• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.987-1001
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• 2021

One of the most critical issues in the dairy industry, alongside the low birth rate and the aging population, is the decrease in demand for milk. In this study, the consumption trends of 12 major dairy products distributed in Korea were predicted using a logistic model, the Gompertz model, and the Bass diffusion model, which are representative S-shaped growth models. The 12 dairy products are fermented milk (liquid type, cream type), butter, milk powder (modified, whole, skim), liquid milk (market, flavored), condensed milk, cheese (natural, processed), and cream. As a result of the analysis, the growth potential of butter, condensed milk, natural cheese, processed cheese, and cream consumption among the 12 dairy products is relatively high, whereas the growth of the remaining dairy product consumption is expected to stagnate or decrease. However, butter and cream are by-products of the skim milk powder manufacturing process. Therefore, even if the consumption of butter and cream grows, it is difficult to increase the demand of domestic milk unless the production of skim milk powder produced from domestic milk is also increased. Therefore, in order to support the domestic dairy industry, policy support should be focused on increasing domestic milk usage for the production of condensed milk, natural cheese, and processed cheese.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 1983

Some aspects of the change in the rate of gall formation on the red pine, Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zuccarini, by the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye, were investigated at the coastal area in Chung Nam-Do from 1977 to 1982, and were analyzed with the nationwide survey data for 2 years from 1980 to 1981. The results obtained were as follows; the gall formation rate in several areas was compared between two consecutive generations. Four regression equations were established, with X as the gall formation rate in N year and Y as that in (N+1) year: 1) Y=11.2+1.15X (r=0.833) for the stands facing north on the phase of insect population increase, 2) Y=14.3+0.82X (r=0.739) for the stands facing south on the phase of population increase, 3) Y=7.3+0.46X (r=0.478) for stands facing north on the phase of population decrease and 4) Y=11.4+0.19X (r=0.086) for stands facing south on the phase of population decrease. After invasion of the pine needle gall midge into a red pine forest, gall formation rate increased for 6 consecutive generations and then decreased to low level within a period of another 6 years.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.653-665
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• 2009

All the policies and plans need to be carried out at the proper times in order that they would work properly for what they are made for. It is will known that statistics are one of the most useful tools in deciding the proper times for the policies. In this paper we show how to use statistics in evaluating the policies already carried with respect to the time when they were executed in dealing with the population policy we had in 1983 when the total fertility rate hit the population replacement level 2.1. Two methods have been tried to show that the policy carried in 1983 missed the proper changing time. The one is to make forecasting only with the data possible before 1982 and show how close they can be to the real situation of today. The other is to show what would happen if the policies aiming to suppress population growth had been changed or abandoned. Both results from two methods give some quantified information about the population policy of 1983. Especially the prediction tells that we could have forecasted the problem of low fertility of this century in 1983.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.112-132
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• 1975

When Korean family planning services began as a part of the National Policy in 1962, the annual population growth was 3.0%. This growth rate has been decreased to 2.0% during last ten year period. And it seems imperative that all hospitals, as well as related organizations, should participate in family planning in order to contribute to achieving the National goal of 1.5% population growth by 1976, the end of the Third Five Year Economic Development Plan. Nurses should be considered the most important human resources in charge of the core of family planning services in any setting. For the family planning services in the general hospital setting, nurses as a core members contribute much as change agent, motivators, counsellors, educators etc. A nurse can work with patients and their relatives when she is equipped with relevant knowledge and skills. Fur the more family planning cannot be ignored even in hospital setting where more comprehensive nursing care is needed Thus, the general objective of this study is to provide baseline data for better programming of In-service education in family planning so that effective hospital family planning nursing services can be made a part of comprehensive nursing care contributing to the national population program and human welfare. In order to meet the general objective, this study has the following specific objectives : 1. To find out the general characteristics of the clinical nurses working in Y Hospital 2. To evaluate their attitudes and practices of family planning 3. To assess their knowledge, attitudes and practices of population and family planning as professional nurses. 4. To examine and compare data collecting methods for the planning of an In-service Educational Program 5. To explore the contents to be included in this In-service Education Program. The study population randomly selected one hundred nurses working in Y Hospital A cross-sectional survey with questionnaires developed for this study was chosen for the study method. To collect reliable data, the questionnaires were distributed to and answered by the study population in a controlled situation. X²test and t-test was employed in analyzing the data. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. Y Hospital nurses had a lower ideal number of children (X=2.02) and showed no strong preference for male children, and 74% of them expressed the desire to use permanent methods of birth control 2. of this thirty Y Hospital nurses who were married 66.7% stated they were already practicing contraceptive methods. Most of them preferred male methods of contraception. 3. According to objective evaluation about knowledge of various aspects of population and family planning, respondents from collegiate programs significantly knew better the subjects on the average than did respondents from diploma programs of nursing. 4. There was a marked difference in the results of self-evaluation and objective evaluation in their family planning knowledge. It was found that the self-evaluation family planning knowledge seemed to be unreliable. Accordingly, the objective test methods appeared to be more reliable in the evaluation of knowledge levels. 5. The subject areas needed to be included in In-service education for the Hospital family planning services in Y Hospital are 1) rhythm methods, 2) tubal-legation, 3) family planning effects of contraceptives, 4) population growth, 5) demographic traction, 6) population structure and 7) infant mortality facts. In addition, 1) various oral contraceptives, 2) basal temperature method, 3) laparoscopic female sterilization, 4) interfering factors of family planning, 5) anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive organs were additional areas to be taught to respondents from 3-year diploma schools of nursing. Demographic transition was one subject area in which the four-year graduates need further study. 6. Population problems guidance and counselling in family planning instruction in the theory and practice of contraceptives should be included in future In-service Education Programs in order to provide more effective hospital Family Planning Services, stated 77.0% of the respondents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.139-147
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• 1999

Peptides are formed in the rumen as the result of microbial proteinase activity. The predominant type of activity is cysteine ptoteinase, but others, such as serine proteinases, are also present. Many species of protozoa, bacteria and fungi are involved in ptoteolysis; large animal-to-animal variability is found when proteinase activities in different animals are compared. The peptides formed from proteolysis are broken down to amino acids by peptidases. Different peptides are broken down at different rates, depending on their chemical composition and particularly their N-terminal structure. Indeed, chemical addition to the N-terminus of small peptides, such as by acetylation, causes the peptides to become stable to breakdown by the rumen microbial population; the microorganisms do not appear to adapt to hydrolyse acetylated peptides even after several weeks exposure to dietary acetylated peptides, and the amino acids present in acetylated peptides are absorbed from the small intestine. The amino acids present in some acetylated peptides remain available in nutritional trials with rats, but the nutritive value of the whole amino acid mixture is decreased by acetylation. The genus Prevotella is responsible for most of the catabolic peptidase activity in the rumen, via its dipeptidyl peptidase activities, which release dipeptides rather than free amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides. Studies with dipeptidyl peptidase mutants of Prevotella suggest that it may be possible to slow the rate of peptide hydrolysis by the mixed rumen microbial population by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase activity of Prevotella or the rate of peptide uptake by this genus. Peptides and amino acids also stimulate the growth of rumen microorganisms, and are necessary for optimal growth rates of many species growing on tapidly fermented substrates; in rich medium, most bacteria use pre-formed amino acids for more than 90% of their amino acid requirements. Cellulolytic species are exceptional in this respect, but they still incorporate about half of their cell N from pre-formed amino acids in rich medium. However, the extent to which bacteria use ammonia vs. peptides and amino acids for protein synthesis also depends on the concentrations of each, such that preformed amino acids and peptides are probably used to a much lesser extent in vivo than many in vitro experiments might suggest.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.469-479
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• 2009

New rural village development programs have been implemented, and rural village land use is expanded to encompass green-tourism, citizen and silver domicile space because of the internal and the external changes in the agricultural environment. This study was conducted to propose the evaluation index for retiree rural village development project issued by Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The evaluation index was consisted of four categories (population, economic, environment, and living), which were consisted of 35 variables. The relative weight for 35 variables was calculated based on the questionnaire survey from the experts and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Growth rate of population in population criteria, job creation by exterior inflow in economics criteria, improvement of exchange between urban and rural in life criteria, and the flood outbreak in environment criteria were the most important contents of 35 variables. These results are consistent with the objectives of retiree rural village development project, and indicate the need of prevention the negative sides by implementation of the project.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

The aging of the population has a fundamental impact on the national economy, including decline in productive population, atrophy of available funds, slowdown of technological innovation, slowdown of economic growth, and decrease in vitality of society as a whole. Increase of elderly population would lead to increase in elderly welfare consumers, which would also lead to increase the demand for elderly welfare services. However, due to the continuation of the low birth rate, there is a great shortage of human resources who can handle this. In such a situation, the main goal of the elderly welfare system in the future should aim to actively try to design effective policies, prepare systems, and implement services for the problems of the aged society, and to find ways to expand the finances, manpower, methods, and facilities necessary for the welfare of the elderly. Elderly welfare services in Korea have been changed and developed in accordance with socioeconomic changes such as industrialization and urbanization. This study examines the changes in elderly welfare services in Korea by the flow of times and presents a method which utilizes artificial intelligence and Internet of Things in services for the elderly welfare consumers to improve both quality and efficiency.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.637-647
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• 2022

A spotted scat, Scatophagus argus, has a high nutritional value and is among Asia's most widely consumed fish species. Thua Thien Hue's consumption market considers this species to be of high economic value and requires protection and conservation of the population. However, the studies on the identification and genetic diversity of S. argus distributed in Vietnam are still lacking. Therefore, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was utilized to distinguish different populations and investigate the genetic diversity of two populations of S. argus from Tam Giang lagoon, Thua Thien Hue province (n = 31) and Ca Mau province (n = 14). The sequencing results indicated 13 distinct haplotypes among 45 sequences. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed to distinguish Hue spotted scat population. The S. argus population in Ca Mau province was higher haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) than those of Thua Thien Hue province, which demonstrates that there are minor differences between haplotypes. There were genetic distances ranging from 0%-4% within the populations and 6.67% between the two populations. In addition to the sequencing, the comparison of morphology, biology, culture, and the growth rate was sufficient to distinguish the spotted scat S. argus in Thua Thien Hue from Ca Mau.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.885-890
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate the growth curve parameters of 253 heads of F2 population produced by inter-crossing F1 from Korean Native boars and Landrace sows, and to estimate the effects of Leptin receptor gene(LEPR) on their growth characteristics. Growth curve parameters were estimated from nonlinear regression using Gompertz model individually. Average mature weight and average maturing rate estimated were 179.69${\pm}$4.40kg and 0.3103${\pm}$0.0043, respectively. The effect of sex was insignificant for all the parameters estimated from Gempertz model(p〉.05), and the effect of calving group was significant for mature weight and maximum growth rate at inflection point (p〈.05). The effect of LEPR genotype were significant for all the growth curve parameters(p〈.05). According from the results of the least squares means of growth curve parameters by LEPR genotypes, mature weight and point of inflection were highest in genotype AA in which the maturing rate was the lowest, and were lowest in genotype DD in which maturing rate was the highest, reversely.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1147-1153
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• 2000

A total of 9,540 pigs were evaluated for their growth performance to provide information on the development of different feeding strategies to support maximum rate of protein deposition (PD). Large variations in growth performance and protein deposition rate were found in the population used in this study (ADG from 701 to 974 g/day; ADFI from 1,726 to 2,498 g/day; Feed/gain from 2.10 to 2.90; Backfat thickness from 12.4 to 20.5 mm and PD rate from 103 to 153 g/day). It was found that ADG was positively correlated to PD ($R^2=0.9362$, p<0.0001) while FCR was negatively correlated to PD ($R^2=0.4031$, p<0.0001). Backfat thickness was negatively correlated to PD ($R^2=0.7024$, p<0.0001) and to ADG ($R^2=0.5096$, p<0.0001). The estimated lysine requirement based on PD rate also showed large variation (12.37 to 18.38 g/day true ileal digestible lysine on average between 25 and 100 kg), thus strongly indicated the need of separate feeding strategies for each group of pigs. When pigs were divided into three categories according to estimated whole body PD rate, the group of pigs with the highest PD rate grew faster by 6.3 and 13.9% than pigs with intermediate and low PD rate, respectively. Feed utilization was also more efficient in pigs with a high PD rate. It appeared that pigs with high PD rate maintained higher PD rate especially in the later stage of their life. Pigs with high PD rate require an extra amount of 1.2 and 2.4 g/true digestible lysine per day and 0.4 and 0.8% more lysine in the diet than pigs with intermediate and low PD rate during the growing-finishing period respectively. Results of this study suggest that there is a need for separate feeding strategies for individual group of pigs with different PD rate. It should be noted that average value for each group presented in this report is not the adequate amount for an animals potential for maximum PD rate. With recent development in growth modeling and access to computer technologies to facilitate computation, pork producers can easily estimate pigs protein deposition rate and thus can make their own feeding strategies.