• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1999

Even though there is no fit test regulations in Korea, in many developed countries, respirator fit testing is required before entering specific work environment to ensure that the respirator worn satisfies a minimum of fit and that the user knows when the respirator fits properly. Due to no regulation for fit test, a lot of Korean workers wearing respirators may be potentially exposed to hazards. Anthropometric test panels for testing the fit of respirators are very important to develop respirators fitted properly for Korean workers. To evaluate the fitting performance, 304 workers (272 males, 32 females) and 536 students (268 male, 268 females) were fit tested for 4 full-facepieces (2 domestic-made S, C, and 2 foreign-made T, N), 2 half masks (1 domestic-made S, and 1 foreign-made T) and 3 quarter masks (2 domestic-made S, C, and 1 foreign-made T) with PortaCount 8020. Fit factors of foreign-made masks were higher than those of domestic-made masks in all types. Males were fitted more properly than females. A facial dimension survey of 364 workers (339 males, 25 females) and 158 students (69 males, 89 females) was conducted to develop test panels for fit testing. Subjects were selected on the basis of face length and face width to wear full-facepiece masks in test. For testing half- and quarter masks, face length and lip length were used. Test panels containing 25 male-and-female subjects and 16 male subjects were respectively developed for full-facepiece, and half-and quarter masks to represent a majority of population surveyed.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1987

Authors classified 161 cases of photon defects due to the gall bladder on hepatic parenchymal scintigraphy on $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ and $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ according to the position of the gall bladder, the pattern of photon defects and the hepatobiliary diseases. The results were as follows; 1) Conocordance of $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ and $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ hepatic parenchymal images in photon defect due to the gall bladder was 94% of 32 cases. 2) The frequency according to the position of the gall bladder was in order to 68% of the gall bladder of the lower margin of the liver, 30% of the intrahepatic gall bladder and 2% of the extrahepatic gall bladder, and the frequency of the photon defects due to the gall bladder was in order to 81% of the intrahepatic gall bladder, 71% of the gall bladder of the lower margin of the liver and 20% of the extrahepatic gall bladder. 3) The pattern of the photon defects due to the gall bladder was 47% of funnel shape in the intrahepatic gall bladder, 69% of semilunar shape in the gall bladder of the lower margin of the liver and 100% of semilunar shape in the extrahepatic gall bladder. 4) All of 9 cases of the intrahepatic gall bladder at the lateral area of the right lobe and the gall bladder of the lower margin of the liver at the right hepatic angle were associated with liver cirrhosis with the right lobe atrophy and the left lobe hypertrophy, 2 cases of the gall bladder of the lower margin of the liver at just-left side of the porta hepatis with hepatoma in the right lobe and 1 case of the intrahepatic gall bladder at the central portion of the right lobe with choledochal cyst.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.176-186
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• 1996

The fit of a respirator to the face of an individual can be determined by a qualitative fit test (QLFT) or a quantitative fit test (QNFT). The pass/fail decision from a QLFT or QNFT for the same respirator on the same individual may vary from one wearing to the next, because the human facial features are complex and the respirator may not fit to the face in the same way every time it is worn. This study reports how the fit factors (FF) resulting from a QNFT on an individual vary from day to day and depend on the movements in the six fit test exercises. The reported FFs provide an objective and numerical basis (FF) which does not depend on the subject's voluntary or involuntary response. Four half-mask (H1-H4) and four full-facepiece respirators (F1-F4) were fit tested on one wearer 10 times a day for 5 days with a PortaCount (model 8010, TSI). The FFs obtained for each set of 10 fit tests on a specific day and 50 fit tests on five days involving one of the six exercise regimes have been recorded as log-normal distributions. All of the geometric standard deviations (GSD) of the overall FFs varied widely among every wearing and day except for H1 and F3, and the variability of the half-mask respirators was larger than that of the full-facepiece respirators. Among the six exercise regimes, reading or talking (RT) had markedly the lowest exercise FFs on the tested individual. Generally, there were significant differences between the first normal breathing (NB1) FFs and the remaining exercise FFs.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.820-832
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• 2021

Objectives: This study examined the case of a patient with ROS1-positive recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer treated with crizotinib and traditional Korean medicine. Methods: The patient was treated with crizotinib from January 20 2021 to May 22 2021, together with Haedogyangpye-tang and Haengso-tang. The tumor size was measured using computed tomography (CT), and adverse events were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) version 5.0. Results: After four months of combined treatment, the sizes of the lymph nodes in the porta hepatis, hepatoduodenal, retrocrural, aortocaval, and para-aortic areas had decreased, and no lymph nodes larger than 1 cm in diameter were observed. The side effects of chemotherapy also improved. Conclusions: This case study suggests that traditional Korean medicine may alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy, improve quality of life, and complement chemotherapy itself.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2022

Objectives: Fit performance may vary depending on the ambient aerosol number and ratio in respective test environment. Although several instrument can measure it, they differ with respect to the measurement principle and the range of ambient aerosols collected to calculate the fit factor. Methods: In this study, the fit performance between a condensation nuclei counter(CNC) and an optical particle counter(OPC) was compared according to ambient aerosol number concentration, and evaluated consistency. One type respirators(N95 masks) was worn by 50 participants PortaCount®(Pro+ 8038) and MT®(05U) were connected with one probe to one mask, and Fit Factors(FFs) were measured simultaneously. Results: The interclass correlation coefficient of the fit factor and ambient aerosol number, as measured by the two instrument, was 0.82 and 0.79, respectively, indicating a high consistency level. On the other hand there was a significant correlation between the successful test performance of the OPC instrument and the ambient aerosol number. Conclusions: The test was passed with the CNC and OPC instruments when the ambient aerosol number was 635-3,332 particles/cm³ and 368-1,976 particles/cm³, respectively. Thus, the ideal ambient aerosol number of particles differed between the two instrument.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.489-499
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• 2022

Purpose: The survival rate of pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation has increased considerably. Despite this, the period after transplantation is still complex and poses several challenges to the recipient's family, which is responsible for care management. Recently, more attention has been paid to the impact of this complex procedure on the quality of life of caregivers. Hence, this study is aimed at assessing the quality of life of caregivers of patients who have undergone liver transplantation and the aspects that influence it. Methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional study. From November 2020 to January 2021, short-form-36 questionnaires and additional questions were given to the main caregivers of children and adolescents who underwent pediatric liver transplantation. Results: Thirty-eight questionnaires were completed and the results revealed a lower quality of life in comparison to Brazilian standards, primarily in the mental domains (41.8±14.1 vs. 51.1±2.8; p<0.001). It did not show a significant association with socioeconomic or transplant-related factors, but it did show a negative impact on parents' perception of the child's health. Parents who reported worse health status for their children had a lower mental quality of life (44.1±13.8 vs. 33.3±12.6; p<0.05). Conclusion: The caregivers of transplanted children have a lower quality of life than those of the local population. Psychological assistance should be routinely provided to parents for long-term follow-up to mitigate potential negative effects on the transplanted child's care.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.6
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• pp.1594-1599
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• 2021

A 64-year-old male visited our emergency department due to severe right flank pain after falling from a 2-meter height. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a right hemothorax with multiple fractures in the right ribs and iliac bone. A small hematoma in the right perihepatic space was noted, but there was no hepatic laceration on CT. Initial surgical management led to continuous uncontrolled bleeding around the porta hepatis, and subsequent arterial angiography could not demonstrate a bleeding focus. However, immediate follow-up CT showed contrast extravasation on the left side of abdomen, and a percutaneous transhepatic portal venogram revealed active bleeding from the left portal vein. Although the wound was embolized with a glue, the patient suffered from a cardiac arrest and finally expired. In conclusion, during evaluation of abdominal trauma patients, portal vein bleeding and contrecoup injuries should be considered when hepatic arteriography findings are unremarkable.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2014

Purpose : Intravenous contrast medium is a substance used to enhance the contrast of normal tissues or malignant tissues within the body. For this reason, intravenous contrast media have been extensively used form treatment-planning CT. However, when the patient is receiving proton therapy, there is no contrast medium in that moment. In this study, evaluate the influence of intravenous contrast medium on proton range and Spread-Out Bragg peak(SOBP) in Treatment Planning System(TPS). Materials and Methods : Hounsfield Unit(HU) value were measured by 20 liver cancer patients with phase change. and evaluate the proton range and SOBP on 5 liver proton treatment plan. By using the hand made water phantom measure the proton range and SOBP on proton treatment plan with changing HU and Depth. Results : Changing value(Pre contrast, Arterial phase, Portal phase) in liver cancer patient were ($58{\pm}5.7$, $75{\pm}9.5$, $117{\pm}14.6$ for liver tissue) and ($40{\pm}6.1$, $279{\pm}49.0$, $154{\pm}22.8$ for aorta), respectively. The mean difference of range was 2.5mm and SOBP was 1.4mm according to HU change. In phantom study, proton range was shorter and SOBP was narrowed with increasing HU. Conclusion : We verify that HU change lead to range and SOBP change in TPS. Additional study is required to verify that change of HU make range and SOBP be changed in actual substance.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2002

Purpose : To validate the arthroscopic synovectomy for the treatment of hemophilic knee. Materials and Methods: From January 1996 to January 2001, 28 arthroscopic synovectolny were performed in 26 patients with hemophilic arthropathy of the knee. The mean age was 17.8 years. The mean follow-up period was 3 years 11 months. We used six portals (two anterior, two suprapatellar and two posterior) and posterior trans-septal portal in all cases. Result : The mean frequency of hemarthrosis was 4 times per month preoperatively and 2 postoperatively. The mean amount of factor replacement was 4,633 units preoperatively and 1,505 postoperatively. The mean range of motion was $112^{\circ}$ preoperatively and $107^{\circ}$ postoperatively. On radiographic evaluation, three cases were progressed at the latest follow-up. On the subjective evaluation, significant or moderate improvement were in 19 cases $(68\%)$, and no improvement or deterioration in 9 cases $(32\%)$. Conclusion : With complete synovectomy through the appropriate arthroscopic portals, arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee in hemophilic patients is the successful method in decreasing bleeding episodes, amount of factor replacement, knee pain and preventing or delaying onset of end-stage hemophilic arthropathy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.45-45
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• 2017

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, is one of the most important pests of stored food in the food processing industry worldwide. To control the Indian meal moth, methyl bromide, phosphine, high carbon dioxide, sulfuryl fluoride and plant essential oil fumigation have been considered. However, these treatments have disadvantages. For example, depleting the ozone layer, showing resistance in insect, low control efficacy or need high cost for treatment. Chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) is strong disinfectant and insecticide. The gas caused a malfunction in enzymes. The oxidative stress induced by $ClO_2$ gas treatment damaged to a physiological system and all life stages of P. interpunctella. The gaseous $ClO_2$ is a convincing alternative to methyl bromide for controlling P. interpunctella. The gaseous $ClO_2$ was generated by a chlorine dioxide generator (PurgoFarm Co., Ltd., Hwasung, Korea). It generated highly pure $ClO_2$ gas and the gas blown out through a vent into a test chamber. Gas entry to the chamber was automatically controlled and monitored by a PortaSene II gas leak detector (Analytical Technology, Collegeville, PA, USA). The properly prepared eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of P. interpunctella were used in this experiment. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Percentage data were statistically analyzed after arcsine-root transformation. Analysis of variance was performed using general linear model, and means were separated by the least significant difference test at P < 0.05. Fumigation is an effective management technique for controlling all stages of P. interpunctella. We found that $ClO_2$ gas treatment directly effects on egg, larvae, pupae and adults of P. interpunctella. The gas treatment with proper concentration for over a day achieved 100 % mortality in all stages of P. interpunctella and short time treatment or low concentration gas treatment results showed that the egg hatchability, pupation rate, and adult emergency rate were lowered compare with untreated control. Also, abnormal pupae or adult rate were increased. Gaseous $ClO_2$ treatment induced insecticidal reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it resulted in fatal oxidative stress in P. interpunctella. Taken together, these results showed that exposure proper concentration and time of the gas control all stages of P. interpunctella by inducing fatal oxidative stress. Further studies will be required to apply the gas treatment under real-world condition and to understanding physiological reaction in P. interpunctella caused by oxidative stress.