deekfake, and Cycle GAN, which are suitable for the Cox platform. These models have the following features; i.e. these models include a suitable model for front face pose image conversion, face pose image with active body movement, and face movement with right and left side by 15 degrees, Generative Adversarial Network.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2004

A precise understanding of the human form in static pose serves as the basis of designing clothing. When the human body is in motion, however, even an article of clothing designed to fit the human form in static pose can pull and change, thus restricting the body. In order to increase the fit of the clothing, which may be termed the second skin, its form and measurements therefore must be determined in correlation not only with the formal characteristics of the human body, in static pose but also with its functional characteristics in motion, as caused by the movements of the human body. In this study, the motion factor was selected as the primary basis for designing slacks with good fit in both static and moving states. By indentifying the areas in which lower limb movement cause significant changes in body surface lines, we suggest several application methods for designing slacks. Using unmarried female university students aged 18 - 24 as subjects, a total of 32 body surface categories (15 body surface lines and 17 body surface segment lines) were measured in one static and 9 movement poses. In particular, expansion and contraction levels and rates were measured and used in the analysis. The analysis first involved the calculation of the average measurement per body part in body surface line in static pose as well as of the average expansion and contraction levels and rates in 9 lower limb movements. Two-way MANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Tukey) were conducted on movements and individual somatotypes regarding measurement per body part and expansion and contraction rates. Body parts whose measurements of body surface lines differed significantly in body surface line in static pose versus in movement were then identified. The results of this study are as follows. First, changes in body surface lines caused by lower limb movements were significant in all body surface lines of the lower trunk, both horizontal and vertical, with the exception of abdomen girth, midway thigh girth, ankle girth, hip length, and posterior knee girth. Second, significantly expanded 10 body surface lines in moving pose were detected and illustrated in table 4. These body parts should be studied in designing or pattern designing, especially for close-fitting pants, in using stretch fabric, and in sensory evaluation of good fit during movement.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2004

Custom-tailored products are meant by the products having various sizes and shapes to meet the customer's different tastes or needs. Thus fabrication of custom-tailored products inherently involves inefficiency. To minimize this inefficiency, a new paradigm is proposed in this work. In this paradigm, different parts are grouped together according to their sizes and shapes. Then, representative shape of each group is derived and it will be used as the work-piece from which the parts in the group are machined. Once a new product is ordered, the optimal work-piece is selected through making similarity comparisons of new product and each representative shape. Then an effective NC tool-path is generated to machine only the different portions between the work-piece and the ordered product. The efficient machining conditions are also derived from this shape difference. By machining only the different portions between the work-piece and the ordered product, it saves time. Similarity comparison starts with the determination of the closest pose between two shapes in consideration. The closest pose is derived by comparing the ray distances while one shape is virtually rotated with respect to the other. Shape similarity value and overall similarity value calculated from ray distances are used for grouping. A prototype system based on the proposed methodology has been implemented and applied to the grouping and machining of the shoe lasts of various shapes and sizes.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.70-73
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• 2003

Custom-tailored products are meant by the products having various sizes and shapes to meet the customer's different tastes or needs. Thus fabrication of custom-tailored products inherently involves inefficiency. To minimize this inefficiency, a new paradigm is proposed in this work. In this paradigm. different paris are grouped together according to their sizes and shapes. Then, representative shape of each group is derived and it will be used as the work-piece from which the parts in the group are machined. Once a new product is ordered, the optimal work-piece is selected through making similarity comparisons of new product and each representative shape. Then an effective NC tool-path is generated to machine only the different portions between the work-piece and the ordered product. The efficient machining conditions are also derived from this shape difference. By machining only the different portions between the work-piece and the ordered product, it saves time. Similarity comparison starts with the determination of the closest pose between two shapes in consideration. The closest pose is derived by comparing the ray distances while one shape is virtually rotated with respect to the other. Shape similarity value and overall similarity value calculated from ray distances are used for grouping. A prototype system based on the proposed methodology has been implemented and applied to the grouping and machining of the shoe lasts of various shapes and sizes.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1109-1116
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• 2020

사람이 따라 하는 능력을 평가하는 스코어는 아동의 발달 단계 혹은 골프, 무용 동작 등을 점검하는 좋은 수단이 될 수 있다. 또한, 이는 AR, VR 응용에서 HCI로도 활용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 동작을 주도해서 수행하는 시범자와 그 동작을 따라 하는 참여자 간의 동작 유사도를 평가하는 방안을 제시하고, 여기서 우리는 Openpose의 키포인트 벡터 유사도의 유클리디안 L2 거리를 활용하는 동작 유사도를 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 DTW를 사용하기 때문에 시간 지연차가 있는 동작에 유연하게 대처할 수 있다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제10A권4호
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• pp.357-368
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• 2003

3차원 모델의 형상 유사성 평가는 의학, 기계 공학, 분자 생물학 등의 많은 분야에서 매우 중요하다. 더욱이 3차원 모델이 웹 상에 보편화됨에 따라 3차원 모델들의 분류와 검색에 관한 연구들이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 형상 표현 방법들과 유사성 평가에 대한 주요 개념들을 기술하고, 최근의 형상 비교에 관한 연구들을 다해상도, 위상 기하학, 2차원 영상, 통계학 기반 방법들로 분류하여 그 특징들을 분석하였다. 또한 논문에서 채택한 유일성, 강인성, 불변성, 다해상도, 효율성, 비교범위와 같은 기준을 사용하여 그 성능을 비교 평가하였다. 다해상도 기반 방법은 비교를 위한 계산 시간은 감소시킨 반면 전처리 시간은 증가시켰다. 기하 및 위상 정보를 이용한 방법은 보다 다양한 형태의 모델들을 비교할 수 있었고 부분적인 형상 비교에도 강인하였다. 2차원 영상을 이용한 방법들은 시간 및 공간 복잡도가 높게 나타났다. 통계학 기반 방법들은 포즈 정규화 작업 없이 형상 비교가 가능하였고, 어파인 변환 및 잡음에도 강인한 결과를 보였다.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영정보학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.23-28
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• 2008

The growth of the number of places where technology standardization takes place, and the complex relationships among them, pose challenges for participating actors such as companies and governments. Additionally, it takes considerable resources and capabilities to participate in all Standards Development Organizations (SDOs). Some SDOs have been more effective and efficient in standardizing technologies than others. For this reason, actors need to evaluate and analyze different SDOs to select the appropriate SDO(s) for them and to strategically position themselves in standardizing technologies, so that they can gain more competitive positions in the ubiquitous market. However, it is surprising that there have been relatively few studies analyzing different SDOs. Thus, this study aims to gain insight into the differences and similarities between the methods used at four important international SDOs - IEEE, IETF, OMA, and ETSI - and how these methods are judged by participants. These insights can help governments and companies to develop policies and strategies for SDOs in this changing environment.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2014

Edges are a robust feature for object detection. In this paper, we present an edge-based background modeling method for the detection of moving objects. The edges in the image frames were mapped using robust Canny edge detector. Two edge maps were created and combined to calculate the ultimate moving-edge map. By selecting all the edge pixels of the current frame above the defined threshold of the ultimate moving edges, a temporary background-edge map was created. If the frequencies of the temporary background edge pixels for several frames were above the threshold, then those edge pixels were treated as background edge pixels. We conducted a performance comparison with previous works. The existing edge-based moving-object detection algorithms pose some difficulty due to the changes in background motion, object shape, illumination variation, and noises. The result of the performance evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm can detect moving objects efficiently in real-world scenarios.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권2_3_4호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2002

Accidental gaseous losses from industrial processes can pose considerable health and environmental risks but assessing their health, safety and environmental impact is problematic. Improved understanding and simulation of the dispersion of emissions in the vicinity of storage tanks is required. The present study aims to assess the capability of the turbulence closures and meshing alternatives in a commercially available CFD code for predicting dispersion in the vicinity of cubes and circular cylindrical storage tanks. The performance of the $k-{\varepsilon}$ and Reynolds Stress turbulence models and meshing alternatives for these cases are compared to experimental data. The CFD simulations are very good qualitatively and, in many cases, quantitatively. A mesh with prismatic elements is more accurate than a tetrahedral mesh. Overall the Reynolds stress model performs slightly better than the $k-{\varepsilon}$ model.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2009년도 정보 및 제어 심포지움 논문집
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• pp.270-272
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 자동차 사고나 뇌졸중 등에 의해 경추 이하의 마비나 손, 발 등의 움직임은 자유롭지 않은 사람들의 컴퓨터 사용을 돕고자 손이나 발을 이용하지 않고 머리의 움직임과 눈의 깜박임만으로 컴퓨터 마우스 제어가 가능한 장치를 제안하였다. 마우스의 좌우, 상하 이동은 각속도 센서를 이용하여 머리의 움직임으로 유발하고, 클릭과 더블 클릭은 광 센서를 시야를 방해하지 않는 위치에 장착하여 감지할 수 있도록 하였다. 제안한 마우스를 Quick Glance를 이용한 것과 비교해 보고 문자를 입력함에 있어 dasher을 이용하는 것과 윈도우에서 제공하는 화상키보드를 이용하는 것을 비교해 보았다. 공간 이동 능력과 이벤트 검출을 비교한 실험에서는 좌우, 상하 이동은 기존 마우스와 비교하여 속도 면에서는 큰 차이는 없었으나, 정확도가 조금 떨어지는 이유로 인하여 소요시간이 $3{\sim}4$배 정도 더 필요하였다. 그러나 Quick glance와 비교결과에서는 약 14%정도 빠랐고 dasher을 이용하여 문자를 입력함에 있어서도 약 32% 이상 빠르게 문자를 입력할 수 있었다. 실험 결과 눈이 쉽게 피로해지는 Quick glance를 이용하는 것보다 제안한 마우스를 사용하는 것이 더 효과적이었다.