• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.34-42
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• 1991

Protection of tropical forest affects on significant reduce of tropical hardwood supply, and softwood resources will be increasingly important for the timber security in Korea. U.S. softwood log was most favorite species for Korean softwood log importers in overall import conditions except price stablization and consistency of export policy. Reduced export volume from Pacific Northwest to Korean market has been immediately replenished by rediata pine from New Zealand and Chilean plantation. Siberian timber will hardly play major roles in Korean timber market unless budding structure. softwood plywood and softwood furniture uses are enhanced. Recent rapid rise of labor cost and reducing tariff rrate in Korea provided better opportunities for import lumber in building materials market. Dry dimension lumber was relatively profitable when processed from import U.S. soft-wood log while green lumber was favorable products processed from radiata pine log in Korean lumber market. This means U.S. softwood lumber would have better opportunity to market for '2${\times}$'4 studs when wood frame housing is introduced. On the other hand while radiata pine is competitive on temporary construction lumber such as supporter and concrete forming frame in Korea. Shortage of raw material for the new capacity of board plants in Korea will be it bottle neck. Major log export countries to Korea as U.S. New Zealand and Chile showed high trade intensity indices of composite hoard produces for Korean market. As Korea efforts to diversify import sources, and tariffs are reduced to 8% as scheduled by 1994. countries of scoring higher comparative advantages as Portugal. Brazil, Austria as well as New Zealand will have better opportunity to penetrate into promised Korean composites hoard market.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.862-866
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• 2016

Common stalked barnacle Pollicipes mitella is a filter-feeding crustacean that attaches itself to the surfaces of rocks in the ocean intertidal zone. Pollicipes mitella is one of about a dozen species of goose barnacle that are gathered commercially for human consumption. In Portugal and Spain, they are a widely consumed and expensive delicacy known as "Percebes (Pollicipes pollicipes )". However, common stalked barnacle is less popular in Korea, and information on its nutritional component is not yet available. In the present study, we analyzed the proximate and fatty acid compositions and mineral content of common stalked barnacle (muscle and cirrus). The muscle and cirrus of common stalked barnacle were 15.1% and 14.3% protein, and 3.31% and 1.81% lipid, respectively. The prominent fatty acids in the muscle and cirrus were 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 16:0, 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 18:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7 and 14:0. In particular, common stalked barnacle contained high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as DHA (25.4-25.6%) and EPA (14.7-15.1%), and low levels of the n-6 fatty acid, 20:4n-6 (1.2-1.3%). Common stalked barnacle contained a relatively large amount of Zn (10-42 mg/100 g) in its muscle and cirrus.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2020

This study was intented as an investigation of the employment process into UAE for Korean and overseas sonographers to understand requirements for working abroad in regards to primary education curriculum and employment expansion abroad. A total of 10 candidates are selected who were working together with a job title of a cardiac sonographer in the same department under one hospital in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The candidates had clinical experience over 2 years in other countries after graduation and for 1 year at least in UAE. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, a web search and literature reviews. We analyzed the process regarding their curriculums studying in colleges, educational courses and certificates related medical fields. The findings were created with four essential themes: first, there are specific colleges or diploma courses corresponding academic major in United states, Portugal, Turkey, India and Pakistan. Secondly, healthcare professions were systemized by certifying as a specialist relevant medical fields. Thirdly, it is mandatory to be employed in UAE that are clinical experience for 2 years at least after graduation of specific courses. Lastly, It is required to work in UAE that is a license of healthcare authority under each state by taking a national examination or transferring own certificates to a current license in UAE. In conclusion, the results indicate that employing process for healthcare professionals depends on the educational requirements or clinical experience accumulated due to the various systems to be certified in each country. We believe that this study suggests experimental information for Korean job seekers considering working abroad in the medical ultrasound fields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

We try to evaluate the stock level of Korean transportation infrastructure comparing Korean SOC stock level with those of OECD countries. In order to do so, we work on indices to show the transportation infrastructure stock levels of various countries. Among several indices, we select the effective road-extension rate per population density and the effective railroad-extension rate per population density corresponding to road and railroad. We compare Korean road and railroad stock levels with those of OECD countries, to make use of the effective road-extension rate per population density and effective railroad-extension rate per population density. We choose the Britain, Greece, Portugal, and Sweden to compare Korea because their sizes of population and territory are similar to those of Korea. Using International comparison, we arrive at the conclusion that Korean road and railroad stock levels are 63.4% and 53.2% of those of four countries respectively. In addition, we estimate the target level of road and railroad stocks and compute the target level of investments in road and railroad based on the result.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.761-784
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to introduce the development trend of international standard in the innovative management system and propose the application method of the standard for SME certification system. Methods: This study is based on literature studies and case studies considering the initial stage of development of standards as well as lack of domestic and international research examples. In the literature review, we focused on the characteristics of the innovation management system standards at the national, regional and global level. We examined case studies of Spain and Portugal as case studies. Besides, the evaluation items and certification status of domestic innovative SMEs certification were also searched to find out how to introduce them in Korea. Results: The results of this study can be summarized in three major points. First, new international standards of innovation management are being developed under the ISO management system standard and are currently in the DIS stage. Second, in the case of Spain adopting the national innovation management system standard, it has been reported that the innovation management system standard has a significant effect on the innovation ability and management performance. Third, it was not easy to establish a standardized innovation process between the innovation based on creativity and the standardized based product. The Oslo manual was not enough to provide enough guidance in this area. Conclusion: Companies that want to strengthen their organizational innovation capabilities from a management system point of view and Policymakers that want to plan the upgrading and integrated certification operating system of the domestic innovation SME certification need to consider the ISO 50500 series as a global level standard other than the Oslo manual.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2021

Since its establishment in 2018, the Young Generation Network (YGN) has been dedicated, with support of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), to a variety of activities to promote communication, collaboration and professional development of students and young professionals in the area of radiation protection and its allied fields. This article reports our recent activities from the middle of 2018 to the beginning of 2021, with highlights on some important events: "Joint JHPS-SRP-KARP Workshop of Young Generation Network" (December 2019 in Japan); contribution to "Nuclear Energy Agency Workshop on Optimization: Rethinking the Art of Reasonable" (January 2020 in Portugal); survey on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on radiation protection among IRPA YGN members (March 2020); and contribution to IRPA15 (15^th International Congress of the IRPA; January-February 2021, online). The discussion and insight obtained from each activity are also summarized. The IRPA YGN will aim to achieve its on-going activities and continue to follow the ways paved in the Strategic Agenda and despite the challenges raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. Namely, running an international survey (for example, on the usage of social media in radiation protection, and on the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic), engaging national YGNs, extending the network, finding new relationships with networks with an interest in the young generation and participation in (remote) events will be aspired for.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to find the location of acupoints that are effective for increasing parasympathetic nervous system(PNS) activity among acupoints used to relieve symptoms such as dizziness and nausea. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy adult men participated in this experiment. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) was applied to P6(Neiguan), ST36(Zusanli) and BL20(Pishu) for 30 minutes. For 5 minutes before and after stimulation, Electrocardiogram(ECG), Electrodermal activity(EDA), Respiration, and Skin temperature(SKT) were measured using biosignalsplux Professional(biosignalsplux; Portugal). Paired t-test was performed for the results before and after stimulation, and a one-way ANOVA test between stimulations was performed for the rate of change before and after stimulation. Results: When each acupoint was stimulated with TENS, it was found that the PNS was generally activated. In addition, when considering the change in biosignals after stimulation, the participants stimulated with P6 showed the most consistent results. Conclusion: As a result of stimulating each acupoint, it was found that stimulating P6 can effectively increase PNS activity. These results indicate that methods of stimulating P6 may be most effective in alleviating symptoms of motion sickness.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2022

Background: The most consistently identified mortality determinants for the new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection are aging, male sex, cardiovascular/respiratory diseases, and cancer. They were determined from heterogeneous cohorts that included patients with different disease severity and previous conditions. The main goal of this study was to determine if activities of daily living (ADL) dependence measured by Barthel's index could be a predictor for COVID-19 mortality. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with a consecutive sample of 340 COVID-19 patients representing patients from all over the northern region of Portugal from October 2020 to March 2021. Mortality risk factors were determined after controlling for demographics, ADL dependence, admission time, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, and delay-time for diagnosis. Central tendency measures were used to analyze continuous variables and absolute numbers (proportions) for categorical variables. For univariable analysis, we used t test, chi-square test, or Fisher exact test as appropriate (α=0.05). Multivariable analysis was performed using logistic regression. IBM SPSS version 27 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: The cohort included 340 patients (55.3% females) with a mean age of 80.6±11.0 years. The mortality rate was 19.7%. Univariate analysis revealed that aging, ADL dependence, pneumonia, and dementia were associated with mortality and that dyslipidemia and obesity were associated with survival. In multivariable analysis, dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.71) was independently associated with survival. Age ≥86 years (pooled OR, 2.239; 95% CI, 1.100-4.559), pneumonia (pooled OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.362-6.606), and ADL dependence (pooled OR, 6.296; 95% CI, 1.795-22.088) were significantly related to mortality (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, 82.1%; p<0.001). Conclusion: ADL dependence, aging, and pneumonia are three main predictors for COVID-19 mortality in an elderly population.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.551-571
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• 2022

Xylella fastidiosa is xylem-limited bacterium capable of infecting a wide range of host plants, resulting in Pierce's disease in grapevine, citrus variegated chlorosis, olive quick decline syndrome, peach phony disease, plum leaf scald, alfalfa dwarf, margin necrosis and leaf scorch affecting oleander, coffee, almond, pecan, mulberry, red maple, oak, and other types of cultivated and ornamental plants and forest trees. In the European Union, X. fastidiosa is listed as a quarantine organism. Since its first outbreak in the Apulia region of southern Italy in 2013 where it caused devastating disease on Olea europaea (called olive leaf scorch and quick decline), X. fastidiosa continued to spread and successfully established in some European countries (Corsica and PACA in France, Balearic Islands, Madrid and Comunitat Valenciana in Spain, and Porto in Portugal). The most recent data for Europe indicates that X. fastidiosa is present on 174 hosts, 25 of which were newly identified in 2021 (with further five hosts discovered in other parts of the world in the same year). From the six reported subspecies of X. fastidiosa worldwide, four have been recorded in European countries (fastidiosa, multiplex, pauca, and sandyi). Currently confirmed X. fastidiosa vector species are Philaenus spumarius, Neophilaenus campestris, and Philaenus italosignus, whereby only P. spumarius (which has been identified as the key vector in Apulia, Italy) is also present in Americas. X. fastidiosa control is currently based on pathogen-free propagation plant material, eradication, territory demarcation, and vector control, as well as use of resistant plant cultivars and bactericidal treatments.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.63-88
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• 2016

K-Pop is hugely promoted offline/online in East Asia, while efforts to promote it elsewhere are kept to a minimum. Whilst addressing the role of digital marketing in the promotion of K-Pop in the Brazilian music industry this study aims to demonstrate that K-pop will provide its audience with a unique and engaging experience if it thinks globally and acts locally in its marketing and communication strategies. A survey of K-Pop's world fan base was carried out online with 1,074 fans to determine the validity of the hypothesis. The results have demonstrated the need to adapt global and intercultural strategies to local markets with increasing brand awareness through utilizing digital marketing. For example, to increase K-Pop's popularity and market share in Brazil, it is not required to sing in Brazilian Portuguese, contrary to what might be perceived but fully singing in English would help breaking into the market dominated by domestic music as songs would have a higher probability to be included in the international soundtrack of a Brazilian telenovela and promote the K-Pop artist not only across Brazil but also give the artist exposure in all the markets the Brazilian telenovela is exported to, opening an entry door to those markets. K-Pop audience segmentation and psychographic profiling is crucial to the understanding of each market's consumer's preferences, likes, dislikes and their buying habits as it was proven through Brazil's digital media, social media, digital music market and K-Pop market analysis within the global context of the study. It should be also considered that brand extensions are not standard everywhere and that there are cultures where different product categories are not directly associated with its main corporate owner which requires extensive local market knowledge to succeed. The primary and secondary data research that we conducted for this study intended to demonstrate that K-Pop can be successful in Brazil and in Latin America and increase their local and regional market share if digital marketing and communication strategies are tailored to each individual market.