• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3815-3817
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is a common cancer worldwide. With the establishment of Thailand's population-based cancer registry and availability of complete data from 2002-2011, it is of interest to investigate the epidemiologic and clinic-pathological profiles of breast cancer based on the population-based registry data. Methods: The data of all breast cancer patients in the registry for the period of 2002-2011 were included. All medical records of the patients diagnosed from documents of National Cancer Registry of Thailand were retrieved and the following information abstracted: age, clinical characteristics, and histological variables. Thailand census data for the period of 2002-2011 were used to provide the general population's statistics on age, gender, and other related demographic factors. Results: Over the 10 year-period, 7,711 breast cancer cases were included. The disease incidence under age 40 years was relatively low (4.13/$10^5$) while the incidence in the age groups 40 and older was very high (39.2/$10^5$). The vast majority of breast cancer cases (88.8%) were diagnosed by histology as primary lesions in the breast. The most common of patients with breast cancer (36.4%) had regional lymph node involvement and the most common of histopathology diagnosed in patients (84.2%) was an infiltrating duct carcinoma. Conclusions: This study showed a high incidence of breast cancer in older subjects, and high rate of breast cancer in Thailand. Future studies should explore clinical and molecular disease patterns.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2009

Objective : We estimated the number of Korean adults with back pain and evaluated population-based associated factors of back pain from a representative sample data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods : The number of Korean adults who experienced back pain (experienced patients), those who experienced back pain lasting for three or more months during the past year (chronic patients), and those who were currently suffering from back pain (current patients) were estimated by analyzing the data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2007 using surveyfreq procedure of the SAS statistical package. Population-based odds ratios for being experienced, chronic, and current patient according to demographic (age and gender), socioeconomic (education and occupation), and lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking, and exercise) were estimated using surveylogistic procedure. Results : It was estimated that there were 5,554,256 (proportion, 15.4%; 95% CI, 4,809,466 - 6,299,046) experienced patients, 2,060,829 (5.7%; 1,557,413-2,564,246) chronic patients, and 3,084,188 (8.5%; 2,600,197 - 3,568,179) current patients among 36,107,225 Korean adults aged 20-89 years in 2007. Each of explanatory variables was significantly associated with at least one of the response variables for back pain. Conclusion : Based on our study results, further efforts to investigate epidemiology of back pain, to evaluate associated factors, and to improve treatment outcomes are needed.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2019

Purpose - Statistics of Traditional Market is the only source of information on traditional markets, shopping street, and underground shopping street. The government conducts a survey of traditional market conditions every year to look at the current status of traditional markets and provide effective support. Therefore, this study examines the necessity and validity of updating about the Survey Population of Traditional Market Research design, data, and methodology - This study investigated the necessity of updating about the Survey Population of Traditional Market through literature review. Therefore this study examined the necessity of the current population based on the review of the population related to the sample design, methods, and the sampling frame. Next, we examined the change patterns of the population and the sample by dividing the population and sample of the current survey of the traditional market survey into the market unit, the store unit within the market, and finally the individual store unit. Results - As a result, the population of traditional market changes about 4~6%. Next, the analysis of the store unit in the market shows that the number of stores is very variable even though the market is continuously included in the survey target. Finally, as a result of examining the characteristics of individual stores, the stores with less than one year were more than 6% of the total surveyed stores based on the traditional market. These results are generally inconsistent with the idea that stores in traditional markets will operate for a long time in one place. Next, we proposed the establishment of a management system, applying Citizen Generated Data, and circulation survey. Additionally, this study proposes to change the stratification variables at the regional level rather than the market unit. Conclusions - Therefore, in this study, it is suggested that a current population of traditional market is needed updating, and that a population survey should be updated at least four years. In addition, a system for investigating traditional markets and districts was established and a circulation survey was proposed for efficient use of budgets. Based on these research results and policy suggestions, the future research directions are suggested.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2019

Objective: Models for genomic selection assume that the reference population is an unselected population. However, in practice, genotyped individuals, such as progeny-tested bulls, are highly selected, and the reference population is created after preselection. In dairy cattle, the intensity of selection is higher in males than in females, suggesting that cows can be added to the reference population with less bias and loss of accuracy. The objective is to develop formulas applied to any genomic prediction studies or practice with preselected animals as reference population. Methods: We developed formulas for calculating the reliability and bias of genomically enhanced breeding values (GEBV) in the reference population where individuals are preselected on estimated breeding values. Based on the formulas presented, deterministic simulation was conducted by varying heritability, preselection percentage, and the reference population size. Results: The number of bulls equal to a cow regarding the reliability of GEBV was expressed through a simple formula for the reference population consisting of preselected animals. The bull population was vastly superior to the cow population regarding the reliability of GEBV for low-heritability traits. However, the superiority of reliability from the bull reference population over the cow population decreased as heritability increased. Bias was greater for bulls than cows. Bias and reduction in reliability of GEBV due to preselection was alleviated by expanding reference population. Conclusion: Cows are easier in expanding reference population size compared with bulls and alleviate bias and reduction in reliability of GEBV of bulls which are highly preselected than cows by expanding the cow reference population.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2009

현재 코덱스 NRVs 중에는 새로이 각국에서 제정된 영양 섭취기준과 상당히 차이가 있는 영양소들이 있어서 개정을 위한 검토 작업이 시급히 필요하다. DRIs 중 EARs 혹은 RDAs를 코덱스 NRVs 기준으로 설정하는 것에는 각각이 장점과 단점이 있으므로, 각 기준에 대한 장점과 문제점을 충분히 고려하여 선정하여야 한다. 각 나라의 DRIs를 NRVs 기준으로 이용하거나 국제적으로 영양소별로 단일 값을 정한 후 각 나라의 인구 구조를 근거로 NRVs 기준을 설정하는 것은 국가마다 서로 다른 기준을 설정하는 결과를 초래하고 이로 인한 소비자의 혼란 및 국가 간 교역에 혼란을 초래할 가능성이 크므로, 각 나라의 인구 구조를 적용한 값을 NRVs기준으로 설정하는 것은 문제가 있다고 사료된다. 코덱스 NRVs 설정시 인구 구조에 근거한 RDA를 사용할 경우 연령 집단 간 편차가 크면 산출된 값이 lowest UL 보다 높을 수 있으므로, 성인 이외의 연령층 (어린이)에 대해서 바람직한 적용 방안을 후속 연구를 통해 별도로 고려해 볼 필요가 있다. 따라서 기존의 Codex 기준과 같이 국제적으로 새로이 설정된 DRIs를 전면적으로 검토하고 이를 최대한 반영하여 영양소별로 단일 값을 제시하여 각 나라에서 이용하도록 하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2022

연구목적: 이 연구는 지진 옥외 대피장소를 대상으로 생활인구(유동인구)를 측면에서 공간적 접근성을 분석한 후, 접근성 취약지역에 추가 신규 대피장소를 확충할 경우의 모의분석을 하여 개선효과를 비교함으로써 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: GIS 네트워크분석 기반의 최적화 모형인 입지배분모형을 적용하여 접근성을 분석하고 취약지역을 식별하였다. 입지배분방법은 일정한 시간 내에 신속한 이동이 중요한 대피시설의 성격에 비추어 'Maximize Coverage(수요영역 최대화)' 방법을 적용하였고, 대피를 위한 한계 거리 및 시간기준은 보행속도를 고려하여 500m(7.5분), 1,000m(15분), 1,500m(22.5분)의 세 가지로 구분하여 분석하였다. 사례분석 대상지역은 지진 발생 시 신속한 대피와 일시적인 체류를 위한 옥외 대피장소의 기능을 고려하여 거주인구에 비해 생활인구가 월등히 많고 대피장소로 활용할 수 있는 가용공간이 크게 부족한 고밀 도심지역으로서 서울 중구지역을 선정하였다. 연구결과: 분석 결과, 전반적으로 거주 인구에 비해 생활인구 기준으로 볼 때 접근성이 취약한 집계구 수와 인구 수가 훨씬 많고 비율도 높았으며, 접근성 취약지역에 가용한 신규 대피장소를 확충할 경우의 모의분석에서 접근성이 크게 개선됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 다만, 고밀 도심지역으로서 가용지가 절대적으로 부족한 대상지역의 특성상 잠재적인 대피인구 전체의 접근성을 완전히 해소하지는 못하였다. 결론: 유동인구로 인해 주·야간 인구 차이가 심한 서울 도심의 지역 특성을 반영하기 위하여 생활인구 첨두시간대를 적용하여 실제 대피수요를 고려할 필요가 있으며, 입지배분모형을 이용하여 접근성이 불리한 취약지역을 식별하고 신규 대피장소 설치의 우선순위를 부여함으로써 과학적 근거 기반의 의사결정이 필요하다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.107-134
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• 2016

Accelerated ageing with low fertility is one of the most critical problems in Korea. Because of ageing via low fertility, Korea will face a serious demographic cliff. This research primarily focus on the analyzing the dynamics of the marginal ageing state and decreasing population especially in Eup and Myeon region. This study based on the system dynamics approaches for finding causal loop structure of marginal ageing and critical mass of population disappearing. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, demographic marginalization trends have already begun in the Eups and Myons of Gun. Second, marginal aging speed in Eup/Myeon areas is causing an population disappearing in the near future. Third, critical mass of population disappearing will begin when the rate of marginal aging is exceed 82% after 2023.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.667-677
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the mean of a population which has a linear trend, when both n, the sample size, and k, the reciprocal of the sampling fraction, are odd numbers. The proposed method, not having the drawbacks of centered systematic sampling, centered modified sampling and centered balanced sampling, consists of selecting a sample by balanced systematic sampling and estimating the population mean by using interpolation. We compare the efficiency of the proposed method and existing methods under the criterion of the expected mean square error based on the infinite superpopulation model.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.869-878
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• 2016

This paper presents an ecient fractional shifted Legendre polynomial method to solve the fractional Volterra's model for population growth model. The fractional derivatives are described based on the Caputo sense by using Riemann-Liouville fractional integral operator. The theoretical analysis, such as convergence analysis and error bound for the proposed technique has been demonstrated. In applications, the reliability of the technique is demonstrated by the error function based on the accuracy of the approximate solution. The numerical applications have provided the eciency of the method with dierent coecients of the population growth model. Finally, the obtained results reveal that the proposed technique is very convenient and quite accurate to such considered problems.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.193-212
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• 2020

우리나라에서 공공도서관의 봉사대상인구는 학술담론이 부재한 채 건립, 리모델링, 서비스 계획의 수립과 평가 등에 적용되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 법률, 지침, 자료 등을 토대로 한 문헌연구와 미국, 호주, 일본과 한국의 사례에 대한 비교분석을 통해 봉사대상인구를 봉사계획인구와 봉사인구로 구분하여 재정의하고 각각의 산출방식을 제안하였다. 봉사계획인구는 건립이나 리모델링에 따른 투입자원을 산출하기 위한 용도로 사용되며, 공공도서관이 서비스 할 수 있는 지역적 범위에 거주하는 인구로 인구통계학적 특성만을 확인할 수 있다. 봉사계획인구의 산출은 계획시점의 행정구역인구를 기초로 인구 10만 이상의 도시지역에는 도서관을 중심으로 반경 2km 이내의 인구와 개관연도까지의 추계인구를 적용하고, 인구 10만 미만의 지역에서는 행정구역의 최소단위인 읍·면·동의 인구와 추계인구로 설정할 것을 제안하였다. 반면, 봉사인구는 개별 공공도서관의 서비스 계획 수립이나 평가, 홍보 등에 사용되며, 실제 공공도서관을 이용하는 이용자이거나 공공도서관의 투입자원에 따라 결정되는 수혜대상 인구로 정의할 수 있다. 봉사인구는 공공도서관의 등록회원 수나 서비스 참가자 수, 투입자원의 규모에 따라 산출한 서비스 수혜대상 수 등으로 산출할 수 있다. 제안된 방식을 적용하면 효율적인 공공도서관의 시설 배치나 자원 투입이 가능하며, 투입 대비 산출에 대한 측정 신뢰도를 제고할 수 있다는 이점이 있다. 더불어 이 연구에서는 봉사대상인구 적용에 따른 혼란을 피할 수 있도록 『도서관법』 제3조 제1항의 <별표1>을 삭제하고, 기준이나 매뉴얼과 같이 개정이 유연한 자료에 개념 및 산출 근거 등을 명시할 것을 제안하였다.