• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.153-162
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• 2006

The objective of this paper is to quickly examine the prosperity of a marine transportation system ana port development in the Han river Estuary and Yellow Sea border areas and to establish a cooperative management plan for the development of marine transportation and port service for cargo transportation in Seoul. as well as between South Korea and North Korea. Specifically. a development plan with a sincere effort to preserve the environment surrounding Marine Peace Park. The intent is to prove that prosperity is possible through the development of marine transportation and port service.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.167-176
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• 2004

The authors have newly developed the “Port Traffic Management System (PTMS)”. The PTMS provides each ship with the detailed planned routes of all the ships entering/leaving the port. This system also has a function to predict the encounter situations between own ship and other ships in the future. Based on information of the present positions, speeds and planned routes of the own ship and other ships, it is possible to predict when and where the own ship will have dangerous encounters with other ships in the future. The software of PTMS was developed from 2001. Then onboard experiments using small training ships equipped with actual AIS were performed in June 2003. From the results of these onboard experiments, the usefulness of PTMS was clarified. In addition to these onboard experiments, the effectiveness of PTMS was confirmed by comprehensive simulator experiments. In the simulator experiments, captains/pilot maneuvered a training ship/container ship in congested waters using PTMS. [t was assumed that all ships have PTMS and send their planned routes. After the simulator experiments, captains/pilot suggested that it is very beneficial if the optimal route of own ship can be automatically calculated. In response to this suggestion, software to calculate the optimal route of own ship using Dynamic Programming was developed. This software calculates the minimum time route from the present position to the destination keeping the danger of collision against other ships under predetermined level. From the result of calculations for multi-encounter situations, it was confirmed that the developed software can provide safe and time-saving route.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.518-521
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• 2016

Korea is surrounded on three sides by the sea, through the maritime transportation accounts for close to 90% share in the total cargo volume. In addition, there are amount of small and medium-sized fishing vessels registered. These days, a number of maritime accidents caused many casualties and having an adverse effect on the marine environment. Therefore, there is a need for a maritime traffic control has been increasing. Information about the ship is divided into AIS information for VTS, Port Management Information System (Port-MIS) operated by the Port and vessels pass (VPASS) that are installed on fishing. However, there is a problem that is not achieved the information exchanged between each other. That is, information on the vessel are stored in diverse inefficient in the management, operation and utilization. This paper discusses the ways to efficiently manage and integrate vessels information for VTS, and proposes the method for implementation and application.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.193-205
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• 2021

The importance of forests and trees in climate change mitigation and soil nutrient cycling cannot be overemphasized. This study assessed the above-ground carbon stock of two exotic and two indigenous tree species - Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Khaya grandifoliola and Nauclea diderrichii and their litter impact on soil nutrient content of an arboretum within the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Data were collected from equal sample plots from the four species' compartments. Tree growth variables including total height, diameter at breast height, crown height, crown diameter and merchantable height were measured for the estimation of above-ground carbon stock. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm from each compartment and analyzed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, Manganese, Iron, Copper and Zinc. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference (p<0.05) in the carbon contents of the four species and the soil nutrient contents of the different species' compartments. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationships between the carbon contents, growth parameters and soil parameters. The highest and lowest carbon stock per hectare was observed for G. arborea (151.52 t.ha^-1) and K. grandifoliola (45.45 t.ha^-1) respectively. Cation exchange capacity and base saturation were highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and K. grandifoliola respectively. The pH was highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and T. grandis respectively. Carbon stock correlated positively with dbh, crown diameter, merchantable height and Zn and negatively with base saturation. The study revealed that G. arborea and N. diderrichii can effectively be used for reforestation and afforestation programmes aimed at climate change mitigation across Nigeria. Therefore, policies to encourage and enhance their planting should be encouraged.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2021

This study evaluated the species composition, diversity and phorophyte preference of epiphytes at the University of Port Harcourt located in southern part of Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select sites representing major avenues in the three campuses (Abuja, Choba and Delta) of the University. Data were collected on species name of phorophytes, number of individuals, diameter at breast height (dbh) and height, and species/number of epiphytes present on them. The points/sections of attachment of epiphytes on phorophytes were also recorded. A total of eight species of epiphyte belonging to six families were recorded in the study. Species diversity was higher in Abuja campus (Simpson 1-D=0.81; Shannon H=1.79), followed by Choba campus (Simpson 1-D=0.73; Shannon H=1.09) and Delta campus (Simpson 1-D=0.56; Shannon H=0.93). Species richness was highest in Abuja campus (n=8) followed by Delta campus (n=4) and Choba campus (n=3). Similarity in epiphyte species composition was highest between Choba and Delta campuses (85.71%), followed by Delta and Abuja campuses (66.67%) and lowest between Choba and Abuja campuses (54.55%). The family-Polypodiaceae, had the highest number of species (n=3). Microgramma owariensis had the highest relative abundance (27%) followed by Platycerium bifurcatum (26%) while Tillandsia utriculata and Peperomia pellucida had the least relative abundance (3%). Epiphyte abundance was weakly correlated with both the dbh and height of phorophytes. However, epiphytes were more abundant on phorophytes with rough/scaly/corky/flaky barks than on those with smooth barks. The planting of avenue tree species with rough barks is recommended to enhance the diversity of epiphytes in the study area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.266-271
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• 2003

Many port states such as New Zealand. the USA. Australia and Canada have strict regulations to prevent ships which arrive in their port from discharging polluted ballast water which contain harmful aquatic organism and pathogens. They are notified that transfer of polluted ballast water can cause serious injury to public health and damage to property and environment. For this reason. they perceived that the ballast exchange in deep sea is the most effective method. together with submitting the ballast management plan which contains the effective exchange method. ballast system and safety consideration. In this study, we make an effort to develop optimum ballast water exchange management and in result of that. it provide more convenient and stable process to prepare ballast water management plan for Bulk Carrier.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.59-61
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• 2019

In unmanned lighthouse unmanned construction, it is necessary to establish a standardized system for efficient management and operation, and RTU standard protocols for condition monitoring and control are used to efficiently manage rotary lighters as the management system for the most important lighthouses. It is enacted to ensure the safety of maritime traffic through efficient management.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.323-332
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• 1999

The bus should supply an equal service to the whole community as feeder trip. However the existing bus route can not supply an effective feeder service in spite of the changes in the latent demand by the variety of regional structural change. This study aimed to establish the concept which frames the bus operation and management to cope with the latent demand to the bus. This study tackled this evidence by analyzing the transportation problems in terms of the urban growth emphasizing the following issues ; First, the strategy to improve the bus operation Second the land use control appropriate for the public transportation network Third economical range to justify the bus operation Second, the land use control appropriate for the public transportation network Third, economical range to justify the bus operation Fourth, the allowance for the private transportation mode On the latter part, the difference on the bus operation was compared to determine the range within which the bus operation could be justified. This study would provide some implications to improve the management for bus operation and fundamental information to develop the bus operation system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.119-121
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• 2018

We intend to improve the navigation system integrated management system that is constructed and operated to meet the changes in marine traffic environment and prevent large-scale marine casualties and human casualties by applying the standard specification of integrated management system of marine traffic facilities in 2012. I t reuses the existing system resources and improves the operating software and standardizes the system installation to facilitate operation and maintenance.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.295-307
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• 2007

The statistics of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal and Japan Marine Accidents Inquiry Agency shows that the major muses of collision at sea are Improper lookout and Non-compliance with marine traffic rules. Those two muses are occupying more than 70% of collision, and it's clear that those muses are undoubtedly closely related to simple human error. In this paper we tried to find out the root muses of this kind of human error of OOWs(officers on watch) through risk identification method and studied how to tackle them via risk control theory. In conclusion, the measures studied in this paper could be applied to help OOWs avoid their own human error as well as be used in shipping company for their fleets' safety management.