• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1108-1114
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• 2007

The effect of oxidizer injection angle on the combustion characteristics of end-burning hybrid combustor is numerically investigated. Besides the previously studied parameter(injector arrangement, port diameter and O/F ratio), three different injection angle are considered: parallel angle to fuel surface(Case 1), +30 degree inclined angle toward the fuel(Case 2) and 30 degree inclined angle toward the nozzle(Case 3). It is found that Case 2 has the best mixing pattern in the upstream area but has the worst combustion efficiency since non negligible amount of unburned fuel is expelled from the nozzle. In contrast, though Case 1 and Case 3 showed relatively low mixing effect than the Case 2, they had high combustion efficiency. The comparison of numerical results between Case 1 and Case 3 demonstrate that no major difference is encountered, however, Case 1 is expected to have the best combustion efficiency due to the low residence time of the Case 3 injector which heads toward the nozzle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.56-62
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• 2008

A synthetic gas reformed from hydrocarbon-based fuels consists of $H_2$, CO and $N_2$. Hydrogen contained in the synthetic gas is a very useful species in chemical processes, due to its wide flammability range and fast burning speed. The ESGI (Exhaust Synthetic Gas Injection) technology is developed to shorten the light-off time of three way catalysts through combustion of the synthetic gas in the exhaust manifold during the cold start period of SI engines. Before the ESGI technology is applied to the test engine, the authors set a test rig that consists of gas temperature and composition controllers, an exhaust pulse generator and an exhaust manifold with a visualization window, in order to optimize the point and conditions of injection of the synthetic gas. Through measuring burned gas temperatures and taking photographs of synthetic gas combustion at the outlet of the exhaust manifold, the authors tried to find the optimal injection point and conditions. Analysis of burned gas composition has been performed for various $O_2$ concentrations. As a result, when the synthetic gas is injected at the port outlet of the cylinder No. 4 and $O_2$ concentration exceeds 4%, combustion of the synthetic gas is strong and effective in the exhaust manifold.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 2014

Tip vortex cavitation (TVC) is important for naval ships and research vessels that require raising the cavitation inception speed to maximum possible values. The concepts for alleviating the tip vortex are summarized by Platzer and Souders (1979), who carried out a thorough literature survey. Active control of TVC involves the injection of a polymer or water from the blade tip. The main effect of such mass injection (both water and polymer solutions) into the vortex core is an increase in the core radius, consequently delaying TVC inception. However, the location of the injection port needs to be selected with great care in order to ensure that the mass injection is effective in delaying TVC inception. In the present study, we propose a semi-active control scheme that is achieved by attaching a thread at the propeller tip. The main idea of a semi-active control is that because of its flexibility, the attached thread can be sucked into the low-pressure region closer to the vortex core center. An experimental study using a scale model was carried out in the cavitation tunnel at the Seoul National University. It was found that a flexible thread can effectively suppress the occurrence of TVC under the design condition for a model propeller.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.619-626
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• 2016

The new 1.4 L turbocharged LPG direct injection (T-LPDI) engine is presented in this paper to improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicles installed with the 2.0 L LPG port fuel injection (LPI) engine, while maintaining the performance as a downsizing concept for the new engine platform development. Firstly, the return type high pressure LPG fuel supply system is designed and mounted in the new 1.4 L T-LPDI engine. As a result, this new engine shows a much better WOT performance and approximately 8 % of improved fuel economy level, as compared to the 2.0 L LPI vehicle. Secondly, the LPDI engine specific optimized design for high pressure fuel components and fuel injection control strategies are proposed and evaluated in order to overcome the restartability problem in a heat-soaked condition called the vapor lock phenomenon. Consequently, these experimental results illustrate a great potential for the developed 1.4 L T-LPDI engine as a possible substitute for the 2.0 L LPI engine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1285-1293
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• 2000

In port fuel injection system of SI engines, injected fuel is impinged onto the surface of intake valves and port-wall, and then formed the wall flow under the cold start operation. Wall flows entrained into the cylinder result in the unsteady and nonuniform mixture formation. Therefore, the spray impingement to the wall is considered as having negative influences such as lowering combustion efficiency and causing unburned hydrocarbon emissions. This study investigates the spray characteristics of the wall impinging air-assist spray in suction air flow. A PDPA was used to analyze the flow characteristics under the different conditions such as impingement angle and supplied air. Experimental data concerning the impinging sprays has been obtained in the vicinity of the wall. Measured droplets divided into the pre-impinging droplets which denote as the positive normal velocities and post-impinging droplets that describe as the negative normal velocities for the suction flow. Their velocities, size distributions and SMD are comparatively analyzed before and after the impingement.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2004

The flow characteristics of a swirl injector were investigated with the variation of the flow condition and geometric dimensions, such as orifice length for considering the viscous effect and tangential entry port area for considering the swirl intensity. The liquid film thickness strongly influencing on the formed drop size of the spray was measured using a new technique. The film thickness measurement technique proposed here, used the attenuation of fluorescence signal near the injector exit. The breakup length that is important for the flame location as well as the spray cone angle which influences on the ignition performance was measured using a backlit stroboscopic photography technique. From the experimental results, it is found that an increase in injection pressure decreased the film thickness and breakup length, and also enlarged the spray cone angle. A decrease in orifice length and tangential entry port area has a similar tendency of thinner film thickness, shorter breakup length and larger spray cone angle. In the present study, we proposed empirical models of the flow characteristics of the swirl injectors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.112-120
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• 2005

The injector, which is used in a 4-valve gasoline engine, is required to be maintained the dual stream because of the design of dual intake port. In addition, the spray characteristics of fuel injector have strong influence on engine performance, exhaust emission, fuel consumption, and especially the cold start condition for the port injection. So, commercial gasoline injectors off different type were inspected. Those are 2 hole,4 hole, air shroud 4 hole, and air shroud 4 hole injector with separator. The spray behavior of dual stream was researched by the visualization system and PDPA system was employed to measure the droplet size. Atomization is one of the most important characteristic, so droplet size distributions and SMD are investigated. And the spray characteristics of each injector are also analyzed such as the spray tip penetration, spray angle, and separation angle.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2005

The effect of fuel injection spray on engine performance has been known as one of the major concerns for improving fuel economy and reducing emissions. In general, reducing the spray droplet size could prevent HC emission in gasoline engine. As far as PFI (Port Fuel Injection) gasoline engine is concerned, the mixture of air and fuel may not be uniform under a certain condition, because breakup and production of spray droplets are made in a short distance between the fuel injector and intake valve. This study, by constituting PFI gasoline spray system, was performed to study the transient spray characteristics and dynamic behavior of droplets from 2hole 2spray type injector used in DOHC gasoline engine. Mean droplet size and optical concentration in accordance with various conditions were measured by LDPA and CCD camera. Through this study, the variation of drop size and optical concentration could be used for understanding the behavior of unsteady spray was declared and the existing the small droplets between each pulse spray could be estimated caused to the development of wall film was conformed.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 1999

The present study investigated the forms and behaviors of fuel during intake and compression process, and the initial flame stability in a lean burn engine modified as a single cylinder engine equipped with quartz windows for visualization. PLIF(Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence) method with KrF Excimer laser was used for measuring the fuel distributions. The principal design concept of the lean burn nin in this study is the axial stratification in the fuel distribution via fuel injection during intake process and different shapes of intake ports; helical and straight. The experiments showed that fuel flowed in as a vapor state in the early part of intake process and lots of this mixture mated down along the intake valve side cylinder wall, but in the latter part, a lot of fuel flowed in as a liquid state and this fuel stayed in the upper part of cylinder, after that the dense fuel cloud moved upward in the early of part compression process. It became clear that the fuel flowed in via straight port had a important role in the axial fuel stratification.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.672-679
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• 2007

The combustion characteristics of a liquefied petroleum gas-di-methyl ether (LPG-DME) compression ignition engine was investigated under homogeneous charge and stratified charge conditions. LPG was used as the main fuel and injected into the combustion chamber directly. DME was used as an ignition promoter and injected into the intake port. Different LPG injection timings were tested to verify the combustion characteristics of the LPG-DME compression ignition engine. The combustion was divided into three region which are homogeneous charge, stratified charge, and diffusion flame region according to the injection timing of LPG. The hydrocarbon emission of stratified charge combustion was lower than that of homogeneous charge combustion. However, the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emission of stratified charge combustion were slightly higher than those of the homogeneous charge region. The indicated mean effective pressure was reduced at stratified charge region, while it was almost same level as the homogeneous charge combustion region at diffusion combustion region. The start of combustion timing of the stratified charge combustion and diffusion combustion region were advanced compared to the homogeneous charge combustion. It attributed to the higher cetane number and mixture temperature distribution which locally stratified. However, the knock intensity was varied as the homogeneity of charge was increased.