• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1905-1911
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• 2020

Objective: Tibetan pigs, an excellent species unique to China, face serious threats, which in turn affects the development and utilization of the outstanding advantages of plateau hypoxia adaptability and reduces their genetic diversity. Therefore, a discussion of measures to conserve this genetic resource is necessary. The method, based on genetic diversity, genetic divergence and total genetic contribution rate of population, reflects the priority conservation order and varies depending on the three different purposes of conservation. Methods: We analyzed mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) variation in 1,201 individuals from nine Tibetan pig populations across five provinces and downloaded 564 mtDNA D-loop sequences from three indigenous pig breeds in Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan Provinces distributed near the Tibetan pigs. Results: We analyzed three different aspects: Changdu Tibetan pigs have the highest genetic diversity, and from the perspective of genetic diversity, the priority conservation is Changdu Tibetan pigs. Hezuo Tibetan pigs have the highest genetic contribution, so the priority conservation is Hezuo Tibetan pigs in the genetic contribution aspect. Rkaze Tibetan pigs were severely affected by indigenous pig breeds, so if considering from the perspective of introgression, the priority conservation is Rkaze Tibetan pigs. Conclusion: This study evaluated genetic diversity and comprehensively assessed conservation priority from three different aspects in nine Tibetan pig populations.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권1호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2013

우리나라에 분포하는 가침박달 9개 집단의 유전다양성과 유전구조를 ISSR 표지자를 이용하여 분석하였다. 선발된 6개 ISSR primer에서 다형성 band는 35개로 primer당 평균 5.8개(S.D.=2.32), 집단별 다형적 유전자좌의 비율은 평균 78.7%로 나타났다. AMOVA에서 전체 유전변이의 27.8%는 집단간 차이에 기인하며, 72.2%는 집단내 개체 간 차이로 설명할 수 있었다. 베이즈 방법에 따른 유전분화는 ${\theta}^{11}$와 $G_{ST}$가 각각 0.249와 0.227로 추정되었으며, 전체 집단에 대한 근친교배율은 0.412로 계산되었다. 집단간의 지리적 거리와 유전적 거리에 대한 상관성 분석에서 지리적 거리가 멀수록 유전적으로 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 베이즈 군집분석에서 가침박달 집단은 유전변이 분포에 따라서 1) 대구 지역의 2집단 및 안동, 청송, 예천 집단이 하나의 구역으로, 그리고 2) 단양, 영월 집단과 3) 임실, 청주 집단이 각각 하나의 구역으로 묶여서 총 3개 구역으로 나눌 수 있었다. 구역의 유전변이는 백두대간과 정맥의 산줄기를 경계로 분포하는 것으로 생각되며, AMOVA에서 전체 유전변이량의 10.0%는 구역간, 19.7%는 집단간, 나머지 70.3%는 집단내 개체간 차이로 설명되었다. 아울러 가침박달의 현지내 유전자원보존을 위한 유전다양성 평가와 유전구조 분석결과의 적용에 대하여 살펴보았다.

• ALGAE
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2018

Ocean warming can have significant negative impacts on population genetic diversity, local endemism and geographical distribution of a wide range of marine organisms. Thus, the identification of conservation units with high risk of extinction becomes an imperative task to assess, monitor, and manage marine biodiversity for policy-makers. Here, we surveyed population structure and genetic variation of the red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla along the coast of China using genome-based amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) scanning. Regardless of analysis methods used, AFLP consistently revealed a south to north genetic isolation. Populations at the southern coast of China showed unique genetic variation and much greater allelic richness, heterozygosity, and average genetic diversity than the northern. In particular, we identified a geographical barrier that may hinder genetic exchange between the two lineages. Consequently, the characterized genetic lineage at the southern coast of China likely resulted from the interplay of post-glacial persistence of ancestral diversity, geographical isolation and local adaptation. In particular, the southern populations are indispensable components to explore evolutionary genetics and historical biogeography of G. vermiculophylla in the northwestern Pacific, and the unique diversity also has important conservation value in terms of projected climate warming.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

The population structure of a domesticated species is influenced by the natural history of the populations of its pre-domesticated ancestors, as well as by the breeding system and complexity of breeding practices implemented by humans. In the genetic and population structure analysis of 122 South Asia collections using 29 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 362 alleles were detected, with an average of 12.5 per locus. The average expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC) for each SSR locus were 0.74 and 0.72,respectively. The model-based structure analysis revealed the presence of three clusters with the 91.8% (shared > 75%) membership, with 8.2% showing admixture. The genetic distances of Clusters 1-3 were 0.55, 0.56, and 0.68, respectively. Polymorphic information content followed the same trend (Cluster 3 had the highest value and Cluster 1 had smallest value), with genetic distances for each cluster of 0.52, 0.52, and 0.65, respectively. This result could be used for supporting rice breeding programs in South Asia countries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.470-476
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• 2002

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis based on numerous polymorphic bands have been used to investigate genetic similarity and diversity among and within two cultured and wild populations represented by the species crucian carp (Carassius carassius). From RAPD analysis using five primers, a total of 442 polymorphic bands were obtained in the two populations and 273 were found to be specific to a wild population. 169 polymorphic bands were also produced in wild and cultured population. According to RAPD-based estimates, the average number of polymorphic bands in the wild population was approximately 1.5 times as diverse as that in cultured. The average number of polymorphic bands in each population was found to be different and was higher in the wild than in the cultured population. Comparison of banding patterns in the cultured and wild populations revealed substantial differences supporting a previous assessment that the populations may have been subjected to a long period of geographical isolation from each other. The values in wild population altered from 0.21 to 0.51 as calculated by bandsharing analysis. Also, the average level of bandsharing values was $0.40{\pm}0.05 $ in the wild population, compared to $0.69{\pm}0.08$ in the cultured. With reference to bandsharing values and banding patterns, the wild population was considerably more diverse than the cultured. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of crucian carp could help in formulating more effective strategies for managing this aquacultural fish species and also in evaluating the potential genetic effects induced by hatchery operations.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.441-451
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• 2009

In this study, 29 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 125 rice accessions from 40 different origins in Africa, Asia, Europe, South America, and Oceania. A total of 333 alleles were detected, with an average of 11.5 per locus. The mean values of major allele frequency, expected heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content (PIC) for each SSR locus were 0.39, 0.73, and 0.70, respectively. The highest mean PIC was 0.71 for Asia, followed by 0.66 for Africa, 0.59 for South America, 0.53 for Europe, and 0.47 for Oceania. Model-based structure analysis revealed the presence of five subpopulations, which was basically consistent with clustering based on genetic distance. Some accessions were clearly assigned to a single population in which >70% of their inferred ancestry was derived from one of the model-based populations. In addition, 12 accessions (9.6%) were categorized as having admixed ancestry. The results could be used to understanding the genetic structure of rice cultivars from these regions and to support effective breeding programs to broaden the genetic basis of rice varieties.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 높은 변이를 나타내는 6개의 Microsatellite DNA 유전표식을 이용하여 독도지역에 서식하고 있는 자연산 전복집단의 유전적 다양성 및 집단구조를 파악하여 동 서 남해의 6개 지역집단과 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 독도지역의 유전적 다양성은 6개 지역집단보다 높게 나타났으며 유전적 거리에 의한 유연관계 분석 결과에 있어서도 이들 집단과는 독립된 집단으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 6개 지역집단에 있어 방류전복의 높은 혼획비율에 의한 자연산 집단의 유전적 다양성이 축소되어진 결과라고 생각되어진다. 따라서 독도집단의 높은 유전적 다양성을 유지하고 보존하기 위해서는 이 지역의 유전적 다양성을 고려한 체계화된 전복종묘의 방류가 이루어져야하며, 방류를 한 이후에도 지속적인 유전학적 모니터링이 필요하다고 생각되어진다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1993년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); Seoul National University, Seoul; 20-22 Oct. 1993
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• pp.64-69
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• 1993

The aim of the present paper is to show the effectiveness of Genetic Algorithm for data classification problems in which the classification criteria are not the Euclidean distance. In particular, in order to improve a search performance of Genetic Algorithm, we introduce a concept of the degree of population diversity, and propose construction of genetic operators and the method of calculation for the fitness of an individual using the degree of population diversity. Then, we investigate their performances through numerical simulations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1501-1510
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• 2019

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of 26 Chinese indigenous goats by 30 microsatellite markers, and then to define conservation priorities to set up the protection programs according to the weight given to within- and between-breed genetic diversity. Methods: Twenty-six representative populations of Chinese indigenous goats, 1,351 total, were sampled from different geographic regions of China. Within-breed genetic diversity and marker polymorphism were estimated calculating the mean number of alleles, observed heterozygosities, expected heterozygosities, fixation index, effective number of alleles and allelic richness. Conservation priorities were analyzed by statistical methods. Results: A relatively high level of genetic diversity was found in twenty-four population; the exceptions were in the Daiyun and Fuqing goat populations. Within-breed kinship coefficient matrices identified seven highly inbred breeds which should be of concern. Of these, six breeds receive a negative contribution to heterozygosity when the method was based on proportional contribution to heterozygosity. Based on Weitzman or Piyasatian and Kinghorn methods, the breeds distant from others i.e. Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat, Chengdu Brown goat and Leizhou goat obtain a high ranking. Evidence from Caballero and Toro and Fabuel et al method prioritized Jining Gray goat, Liaoning Cashmere goat, and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat, which agree with results from Kinship-based methods. Conclusion: Conservation priorities were determined according to multiple methods. Our results suggest Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat (most methods), Jining Gray goat and Liaoning Cashmere goat (high contribution to heterozygosity and total diversity) should be prioritized based on most methods. Furthermore, Daiyun goat and Shannan White goat also should be prioritized based on consideration of effective population size. However, if one breed can continually survive under changing conditions, the straightforward approach would be to increase its utilization and attraction for production via mining breed germplasm characteristics.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2019

The higher fragment sizes (>2,100 bp) are not observed in the two C. spp. populations. The six oligonucleotides primers OPA-11, OPB-09, OPB-14, OPB-20, OPC-14, and OPC-18 were used to generate the unique shared loci to each tonguesole population and shared loci by the two tonguesole populations. The hierarchical polar dendrogram indicates two main clusters: Gunsan (GUNSAN 01-GUNSAN 11) and the Atlantic (ATLANTIC 12-ATLANTIC 22) from two geographic populations of tonguesoles. The shortest genetic distance displaying significant molecular difference was between individuals' GUNSAN no. 02-GUNSAN no. 01 (genetic distance=0.038). In the long run, individual no. 02 of the ATLANTIC tonguesole was most distantly related to GUNSAN no. 06 (genetic distance=0.958). These results demonstrate that the Gunsan tonguesole population is genetically different from the Atlantic tonguesole population. The potential of PCR analysis to identify diagnostic markers for the identification of two tonguesole populations has been demonstrated. As a rule, using various oligonucleotides primers, this PCR method has been applied to identify polymorphic/specific markers particular to species and geographical population, as well as genetic diversity/polymorphism in diverse species of organisms.