• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.661-666
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• 2009

Porcine pancreas development is not well studied at the molecular level despite being a therapeutic resource for diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated expression of lineage markers and performed proteomic analysis. Expression of the early lineage markers Pdx1 and Ptf1a was developmentally conserved between mice and pigs, whereas expression of the islet differentiation marker Pax4 was delayed in porcine compared with murine pancreas development. Proteomic analysis found that expression levels of chymotrypsinogen were down-regulated during porcine pancreas development while those of digestive enzymes like lipases, elastase and serine protease were up-regulated. In addition, specific isoforms of protein folding assistants such as protein disulfide isomerase and prefoldin were expressed at specific stages during the maturation of digestive enzymes. Taken together, these results show that development of the porcine pancreas is regulated by a concerted interplay of pancreas lineage marker proteins and other specified proteins, resulting in a functional endocrine and exocrine organ.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.911-917
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• 2008

In this study, we reported the effect of porcine pancreas lipase treatment in the presence of a calcium chloride and Triton X-100 on moisture regain and wettability of PET fabrics. The moisture regain of PET fabrics in the presence of 0.5% surfactant showed a 1.5-fold decrease, compared to the absence of it. Triton X-100 acted as an inhibitor to porcine pancreas lipase hydrolytic activity. The moisture regain and wettability of porcine pancreas lipase treated PET fabrics improved when more than 10mM of calcium chloride was added to the treatment solution. Porcine pancreas lipase treatment caused voids and cracks on PET fabrics.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of duration and timing of glucocorticoid treatment on the expansion and differentiation of porcine neonatal pancreas cell clusters (NPCCs) into ${\beta}$-cells. After transplantation of NPCCs, the ductal cyst area and ${\beta}$-cell mass in the grafts both showed positive and negative correlations with duration of dexamethasone (Dx) treatment. Pdx-1 and HNF-3${\beta}$ gene expression was significantly downregulated following Dx treatment, whereas PGC-1${\alpha}$ expression increased. Pancreatic duct cell apoptosis significantly increased following Dx treatment, whereas proliferation did not change. Altogether, transdifferentiation of porcine NPCCs into ${\beta}$-cells was influenced by the duration of Dx treatment, which might have been due to the suppression of key pancreatic transcription factors. PGC-1${\alpha}$ plays an important role in the expansion and transdifferentiation of porcine NPCCs, and the initial 2 weeks following transplantation of porcine NPCCs is a critical period in determining the final ${\beta}$-cell mass in grafts.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.369-379
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• 1993

The regional distribution and the relative frequencies of endocrine cells were studied in nine portions of the blue fox GI tract, and the distribution pattern and cell types of the pancreatic endocrine cells were also studied in the pancreas by immunohistochemical method. Six kinds of immunoreactive cells were identified in the GI tract, and four kinds of immunoreactive cells were also identified in the pancreas. Although numerous 5-HT- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen throughtout the GI tract, somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were a few in the intestine. Very numerous Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were restricted generally in the pyloric region and duodenum. Numerous glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and generally a few in the intestine. Moderate number of BPP-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and a few in the large intestine. Numerous porcine CG-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the cardiac and fundic region. In the pancreas, four types of pancreatic endocrine cells-somatostatin-, glucagon-, BPP- and insuline-immunoreactive-were identified in the pancreatic islet and exocrine portion. These results suggest that the regional distribution, the relative frequencies and cell types of the GEP endocrine cells in the GI tract and pancreas varies considerably among the species.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.579-589
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• 1993

The regional distribution and the relative frequencies of endocrine cells were studied in nine portions of the blue fox GI tract, and the distribution pattern and cell types of the pancreativc endocrine cells were also studied in the pancreas by immunohistochemical method. Six kinds of immunoreactive cells were identified in the GI tract, and four kinds of immunoreactive cells were also identified in the pancreas. Although numerous 5-HT- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen throughout the GI tract, somatostatin- immunoreactive cells were a few in the intestine. Very numerous Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were restricted generally in the pyloric region and duodenum. Numerous glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and generally a few in the intestine. Moderate number of BPP-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and a few in the large intestine. Numerous porcine CG-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the cardiac and fundic region. In the pancreas, four types of pancreatic endocrine cells- somatostatin-, glucagon-, BPP- and insulin-immunoreactive- were identified in the pancreatic islet and exocrine portion. These results suggest that the regional distribution, the relative frequencies and cell types of the GEP endocrine cells in the GI tract and pancreas varies considerably among the species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.670-677
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• 2011

This study is to optimize the enzymatic processing conditions of Polylactic Acid (PLA) fiber using lipase from Porcine pancreas as an environmental technology. Hydrolytic activity dependent on pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and treatment time, and structural change of PLA fiber were evaluated. The PLA fiber hydrolysis by lipase was maximized at 50% (o.w.f) lipase concentration $50^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes under pH 8.5. There was a change of the protein absorbance in the treatment solution before and after the lipase treatment. In addition, there was no substantial change in the molecular and crystalline structures of PLA by lipase treatment as confirmed by DSC, XRD, and FT-IR.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.321-331
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• 1992

The regional distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in the gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas of the fresh water turtle. Ten kinds of endocrine cells were identified in the gastrointestinal tract. Cholecystokinin-8-, bovine pancreatic polypetide-and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were seen throughout the gastrointestinal tract, also among them cholecystokinin-8-immunoreactive cells were most predominant in segment III. Although gastrin- and gastrin/cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells were found from segment III to VI and X, respectively, they were numerous in segment III. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed from segment I to VII. 5-hydroxytryptamine- immunoreactive cells were detected in segment I, III, VIII, IX and X. Human pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in segment V, VI, VIII, IX and X. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were found from segment III to X except for segment VIII, but rare in segment VII. Neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were found to be restricted to segment VIII, IX and X. No porcine chromogranin-, substance P- and bombesin-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the fresh water turtle. Although typical mammalian pancreatic islets encapsulated by connective tissue were not present in this species, five kinds of endocrine cells-glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide and 5-hydroxytryptamine-were found in forming small or large groups and scattered in the exocrine gland region. However porcine chromogranin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells could not be demonstrated in the pancreas.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2010

Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is a new emerging disease affecting nursery and growing pigs in worldwide. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is a most important pathogen associated with PMWS. This study was carried out to investigate the pathological changes in the pancreas of pigs diagnosed as PMWS. To detect the PCV-2 antigen and nucleic acid in the tissue, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted, respectively. 24 pigs of 4-10 weeks old showed clinical signs of PMWS such as chronic wasting, respiratory distress and diarrhea were examined. Histopathologically, interstitial and periductular mononuclear cells infiltration were observed in pancreas. Multifocal to diffuse necrosis of acinar tissues or necrotizing to granulomatous pancreastitis with numerous syncytial cells infiltration were examined in severe cases. PCV-2 nucleic acid was detected from all tested pancreas using PCR. The PCV-2 antigen in 12 pancreas sections was detected by immunohistochemical staining. PCV-2 has a tropism for vascular endothelial cells and infiltrated macrophages. Although gross lesions are uncommon in the pancreas of pigs with PMWS, histopathological changes and the presence of PCV-2 in this tissue may be related to clinical signs associated with digestive disorders.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.497-510
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• 1992

This study was attempted to comparative investigate the types and regional distribution of the endocrine cells in several vertebrates immunohistochemically using seven antisera. From carp pancreas could be observed 4 types which are insulin-, glucagon-, som- and BPP-immunoreactive cells. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were mainly distributed at the periphery and a few cells occupied the central region of the islets. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were distributed at the periphery of the islets, and som - and BPP-immunoreactive cells were located at the central region. From frog pancreas could be observed 4 types which are insulin-, glucagon-, som- and BPP-immunoreactive cells. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were distributed throughout the islets. Som-immunoreactive cells were distributed at the periphery of the islets, and glucagon- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were found as single cell or as small groups located between the pancreatic acini. From snake pancreas could be observed 3 types which are insulin-, glucagon- and som -immunoreactive cells. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were distributed throughout the small islets, and they also were scattered at the periphery of the large islets. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were distributed at the periphery of the islets, whereas som-immunoreactive cells were occupied the central region. From Ogolgae pancreas could be observed 4 types which are insulin-, glucagon-, som-and BPP-immunoreactive cells. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were distributed throughout the small islets, but at the periphery of the large one. Glucagon- immunoreactive cells were distributed at the periphery of the small islets and in the large islets showed scattering entired. Som-immunoreactive cells were distributed at the periphery of the small islets and in the large islets were located at the central region. A small numbers of BPP-immunoreactive cells were located at the periphery of the small islets and the exocrine regions. From the pancreas of the Korean native goat could be observed 6 types which are insulin-, glucagon-, som-, BPP-, 5-HT- and porcine-CG-immunoreactive cells. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were distributed throughout the islets. Som-immunoreactive cells were located at the periphery of the islets, but a tew were scattered at the central region of islets and in the epithelium of the secretory duct. Glucagon-, BPP-, 5-HT- and porcine CG-immunoreactive cells were distributed at the periphery of the islets. These findings indicated that the regional distribution patterns and cell types of pancreatic endocrine cells in vertebrates varies considerably among phylogenetically different vertebrates.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 1996

In order to investigate intra-pancreatic cholinergic roles on insulin action in exocrine secretion, the pancreas was isolated from rats and continuously perfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution. Intra-arterial infusion of insulin (100 nM) or cholecystokinin (CCK, 14 pM) alone resulted in stimulation of the volume flow and amylase output. Also insulin potentiated the action of CCK in the exocrine secretion. Tetrodotoxin and atropine completely abolished the potentiating action of insulin and CCK as well as the action of insulin alone, but did not change the action of CCK alone. In order to see an effect of intra-pancreatic neural activation on the insulin action, electrical field stimulation (EFS) with parameters of 20 V, 2 msec and 8 Hz was applied to the isolated pancreas for 10 min under 2.5 or 18 mM glucose background. The EFS voltage-dependently elevated the flow rate and amylase output, and potentiated exocrine secretion in 18 mM glucose infusion compared with 2.5 mM glucose. The potentiating effects of EFS and 18 mM glucose were not observed in the streptozotocin-treated pancreas although it was perfused with 18 mM glucose. However, it was restored when the diabetic pancreas was perfused with porcine insulin(100 nM). Tetrodotoxin and atropine inhibited the pancreatic secretion induced by EFS with the background of 18 mM glucose. The results of present investigation indicate that the intra-pancreatic cholinergic tone exerts a stimulatory influence on the action of insulin in pancreatic exocrine secretion of rats.