• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2013

Purpose: This study is performed to determine the effects of titanium cap with various sizes of pores on bone formation during guided bone regeneration (GBR). Methods: Calvaria from 10 adult male rabbits were chosen as the recipient sites. A trephine bur with a diameter of 10 mm was used to form one round groove on each side of sagittal suture of the cranium, and a round bur with a diameter of 1.5 mm was used to form 6 small holes on the inner circles of round grooves to induce bleeding. In the control group, bone graft was not conducted, and closed titanium cap was fixed in the round groove. Bone graft was not performed in groups 1 and 2, but fixed on titanium caps with 0.2 mm, and 0.5 mm sized pores, respectively. For groups 3, 4, and 5, a synthetic bone graft material (${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate, Cerasorb$^{(R)}$, Germany) was transplanted, and titanium caps without pore, with 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm sized pore were fixed, respectively. The animals were sacrificed 4 weeks after, and clinical, radiographical, and histomorphometrical evaluation of bone regeneration was performed. Results: In all groups, there were no clinical signs of infection, inflammation or wound dehiscence. Radiographic evaluation revealed well-defined semi-circular radiopacity inside the titanium cap of groups 3, 4, and 5. Histologically, the inner surface of the hemisphere was evenly lined with newly formed bone tissue, as well as grafted bone material in the group 3. In groups 4 and 5, the insertion of connective tissue was observed along the inner surface. However, the overall surface area between the grafts with different holes yielded no statistical significance in the histomorphometrical evaluation. Conclusion: Although the total area of newly formed bone showed no significant difference, excellent bone formation tendency was observed histologically when closed caps were used with bone graft was accompanied.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2007

지진시 발생하는 지반 액상화 현상은 지진피해예측시 가장 중용하게 평가해야 하는 항목으로 실내에서 액상화 현상을 시뮬레이션하는 경우, 불규칙성의 지진을 제어하기 어려운 이유로 등가반복형태의 정현파 또는 쐐기파를 이용하는 것이 통상적이었다. 그러나, 90년대 이후 컴퓨터의 발달과 함께한 신호처리 및 제어기술의 급속한 발전은 동역학분야에서의 실험연구에 큰 도움을 주었으며 지반진동분야의 경우, 진동대 및 원심모형기와 같은 대형지진모의시험에서 실지진하중을 이용한 연구사례들이 증가되고 있는 실정이다. 국내에서도 실지진하중재하가 가능한 요소시험결과에 대한 연구사례가 발표되는 등 이에 관한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있으며 특히, 실지진하중 시험결과로부터 실지진하중하에서의 과잉간극수압의 변화가 정현하중시험에서의 결과와 큰 차이를 보이고 있다는 분석결과가 발표되어 현재까지 지반동역학분야에서 지진하중의 불규칙성을 크게 고려하지 않았던 통상적 가정사항들이 문제점으로 대두되어 관심을 집중시키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 등가의 정현파 및 쐐기파와 증가형태의 쐐기파, 그리고 실지진파 등 다양한 진동하중을 재하할 수 있는 삼축압축시험기를 이용하여 기존의 유효응력개념에서 사용하는 과잉간극수압관련 매개변수인 소성일, 전단소성 변형률 상각궤도, 그리고 액상화 상태전환선의 기울기를 비교분석하였으며 하중변화에 따른 토립자의 변형과 간극수압의 변화를 상세분석하였다. 연구결과, 토립자의 변형, 간극수의 동적흐름, 동적흐름 속도수두의 압력수두로의 전환, 그리고 과잉간극수압의 증가로 표현되는 새로운 개념의 액상화 발생이론을 제안하였으며 그 타당성 검토를 위해 과잉간극수압과 동적흐름의 압력수두(흐름속도의 제곱값)와의 상관관계를 비교하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2016

본 연구는 조직공학용 지지체로 사용될 막을 개발하기 위한 초도 연구 수행으로, 염화나트륨(NaCl)을 기공형성체로 혼합한 폴리카프로락톤(PCL)용액을 유리 캐스팅판에 분주한 후 필름 어플리케이터를 이용하여 다공성 PCL필름을 성형하였다. 성형된 필름은 건조 후 증류수에 침지시켜 NaCl을 추출하여 최종 멤브레인형 다공성 지지체를 제조하였다. 3차원 다공망을 형성시키기 위하여 NaCl을 기공형성체로 이용하였으며 $4^{\circ}C$, 실온, $40^{\circ}C$의 세 가지 건조조건에 따른 다공망의 형성과 형태를 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 이용하여 관찰 하였으며 기초적인 안전성 확보를 위한 세포독성평가를 시행하였다. 세 가지의 건조조건별 결과에서는 실온 건조조건에서 거대기공과 미세기공이 혼재된 3차원 다공망이 우수하게 형성된 것이 관찰되었으며 세포독성 시험결과 ISO10993-5 규격의 세포독성 판단기준에 따라 grade 2(mildly cytotoxic)로 나타난바 생체용으로 적합하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 멤브레인형 다공성 지지체 제조에 건조조건이 3차원 다공망의 형성 및 거대기공과 미세기공이 함께 형성되는 것에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 이 결과는 다공성 멤브레인 지지체의 분해성 조절 및 약물 담지 효과를 개선하기 위한 연구에서 다공도의 조절에 대한 기초적인 공정이 될 수 있다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2007

To fabricate a thick, porous yttria-stabilized zirconia without cracking and warping, a method for the simultaneous control of the porosity and shrinkage was designed. As a pore former, a potato starch was used. For the control of shrinkage the oxidation of Al metal particles was used. For the sintering of the above powder mixtures, a partial sintering technique was used at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 10 min in air. Upon adding the additives, high open porosity above 53% and a low shrinkage level were obtained. As a result cracking and warping of the sintered body were deterred. This outcome most likely resulted from the compensation of sintering shrinkage due to the volume expansion caused by oxidation of the Al metal particles during heat-treatment.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2008

The present study was carried out to develop a sustained release implantable formula of bovine somatotropin (SRIF-BST) and to examine its sustained release effect. The SRIF-BST was produced by coating a solid pellet, which was comprised of BST and an excipient, made of a biodegradable polymer and poloxamer, which are capable of regulating the rate of BST release. The coated membrane of SRIFBST was observed with a field emission scanning electron microscope. The thickness of the coated membrane was approximately $1{\mu}m$, and the pore sizes of the coated membrane surface were below $10{\mu}m$. In dissolution test, the release duration of the SRIF-BST maintained for 10 days, whereas the release duration of the control BST formula maintained for 3 days. In weight gain assay and tibia test of hypophysectomized rats, the release duration of the SRIF-BST treated group was 12 days and the net weight gain was 53.16 g, also the tibia length and strength of the SRIF-BST treated group was increased 10.5% and 23.1% compared with those of the control group, respectively.

• Carbon letters
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

The studies on activated carbon prepared from walnut shell and groundnut shell were undertaken to ascertain the effect of initial state of precursor and activation process on the development of porosity in the resulting activated carbon. Walnut shell based carbon shows the presence of cellular pores while Groundnut shell based carbon shows fibrillar pore structure. The adsorption parameters, characterization of product and scanning electron microscopic studies carried out showed the presence of mainly Micro, Meso and Macro porosity in carbon prepared from Walnut shell while mainly micro porosity was observed in Groundnut shell based activated carbon. An interrelationship between the adsorption efficiency and porosity in terms of quality control parameters, for before and after activation, was validated through the scanning electron microscopic data.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.948-952
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• 2001

Periodic mesoporous organosilicas with rope-based morphology from a reaction gel composition of 1 BTME : 0.57 ODTMABr : 2.36 NaOH : 353 H2O were synthesized. While long rope-shaped product dominated in case of static synthesis condition , gyroid type products instead of rope shaped product appeared and rope shaped product disappeared with agitation. PMO with such a long rope shaped morphology is firstly reported. Additionally, various rope-based morphologies depending on the degree of bending, twisting, folding and winding of rope such as spirals, discoids, toroids, and worm-like aggregates were observed. White powdered products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 sorption measurement, SEM and TEM. From XRD pattern and TEM image, ODTMA-PMO with hexagonal symmetry was identified. The pore diameter and BET surface area of ODTMA-PMO are $32.9{\AA}$ and 799 m2g-1 , respectively. Hexagonally arrayed channels run with long axis of rope and rope-based shapes with various degree of curvature, which was elucidated by using TEM images.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Initial burst is one of the major challenges in protein-encapsulated microparticle systems. Since protein release during the initial stage depends mostly on the diffusional escape of the protein, major approaches to prevent the initial burst have focused on efficient encapsulation of the protein within the microparticles. For this reason, control of encapsulation efficiency and the extent of initial burst are based on common formulation parameters. The present article provides a literature review of the formulation parameters that are known to influence the two properties in the emulsion-solvent evaporation/extraction method. Physical and chemical properties of encapsulating polymers, solvent systems, polymer-drug interactions, and properties of the continuous phase are some of the influential variables. Most parameters affect encapsulation efficiency and initial burst by modifying solidification rate of the dispersed phase. In order to prevent many unfavorable events such as pore formation, drug loss, and drug migration that occur while the dispersed phase is in the semi-solid state, it is important to understand and optimize these variables.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2015

Natural cellulose hydrogel membrane cannot be directly used for cell encapsulation because it has many large pores on the surface that immune biomolecules are able to penetrate into easily. For the reason, alginate was used for the control of pore size of the cellulose hydrogel membrane. The surface morphology of cellulose/alginate nanocomposite confirmed the successful control of the porosity of the membrane. The permeability of the cellulose/alginate nanocomposite was decreased but mechanical properties were increased compared with the bacterial cellulose membrane. The cellulose/alginate nanocomposite could be used for the functional membrane as a promising biomedical material in the future.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.225-232
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• 2009

Infiltration of rainfall causes railway slopes to be unstable and may result in failure. Basic relationship between the rainfall and stability of railway embankment is defined to analyze its stability by rainfall. An experimental study for defining of infiltration rate of rainfall into slope is conducted in the lab. The results of Rainfall infiltration show that rainfall infiltration is not equal to infiltration as like reservoir because rate of rainfall infiltration is controlled by slope angle. Based on these results, boundary condition of rainfall is altered and various numerical analysis are performed. The variation of shear strength, the degree of saturation and pore-water pressure for railway slope during rainfall can be predicted and the safety factor of railway slope can be expressed as the function of rainfall amount, namely rainfall index. And suggested rainfall index is compared with the rail transport operation control which is used in KORAIL. It is judged that this rainfall index can be a good tool for the rail-transport operation control.