• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 1978

In order to investigate the difference of rootability between 15 clones of Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa selected based on the growth performance, rooting of cutting experiments with these 15 clones were conducted at the nursery for six years from 1970 to 1975. Cutting experiments in a temperature controlled incubator in which the temperature of the cutting bed were set to $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ were also performed. Along with these experiments air layering experiments were performed to compare with the rootabilities obtained from nursery trial. The results obtained so far could be summarized as follows. 1. The best rooting clones were 65-22-4 and 65-22-11, and the average rooting percentages of these two clones for six years were 76.7%, and 72.9% respectively. The poorest rooting clone was 66-6-8 showing average rooting percentage of 45.8%. 2. The middle class of rooting percentage was ocuppied by the clones; 66-14-29, 66-14-93, 66-25-5 and 67-6-3, and the range of their rooting percentage was 60~69% on average. 3. The rooting performances observed through the nursery, the incubator and the air layering experiments were almost the same with exception of few clones. 4. P. alba${\times}$glandulosa showed the best rooting percentage at the cutting bed of $20^{\circ}C$ 5. The most roots, i.e. 78.5% of root per cutting were developed from the bottom part of the cutting shoot. 6. Adventitious and call use roots could observe in the cuttings.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2002

The bark of P. alba × glandulosa, P. euramericana and P. nigra × maximounczii F₁, several Populus trees, were collected, extracted with acetone-H₂O(7:3, v/v), fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate, and freeze dried to give some dark brown powder. Each fraction of the powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluents and then identified by thin layer chromatography using TBA and 6% acetic acid as developing solvents. The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by ¹H, ¹³C and 2D-NMR tools including mass spectrometry. Most of the compounds were flavonoids and salicin derivatives as follows: (+)-catechin, taxifolin, aromadendrin, eriodictyol, naringenin, sakuranetin, sakuranetin-5-O-𝛽-D-glucopyranoside, neosaturanin, salireposide, p-coumaric acid, and aesculin from P. alba × glandulosa, (+)-catechin, salireposide, populoside and salicortin from P. euramericana and (+)-catechin, quercetin, padmatin, salireposide, populoside and salicortin from P. nigra × maximounczii F₁.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2003

Populus species have been as a model species in tree breeding and we have enormous varieties resulting from the poplar breeding because of their fast growth performance and short rotation age. New varieties developed in Korea are common italian poplar(P euramericana, I-214, I-476), P euramericana“Eco 28”(Italian poplar No.1) and p. deltoides“Lux”(Italian poplar No.2), which were introduced from foreign countries. As hybrid polars, Hyun-Sasi(p. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa No.1, No.2, No.3, No4.), P. nigra x P. maximowiczii and P. koreana x P. nigra val. italica, were developed, and P. davidiana was selected as the result of selection breeding The total plantation areas covered with the new varieties are 935,162ha that include 745,773ha of P. euramericana, 184,636ha of P. alba x P. glandulosa, and other new varieties are 4,735ha. The new poplars are contributed to increase farmer's income as well as bare land tree-planting in Korea. The technologies associated with the poplar species were developed, such as the determination of optimum site for new the poplar species, the crossing method between incompatible poplar species, and the vegetative mass propagation. In the future, poplar species will be considered for phytoremediation species at contaminated areas such as landfill sites or with lives stock's waste water as well as wood production, a shade tree like road-side tree and public park tree.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.98 no.5
• /
• pp.513-523
• /
• 2009

Many species, cultivars, and hybrids in Populus have been introduced and developed by the scientists of Department of Forest Genetic Resources, Korea Forest Research Institute in Korea. P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa, P. euramericana, P. nigra ${\times}$ maximowiczii, P. koreana ${\times}$ P. nigra var. italica, and P. davidiana have been studied from many aspects, i.e., genetics, breeding, physiology, propagation, silviculture, biomass production, biotechnology and phytoremediation. These precedent results will provide a sound basis for a newly-arising research on short-rotation coppice as one of renewable resources and phytoremediation plants. It was found that there were many promising varieties and clones for these purposes. However, minute analysis on specific gravity and caloric values for those plants should be followed under several silvicultural and rotational systems.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2017

Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) genes are involved in plant hormone signaling, cell division and elongation, as well as in responses to stress conditions in plants. In this study, we isolated a GASA gene from hybrid poplar (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa) and analyzed its physiological phenotype and molecular functions in poplar. PagGASA cDNA encodes a putative protein composed of 95 amino acids containing an N-terminal signal peptide and a conservative cysteine-rich C-terminal domain. Southern blot analysis revealed that one or two copies of the PagGASA are present in the poplar genome. The PagGASA transcripts were highly detected in flowers and roots. Moreover, the expression of PagGASA was induced by growth hormone (gibberellic acid) and stress hormones (abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid). By using transgenic analysis, we showed that the upregulation of PagGASA in poplar provides high tolerance to drought stress. Therefore, our results suggest that PagGASA plays an important role in drought stress tolerance via stress-related plant hormone signaling in poplar.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to simple transformants selection by herbicide Basta treatment after transformation with Agrobacteium tumefaciens MP90/PAT in hybrid poplar(Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa No. 3). In preliminary study, we determined that the lethal concentration of herbicide Basta was 1.0mg/L in callus culture, adventitious bud formation and axillary bud elongation experiment. By the treatment of 1.0mg/L Basta, we could be selected the transformed shoots effectively from the various cultures. In addition, the treatment was useful on selection of transformants which are growing in soil pot. Finally, we also confirmed the transformation by PAT assay, Above results show that the herbicide Basta treatment and PAT assay can be a very simple and effective method for the identification of PAT gene transformed hybrid poplar.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.54-59
• /
• 2003

Recently, densified pellet fuel from wood biomass is widely used at North America and Europe as a regenerable and clean carbon neutral bioenergy. High-pressure compaction of sawdust of Hyunsasi-poplar (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa) to form a densified fuel was studied. Calorific and elemental analysis were carried out to assess Hyunsasi-poplar clones as fuels. Hot-press process was adopted for compaction of sawdust and compaction was performed under temperature from 100 to 180$^{\circ}C$, at pressure of 250 to 1000 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$, and for 2.5 to 10 minutes. Densified fuels were evaluated by its oven-dry density and fines after 5-minute shaking test. The target density and fines of densified fuels were over 1.2 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and below 0.5%, respectively. When the press-temperature is over 160$^{\circ}C$, densified fuels with density eve. 1.2 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and with fines below 0.5% can be produced. And the pressure over 750 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was effective for this production. It was found that the optimum press condition for preparation of densified fuel was 180$^{\circ}C$ -1000 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ minutes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.90 no.4
• /
• pp.495-504
• /
• 2001

The objectives of this study were to understand the characteristics of Cd and Pb accumulation in various tissues of poplar species and the effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculation on the accumulation of above two heavy metals in the tissues. The mycelial inoculum of ectomycorrizal fungus, Pisolithus tinctorius was produced in peatmoss and vermiculite mixtures, and inoculated into potted soil with fresh cuttings of four species of Populus, P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa (Pag). P. koreana ${\times}$ nigra var. italica (Pkn), P. nigra ${\times}$ maximowiczii(Pnm), and P. euramericana(Pe). The potted soils were added with 0, 30, and 80 ppm Cd, and 0, 50, and 300 ppm Pb. The cuttings were grown outdoors for about five months until the plants were harvested for measurement of growth, mycorrhizal infection, and metal contents in leaves, stems, and roots. The total dry weight of Pe treated with Cd and Pb was increased by mycorrhizal inoculation, while that of three other species was not affected by the inoculation. Cd was accumulated in the highest concentration in Pag and its concentration was increased by four times by mycorrhizal inoculation. The Pag accumulated Cd in the highest concentration in the leaves, while three other species accumulated Cd most in the roots. Pb was accumulated in the highest concentration in the roots of all the four species, while Pkn accumulated Pb in the leaves as much as in the roots. Without mycorrhizal inoculation Pe accumulated Pb most among the four species, while Pkn with mycorrhizal inoculation accumulated Pb two times more than in the same species without mycorrhizal inoculation. It was concluded that Pag was the most effective species among the four poplar species in Cd absorption from contaminated soil, and that Pe instead effectively absorbed Pb. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased the Cd accumulation in the tissues by four times in Pag and also increased Pb accumulation by two times in Pkn, with leaves being the major sites of metal accumulation. It may be possible to use these two poplar species in remedying the metal in the soil through the raking and removing the litter out of the contaminate site.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.81 no.2
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 1992

The influence of various levels of major medium components such as sucrose, nitrate, phosphate, plant growth regulators, and light intensity for cell growth and the production of anthocyanin content in cell cultures of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa were investigated. Best results for anthocyanin yield were obtained using Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium containing 5% sucrose, 12.5% nitrate, 200% phosphate, 1.0mg/l indole-3-acetic acid(IAA), 1.0mg/l benaylaminopurine(BAP), and continuous illumination of 7,000 lux. On the other hand, maximum cell growth was achieved with 5% sucrose, 50% nitrate above 400% phosphate compare with that of MS basal mediumi, and 0.5mg/l 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2, 4-D). Anthocyanin accumulation in a suspension cultured cells of given genotype was stimulated by subculturing onto the medium lacking 2, 4-D. Pigmented cell clusters were extracted with methanol containing 1% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and then anthocyanin was identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and U. V. spectrophotometer.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 1989

Roughage feeds were produced from Hyun-aspen (Populus alba $\times$ p. glandulosa) by steaming-defibration and steaming-explosion. The objectives of this work were to find proper conditions for the treatment of Hyun-aspen by analyzing the compositional change and digestibility and to investigate the change of physical properties of exploded woods. The results of this work were as follows; 1. The method of steaming-de fibration gave the best producing rate of feedstuffs when the chips were steamed (9kg/$cm^2$ under the pressure) for 10 minutes. The yield and the digestibility of feedstuffs were 84.2% and 38.1%, respectively. It is the merit of this method that feedstuffs manufactured by this method was uniformity in particle size, and facilities of fiberboard factory could be used directly, 2. For defibration of the chip by explosion, the proper condition was steamed under the pressure (20kg/$cm^2$) for 4 minutes. The yield and the digestibility of feedstuffs were 93.4% and 68.1%, respectively. The feedstuffs produced under these conditions had higher nutritional quality than rice straw and this method was considered as the best for making feedstuffs from Hyun-aspen chip. But it is defect that exploded feedstuffs was ununiformity in particle size and had unique odor. The physical properties of the feedstuffs were investigated by a light microscope and a TEM. The feedstuffs produced under the low pressure (20 kg/$cm^2$) still maintained the structure of fibers. However, the feedstuffs produced under the high pressure (28 kg/$cm^2$) resulted in higher de fib ration than these prepared under the low pressure. The highly defibrated feedstuffs recombined with solublized lignin. The crystallinity of feedstuffs was increased by 10% and micelle width increased double after treatment.