• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.342-347
• /
• 2008

Mortality and growth rate of the soft coral, Dendronephthya gigantea, from Jejudo Island on the southern coast of Korea were investigated from February 2003 to October 2004 using SCUBA diving. 48 individuals with variable sizes of D. gigantea of the depth of 15m were tagged with flagging tapes and plastic films, and then monitored with two month intervals. The average mortality of two-month term for the study period was 50.4%, with the peak of 84.6% during the summer storms in August - October 2003. About the size class mortality, individuals of size class I(${\leq}$10 cm) showed the highest mortality, followed by size class III(>20 cm) and size class II(10 cm-20 cm). Growth rate did not show a seasonal pattern. For growth in length, individuals of D. gigantea grew about 3cm in average for two-month period, with a maximum growth of 6.4 cm which occurred in August - October 2003. For growth in diameter, individuals grew about 0.3 cm for 2 month term, with a maximum of 1.4cm in April - June 2004. Individuals of size class I usually grew faster than those of larger size classes. D. gigantea population in Jejudo Island was strongly affected by summer storms, which was due to annual event of summer typhoon. Never the less, it appears that the local population can be maintained by fast growth of the juvenile stage and active recruitment to compensate the high mortality caused by the summer disturbance.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.408-423
• /
• 2021

We established and monitored survey sites in seven regions of Mt. Jiri to investigate population decline and change of the Korean fir (Abies koreana) over a ten-year period from 2009 to 2018. With the exception of one site (Seseok), the six remaining ones all showed a four-layer stratification structure. The importance value of Korean firs in all of the survey areas decreased significantly by 28.5%, from 55.7% in 2009 to 39.8% in 2018. The average population of objects with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5cm or more in all survey sites was 711 objects/ha in 2018, and the cumulative death rate from 2009 to 2018 was 10.8%. Among the death types, DS (dead standing) was the most dominant, comprising 82.4% of the total survey area. However, in Banyabong 1, which had a high gradient of 35°, the death types other than DS accounted for 44.2%. We estimate that A. koreana can maintain a stable population as its distribution type for each diameter class in the Saeseokpyeongjeon site showed a reverse-J shape. The average annual ring growth in all survey sites was 1.09 mm/year, with the most abundant growth observed in the Seseokpyeongjeon site, which was formed mainly by a subtree layer. The growth ring survey showed the estimated average age of A. koreana population in the Byeoksoryeong and Banyabong 1 sites to be 102 and 91 years, respectively, a general downward trend of vitality since 2013.

• Korea Real Estate Review
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2014

Recently increasing the supply of housing policy has not been able to reflect social phenomena as like decreasing birth rate, aging of the population and increasing 1 or 2 person households. This study analyze the housing demand in the city with the point of population growth rate and economic character changes. Growing cities have positive population growth rate and economic character, but shrinking cities have the opposite. By comparing housing demand of growing cities and shrinking cities, we want to find out housing policy implications. In this study, results suggest that the peak age of housing demand of shrinking cities is the late 60's. But the growing cities's age peak is the mid-80's. But further analysis of the economic variables and 1 or 2 person old and young household dummies, the result is that the peak age of housing demand is reduced. These results suggest that housing demand should be differentiated the cities's population structure and economic characteristics of the household. In short, housing demand will vary depending on the condition of individual cities.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.168-173
• /
• 2018

Mauremys reevesii is a Korean endemic turtle, and designed as an endangered species and national monument in South Korea. Recently, the population of the species has been dramatically declining because of habitat destruction, pollution and illegal capture. Moreover, small population size, difficulty of securing individuals, and lack of research are factors that impede the effective management of the species. In this study, we tested the effect of individual breeding and feeding on the seven juveniles of M. reevesii. Our results showed individual breeding and feeding were guaranteed the effective growth and development. Noticeable growth was confirmed in both body weight and carapace length. Moreover, the size difference among the individuals appeared at the start of this study decreased at the end of this study. Artificial breeding during the wither season was not caused disorders on the growth, behavior and morphology. This individual breeding may lead to effective growth and development, and it will be a way to increase the survival rate when the juveniles released into the wild.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.257-264
• /
• 2005

We studied age and growth of the sea urchin, Pseudocentrotus depressus, to obtain some informations regarding its sustainable production and appropriate resources reinforcement. The samples were collected at two locations (Ongpo and Bubhwan) in Jeju, Korea. Annual rings were formed from October to January, and this period was well matched with the time just prior to or during their reproduction. Two population regression lines generated by using Walford's plotting with mean radius of each age group showed significant differences in their growth rate between the two sampling locations (p<0.0l). When the regression equations were calculated using either madreporite's radius (R) and test diameter (L) or body weight (W) and test diameter (L), the results were L=23.830+ 11.735R and $W=0.0004L^3$, and no statistically significant differences were detected between the two populations (p>0.2). Based on the data of madreporite's radius and test diameters, two estimated growth equations were $L_t(mm)=72.988(1-e^{-0.412(t-0.596)}\;and\;L_t(mm)=70.195(1-e{-0.365(t-0.51l)}$ in Ongpo and Bubhwan population, respectively. Three distinct annulus groups were recognizable within the distribution of the radii of the annual rings measured from age I to age 5. The mean radii calculated from the same annulus group were all identical even though they were from different age groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2022

Urban space expansion is an important symbol of the urbanization process and has always been an important topic in urban studies. In addition, for sustainable city management, it is important to identify factors that can influence, such as the driving force and direction of urban space expansion, from the stage of establishing an urban development plan. To understand these factors, by observing the expansion process of a specific city, it is possible to sufficiently observe how the urban spatial dimension changes. Through a series of processes, the spatial growth characteristics of the city are analyzed, and the influence and results of important factors are analyzed. For this purpose, this paper examines the changes in the city's outer boundary and land use structure through monitoring data on urban areas of 14 cities in Hunan Province, China from 2000 to 2016. Temporal and spatial regularity according to the urban space expansion of these cities were analyzed, and a preliminary assessment was made on whether the urban space expansion is coordinated with the urban population growth. The assessment result showed: (1) The urban space of most cities has been extended rapidly in 2000-2015 however, the rate and the intensity of urban space expanding has been declining. (2) The construction of the industrial park is the core driving force of the urban space expanding, and the change of the urban space structure is manifested as enclave city expansion because that the industrial park is usually far away from the city center. (3) The population agglomeration is another driving force of the urban space expanding. At this time, the urban space expanding is like boundary extension. (4) Except Changsha city, all of the cities has a high urbanization-area-growth elastic coefficient. It means that most of the cities should enhance the land use degree.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.41 no.7
• /
• pp.542-547
• /
• 2008

D-type cyclins control the onset of cell division and the response to extracellular signals during the G1 phase. In this study, we transformed a D-type cyclin gene, Nicta;CycD3;4, from Nicotiana tabacum using an Agrobacterium-mediated method. A predicted 1.1 kb cyclin gene was present in all of the transgenic plants, but not in wild-type. Northern analyses showed that the expression level of the Nicta;CycD3;4 gene in all of the transgenic plants was strong when compared to the wild-type plants, suggesting that Nicta;CycD3;4 gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was being overexpressed. Our results revealed that transgenic plants overexpressing Nicta;CycD3;4 had an accelerated growth rate when compared to wild-type plants, and that the transgenic plants exhibited a smaller cell size and a decreased cell population in young leaves when compared to wild-type plants.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.343-347
• /
• 2012

The growth rates of offspring of selected abalone (SA), Haliotis discus hannai, population for rapid growth were compared to those of offsping of the control abalone (CA) at bred under the same condition. The growth traits (shell length, shell breadth and total weight) of SA were significantly faster than those of CA at this experiment. At the 45th day and 90th day, the growth rates in shell length of SA were estimated 31.7% and 17.8% faster than those of CA, total weight of SA were estimated 43.7% and 25.6%, respectively. Moreover, the relative growth rate between shell length and total weight of SA showed significant differences higher than one in CA at 90th day. The results suggest a possibility of improving the growth rate of cultured abalone using selection techniques.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 1990

This is a study which attempt to analyze changing patierns of economic active popu-lation, t o estimato- future patterns, and exa- mine vartons problems arises by changing c ire u mst ances of t he labor force market in- clunging soici al, economic ic, heathl th and demoi-graph ic aspects. We have constructed series of wotking life table which are useful in syt uiolyioig the lirocess of growth and structural change of labor force. Work i ng life tables represent ihie life eyele of econrmic' activity in hi ypothetical cohorts, that is. gen-erat i on of men Sn bject at eat' b period ot f their lives th given ra to's o mor tali it y and of par-- tici pation in economic activities. The tabloes prot' ide measorues of the alvet'age he ng t able of economically aeti \- e life. and agespecific rates of en trannee' into and retirement from the hahn' force. In const routing working life tables, age-specific activity rates and life tabole popula- titoto which represents contemporary condi-tions of moortality in Korea au'e the basic' maltoerials. We have derived the age-specific rates foorm economically active population survey, whoich were conducted by the Bureau of Statistics, Economic Planning Borard of the Korean government. Working life tables are constructed for men wtable these materi- als in the year of 1970, 1980 and 1988 by a modified Wolfbein-Wool's method. Some of the findings may be summerized as follow : 1) A central part of constructing working life table is calculation of stationary' economic active population, which represents the number of men in the stationtary population extoected to be in the labor force at each age group in the life span. The stationary economic active population by age have generally a universal pattern, where they rise sharply in the early twenties, approach its' peak in the thirties decline thereafter. at first graolually and then more rapidly at an advanced age. Korean men show the same general pa ttern of age distribution of stationary eco-- nomic active population with sharp increase hegining from the age interval of 20 to 24, reaching to maximum level at older age. The population. however, presumably, increased substantially due to increaseing school atte endance rates. Another difference exiSts in the youngest age groups, that is the activity rate in the year of 1988 is lower than that of Japan. The table shows an analysis of changes in the age distrihution of labor force between 1970, 1980 and 1988. 2) It was shown an analysis of changes in the age distribution and cause of separation from labor force. The entrance rate to labor force has increased from 18~\5 persons to 299 persons per 1000 head of stationary population between that of 1980 than that of 1988 for Korean men in 20~24 age group. The entrace rate to labor force shows a rapid entrance appearance concentrated on the 15~24 age group. The separation rate from labor force by retirment in Korea in the year of 1988 shows a great difference of the about four times as much as that of Japan. 3) The functions of table illustrate the patterns of working life of males in Korea in 1970, 1980 and 1988. The average remaining number of economically active years, e at age 15 in 1988 is 46.39 which is 2.12 years of increase compared with that of at age 15 in 1970,1980 and 1988 are 43.90,44.27 and 46.39 respectively, showing steadily increase dur- ing the past double decade the increase in the length of economically active life various age may be considered to have come both from extention of general life expectancy and from increasing entrance rate to economic activity in high age that of working is far greater in 1988 than that of 1980. The gaps between expectation of life and average remaining years of economically active widened due to rapid improvement of mortality level in Ko- rea. This observation together with the population pressure by the appearance of a group of younger population implies that constant increase of economically inactive population among older age group.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.8
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2020

This study seeks to examine the main factors, external and internal to the bank, that enhance bank lending. Bank lending is one of the connecting bridges in sustaining society. Internal factors consist of ROA, DPK, and CAR. External factors are economic growth and interest rate of Bank Indonesia. The population of this research consists of traditional commercial banks listed on the IDX over the 2014-2017 period. Samples were chosen by purposive sampling method. This study uses secondary data with 56 samples; data analysis uses multiple linear regression. The findings of the study show that internal factors have a greater impact on increasing bank lending than external factors. The main variable among internal factors that influences increase in bank lending is ROA. DPK is the internal factor with the smallest impact on increasing bank lending. The implication of the study is that determining the bank lending should take more account of CAR, DPK, ROA, BI interest rates, and economic growth in making decisions about the amount of lending. These variables can only have a slight effect on increasing lending, though. Besides, internal factors such as NPL, LDR or non-economic factors also need to be considered in channeling bank credit.