• Carbon letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 2005

Plasma polymerization of allylamine subsequently after plasma pre-treatment was conducted on the activated carbon fibers (ACFs) for the immobilization of amine groups in the surface of ACFs. The change of structural properties of ACFs with respect to different polymerization conditions was investigated through BET method. The change of surface morphologies of ACFs with respect to different plasma polymerization power was also studied through AFM. It was found that the structural properties such as specific surface area and micropore volume could be optimized under certain plasma deposition conditions. It was reckoned that treatment and deposition showed adverse effect on plasma polymerization, in which the former developed the micro-structures of the ACFs and the latter tended to block the micro pores. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the poly(allylamine) was successfully immobilized on the surface of ACFs and the amount of the deposited polymer layer was related to the plasma polymerization power. SEM results showed that the plasma deposited polymer layer were small and homogenously distributed. The size and the distribution of particles deposited were closely related to the plasma polymerization power, too.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2005

In order to develop a dye coloring technology on Conchiolin layer in cultured pearls, appropriate dyes were selected, their solubilities in various solvents were studied, and adsorption and desorption experiments were performed. Solubilities of several basic dyes known to suitable for the pearl coloring, i.e., Rhodamine 6G(R6), Rhodamine B(RB) and Methylene Blue(MB), in several solvents (distilled water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone) were investigated. Among these dyes, R6 was chosen as a dye for single component adsorption and desorption experiment due to the relatively good solubility in various solvents tested. Solubilities of dyes were judged to be enough to color the pearls since dye concentrations in pearl coloring are, in general, not so high. The internal surface area of the pearl layer is believed to be directly related to the dye adsorption, the single-point internal surface area of the pearl layer measured at the nitrogen relative pressure of 0.3 was found to be $0.913m^2/g$, and the BET internal surface area, $1.01m^2/g$ The most probable diameters of micropores and macropores were found to be $40{\AA}$and $5000{\AA}$ respectively, from the pore size distribution data. Adsorption isotherm was well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, resulting in q=$\frac{1.62C}{1+1.09C^{.}}$

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.929-939
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• 2007

Red mud is a waste generated by the aluminium industry, and its disposal is a major problem for this industry. Red mud has a reddish-brown color and superfine particle characteristics. So, it can be a promising pigment admixture for concrete industry. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the potential use of red mud in color concrete. The micro structures of red mud and iron oxide pigment such as porosity, pore size distribution, diameter of particle were analyzed with the aid of SEM, X-ray diffraction(XRD), and the infrared absorbance. Tests on physical properties of color concrete, such as strength, slump, early shrinkage crack patterns, and color characteristics were carried out and the results were reported in this paper.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

In-situ lithiated NiO has been manufactured as a conventional cathode material of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), however this material has a weakness for commercialization of MCFC because NiO is spontaneously dissolved into the electrolyte under MCFC operating conditions, resulting in short circuit between cathode and anode. In this research, therefore, $Co(OH)_2$-coated Ni powder was prepared by precipitation method with controlling pH at low temperature and atmospheric pressure. Modified cathode was fabricated by a conventional tape casting method and sintered at 700$^{\circ}C$ in a $H_2/N_2$ atmosphere, Based on characterization result, Pore size distribution and porosity was suitable for the cathode of MCFC. According to the result of dissolution, Ni solubility of modified cathode was 33% lower than that of conventional cathode. In addition, modified electrode showed a good performance from the single cell operation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2010

이미지를 이용한 도공층 구조 분석은 도공층의 실제 Morphology를 분석하여 평가하는 방법으로서 최근 세밀한 도공층 구조 분석을 위해 이 방법에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히 이러한 방법은 수은압입법(Mercury intrusion)이나 질소흡착법 (Nitrogen adsorption by BJH theory) 등과 같은 기존의 공극 특성 평가 방법과 달리 pore aspect ratio 및 orientation 등과 같은 공극 dimension을 평가할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이러한 공극 dimension은 size distribution 및 porosity와 더불어 인쇄, 라미네이션 접착 등과 같은 Liquid interfacial 및 침투 측면에서 중요한 요소이기 때문에 이를 평가하기 위한 적합한 방법으로 인식되고 있다. 또, 원지 부분과 도공층 간의 경계를 명확하게 보여주고 Surface와 Cross-section 영역을 구분하여 평가 할 수 있어 더 명확한 평가를 가능하게 한다. 본 연구에서는 이미지 분석을 통해 도공액 구성 조건에 따른 도공층의 공극 구조 특성을 평가 하였고 일부 요소에 대해서는 수은 압입법과 비교 평가하여 이미지 분석법과의 상관성에 대해 고찰 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 FE (Field Emission)-SEM은 일반 SEM과 달리 전압에 의한 높은 전기장의 형성을 통해 저 가속 전압으로 이미지를 구현하는 장비로서 본 연구에서는 FE-SEM을 통해 도공층의 세밀한 Morphology와 공극 구조 이미지를 구현할 수 있었다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.289-301
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• 2017

The synergistic interactions of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) with ordinary portland cement (OPC) in multi-blended systems could enhance the mechanical and durability properties of concrete and increase the amount of cement that can be replaced. In this study, the characteristics of the hydration products as well as paste microstructure of blended cement containing 20% coal fly ash, 10% rice hull ash and 10% sugar mill lime sludge in quaternary blended system was investigated. Portlandite content, hydration products, compressive strength, pore size distribution and microstructural architecture of hydrated blended cement pastes were examined. The quaternary blended cement paste showed lower compressive strength, reduced amount of Portlandite phases, and higher porosity compared to plain hardened cement paste. The interaction of SCMs with OPC influenced the hydration products, resulting to the formation of ettringite and monocarboaluminate phases. The blended cement paste also showed extensive calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminate silicate hydrates but unrefined compared to plain cement paste. In overall, the expected synergistic reaction was significantly hindered due to the low quality of supplementary cementitious materials used. Hence, pre-treatments of SCMs must be considered to enhance their reactivity as good quality SCMs can become limited in the future.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 1997

This study was conducted by L9 orthogonal array to obtain optimum spray parameters for This study was conducted by L9 orthogonal array to obtain optimum spray parameters for $Cr_3C_2 - 7wt%$(80wt%Ni-20wt%Cr) coating powder. The factors were hydrogen flow rate, oxygen flow rate, gun-to-work distance, powder feed rate. And evaluation methods for the coating were surface roughness, oxygen concentration, micro-hardness, pore size and distribution, low angle ($30^{\circ}$) erosion rate, and microstructure of coating. The optimum HVOF spray conditions were proved as follows : hydroen flow rate ; 681 SLPM, oxygen flow rate ; 215 SLPM $H^2/O^2 ratio= 3.16), gun-to-work distance ; 22cm, powder feed rate; 25g/min. The hardness (Hv300) was 1147 and the erosion rate ($30^{\circ}$degree) was $3.16\times10^{-4}$g/g. It is believed that the optimized spray conditions can be improved the wear-resistance and anti-erosion characteristics of the coating.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.320-325
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• 2013

TUnitized reversible fuel cells (URFC) combine the functionality of a fuel cell and electrolyzer in one unitized device. For a URFC with proton exchange membrane, a titanium (Ti)-felt is applied to the gas diffusion layer (GDL) substrate at the oxygen electrode, and additionally titanium (Ti)-powders and TiN-powders are loaded in the GDL substrate as a micro porous layer (MPL). Double porous layer with TiN MPL was not acceptable for the URFC because both of fuel cell performance and electrolysis performance are degraded. The double porous layer with Ti-powder loading in the Ti-felt substrate influence rearly for the electrolysis performance. In contrast, the change of pore-size distribution brings a significant improvement of fuel cell performance under fully humidification conditions. This fact indicates that the hydrophobic meso-pores in the GDL play an important role for mass transport.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.553-559
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• 2010

The synthesis behavior of nanoporous silica aerogel in the macroporous ceramic structure was observed using TEOS as a source material and glycerol as a DCCA(dry control chemical additive). Silica aerogel in the macroporous ceramic structure were synthesized through a sono-gel process. The wet gel in the macroporous ceramic structure were aged in ethanol for 72 h at $50^{\circ}C$. The aged wet gel was dried under supercritical drying condition. The addition of glycerol has a role of giving the uniform pore size distribution. The reproducibility of aerogel in the macroporous ceramic was improved in the glycerol(0.05 mol%) added to the silica sol and TEOS : $H_2O$=1 : 12.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.267-275
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• 2018

A facile method for the preparation of nitrogen-doped microporous carbon via the pyrolysis of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) using polypyrrole (PPy) as a selective nitrogen source was developed. A PVDF/PPy-800 sample (carbonized at $800^{\circ}C$) with a 1:0.5 ratio of PVDF and PPy exhibited the highest micropore volume. The activated microporous carbon materials obtained from PVDF/PPy-800 prepared at $800^{\circ}C$ with KOH possessed a large specific surface area and narrow pore-size distribution. They were characterized using $N_2$ adsorption at 77 K and argon (Ar) adsorption at 87 K, which allowed for the characterization of the narrow microporosity of the prepared materials due to the absence of interactions between Ar and the sample surface. In addition, the activated microporous carbon material with a KOH/carbon ratio of 2:1 was found to exhibit the largest specific surface area ($1296m^2g^{-1}$ in $N_2$ at 77 K) and microporosity, and a high specific capacitance ($122.8F\;g^{-1}$).