• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of addition of mugwort powder and carcass grade on the quality characteristics of pork patty. Pork patties prepared from A patty(grade B pork patty), B patty(grade B pork patty containing mugwort powder), C patty(grade E pork patty) and D patty(grade E pork patty containing mugwort powder). The chemical composition, calorie, residual nitrite, surface color, textural properties, water holding capacity and sensory evaluation were evaluated. Moisture contents(%) were not different among patties, and crude fat(%) and calorie values of patties prepared from grade B pork meat were higher than those of patties prepared from grade E pork meat. Crude ash contents(%) were not different among patties, and residual nitrite contents(ppm) of patties containing mugwort powder were lower than those of patties without mugwort powder. Hunter L and b values of patties prepared from grade B pork meat were higher than those of patties prepared from grade E pork meat, and Hunters a values of patties prepared from grade E pork meat were higher than those of patties prepared from grade B pork meat. Hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness values of patties prepared from grade B pork meat were lower than those of patties prepared from grade E pork meat. Aroma, taste, texture, juiciness, color and palatability values were not different among patties.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.198-203
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mugwort podwer and carcass grade on the shelf-life of pork patty. Pork patty was prepared by four types such as grade B pcrk patty without mugwort powder (A patty), grade B pork patty with mugwort podwer (B patty), grade I pork patty without mugwort powder (C patty) and grade E pork patty with mugwort powder (D patty) and the residual nitrite, surface color, pH, VBN (volatile basic nitrogen), TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and total bacterial counts of the sample were determined during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$. The residual nitrite of pork patties with mugwort powder was highly decreased until storage for 2 weeks, pork patties without mugwort powder highly decreased until storage for 4 weeks, therefore addition of mugwort powder reduced residual nitrite of pork patty. The L＊ value of pork patty was the highest at early stage of storage, pork patties with mugwort powder were lower than that of pork patties without mugwort powder, and grade B pork patties were higher than that of the grade I pork patties. The a value of grade I pork patties were higher than that of grade B pork patties, and changes during storage were no significant difference. The b value of grade B pork patties were higher than that of grade I pork patties. The pH of pork patties decreased during storage. The VBN, TBARS and total bacterial counts added significantly during storage, and the addition of mugwort powder were not affected during storage.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.91-96
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of addition of red wine on the water holding capacity, surface color, pH, TBARS value, VBN content and total bacterial counts of pork patties during cold storage. Pork patties were prepared by four type such as pork patty without red wine (control), pork paoy containing red wine 1% (RW-1), pork patty containing red wine 3% (RW-3) and pork patty containing red wine 5% (RW-5). The water holding capacity was increased significantly during cold storage, but was not influenced by addition of red wine (p<0.05). The $L^*$ (lightness), $a^*$ (redness) and $b^*$ (yellowness) value was low by addition of red wine, was decreased during cold storage (p<0.05). The pH of pork patties were tend to increased with increase in cold storage period, the pH of RW-3 and RW-5 were significantly lower compared to control and RW-1 (p<0.05). The TBARS value of pork patties were tend to increased with increase in cold storage period, by increasing the amount of addition of red wine, the TBARS value were tend to decreased (p<0.05). The VBN content and total bacterial counts of pork patties were tend to increased with increase in cold storage period, and by increasing the amount of addition of red wine, the VBN content and total bacterial counts were tend to decreased during cold storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of adding wine on the quality and palatability of pork patties. Pork patties were prepared by four types: pork patty without wine (control), pork patty containing wine 1% (WP-1), pork patty containing wine 3% (WP-2), and pork patty containing wine 5% (WP-3). Moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, Hunter's $a^*$ value, calorie, water holding capacity, VBN content, total bacterial counts, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, flavor, texture, and juiciness were not significantly different among the pork patties. The $L^*\;and\;b^*$ values of the control patty was higher than those of the WP-1, WP-2, and WP-3 (p<0.05). The pH and TBARS value of the WP-2 and WP-3 were lower than those of the control patty and WP-1 (p<0.05). The total amino acid content of the control patty, WP-1, WP-2, and WP-3 were 18.29, 17.83, 17.85, and 17.37%, respectively. Palmitic acid was the most abundant among saturated fatty acids while oleic acid was the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid in the four groups. The taste and palatability of the WP-2 and WP-3 were superior to the control patty and WP-1 (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2000

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on physico-chemical properties of cooked ground pork patty were investigated for 11 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Pork patties containing 0, 1, 2, and 3% CLA were cooked at $90^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The contents of crude protein and fat did not change whereas the content of ash and water decreased as the level of CLA enhanced. Lipid oxidation as measured by thiobarbituric reactive substances of patty was inhibited by addition of CLA. CLA treatment also reduced nitrite and cholesterol content and changed fatty acid composition. Consequently, given these positive effects of CLA, it may be assumed that CLA could be used as a fat additive for value-added pork patty.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.262-273
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effect of nanoemulsion (NEM) on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of pork patty to improve texture for elderly members of the population. Hence, we prepared pork patties supplemented with different of liquid materials: water; oil and water; oil, water, and surfactants; and nanoemulsion. The emulsion itself was characterized and the physicochemical properties of the pork patties, including pH, water content, cooking loss, thawing loss, liquid holding capacity, color, and texture, were analyzed. The size of NEM was 165.70±9.32 nm and NEM had high ζ-potential value indicating that it is stable. NEM patties had the lowest cooking and thawing losses, and the highest liquid retention, all of which affected the tenderness of the patties. Color of the patty was also affected by the addition of NEM. The highest lightness and yellowness and the lowest redness were observed (p<0.05). NEM patties had the lowest values for all texture attributes indicating improved tenderness. Our results demonstrate that NEM has positive effects on pork patties and can help to tenderize food products designed for the elderly. With further study, NEM could be a candidate tenderization agent in the meat industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.586-591
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effect on quality of low fat pork patties containing various hydrocoloids such as sodium alginate, carboxymethy1 cellulose (CMC) and zanthan gum. Moisture contents of raw, cooked and reheated patties of control patty (20% fat) were lower than those of the hydrocolloids-added patties, and fat content patties was higher than other patties. Colors of raw and reheated patties were not different among four kinds of patties, but L-value of cooked patty adding sodium alginate and b-value of control patty were low significantly in comparison with other patties. Cooking and final yield of hydrocolloids-added patties was high significantly in comparison with control patty. Fat retention of cooked control patty was lower than hydrocolloids-added patties, and fat retentions of retention four kinds of patties were 89.7~93.1%. Hardness of cooked and reheated patties adding xanthan gum was low significantly in comparison with other patties, and chewiness was high in theorder of control patty, CMC, sodium alginate and xanthan gum. In case of water holding capacity, cooked and reheated hydrocolloids-added patties, and juiciness was superior in the order of xanthan gum, sodium alginate, CMC and control patty. On the whole, textural and sensory characteristics of patties containing hydrocolloids were superior to control patty.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of bovine plasma protein (PP) hydrolysates on the antioxidant and quality properties of pork patties during storage. Pork patties were divided into 4 groups: without butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and PP hydrolysates (control), 0.02% BHT (T1), 1% PP hydrolysates (T2), and 2% PP hydrolysates (T3). Pork patty supplemented with PP hydrolysates had higher pH values and lower weight loss during cooking than the control patties. Results showed that lightness and hardness both decreased upon the addition of PP hydrolysates. All samples containing BHT and PP hydrolysates had reduced TBARS and peroxide values during storage. In particular, 2% PP hydrolysates were more effective in delaying lipid oxidation than were the other treatments. It was concluded that treatment with 2% PP hydrolysates can enhance the acceptance of pork patty.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.242-253
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• 2017

This study was performed to evaluate antioxidant activity of tomato powder extracted by various concentrations of ethanol (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) and to evaluate the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of pork patties with ethanol extracted tomato (EET) powder. No differences in the contents of total of individual phenolic compounds including gallic acid and catechin, were observed among the treatments (p>0.05). Among the various concentrations, 50% and 75% EET powder showed the highest free radical scavenging and iron chelating activities (p<0.05). Lipid peroxidation was retarded in linoleic acid emulsion with the addition of 50% and 75% EET powder (0.1%). Based on the model study, five pork patties were actually manufactured; control patty, reference patty with 0.01% of butylated hydroxytoluene, patty with 1% of water extracted tomato (WET), and patties with 0.5 and 1.0% of EET. Addition of 1% WET and EET decreased pH value, and increased redness values of pork patties, as compared to the control (p<0.05). Pork patties with WET (1.0%) and EET (0.5% and 1.0%) had lower 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values compared with control patties after 7 d of storage (p<0.05). Pork patties containing EET powder showed lower total bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae counts than control patties (p<0.05). In conclusion, WET and EET (50%) could be used as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in meat products.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.610-622
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the natural antioxidant activity of raw garlic (RG), aged black garlic (AG), and garlic fermented with Bacillus subtilis (FG) extracts on pork patty lipid oxidation throughout refrigerated storage. The total polyphenol, total flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity of three different types of garlic extracts were measured. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of AG was significantly higher than that of FG and RG; FG also showed a significantly higher total phenolic content than that of RG (p<0.05). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of AG and FG was significantly higher than that of RG and that of AG was significantly higher than that of FG (p<0.05). To investigate the effect of processed garlic extracts on pork patty lipid oxidation, freeze-dried extracts of RG, FG, and AG were added to the patties at levels of 0.5% (w/w). Patties containing 0.01% (w/w) ascorbic acid (AA) and patties without treatment (CON) were compared with patties containing garlic extracts. The pH value, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value, and volatile basic nitrogen value of pork patties containing AG and FG extracts were significantly decreased compared to the other groups (CON, AA, and RG; p<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that AG and FG extracts possess strong antioxidative activity and can serve as natural antioxidative additives to prevent pork patty lipid oxidation.