• Title/Summary/Keyword: Population

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Variation of Fat and Protein Reserves in Wintering Dunlin, Calidris alpina (월동기 민물도요 Calidris alpina 의 지방과 단백질의 변화)

  • 권기정;황규황
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.23-27
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    • 1992
  • The changes of pectoral muscle size (as an index of protein reserves) and fat reserves (as an index of lipid) were measured in wintering Dunlin during 1988 -1989 on two estuaries located in the south coast of Korea. The mean of lean mass of February population was greater(11.8%) than that of October population. SMI of October population was greater(4.5%) than that of February population and lipid index of October population also greater(1.6%) than that of February population. This show that the body condition of October population is better than February population. The mean of fat and protein reserves of 22 % of Dunlin arriving on October for their wintering were higher than that of others, this group seems to continue their migration to south further and 11% of the wintering population seems to starve during winter.

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Comparison of Breeding System Between Single Population and Two Sub-population Scheme by Computer Simulation II. Different genetic level for Sub-populations

  • Oikawa, T.;Matsura, Y.;Sato, K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.428-434
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    • 1997
  • The effect of genetic diversity in sub-populations on breeding efficiency was examined with prospect of potential crossbreeding. Simulation study of selection was performed for 20 generations with 20 replications each, comparing average breeding values and inbreeding coefficients between the two breeding systemes; single population scheme and two population scheme. The different genetic levels were assumed to be caused by different gene frequencies. Phenotypes of two traits generated polygenic effect with additive 36 loci and residuals distributed normally were selected by selection index procedure. High genetic gain with less inbreeding was clearly recognized in the single population scheme, independently of difference in genetic level, economic weight and genetic correlation. Genetic correlation after selection in the single population scheme was lower than the two population scheme. When crossbreeding between the sub-population was taken into account, superiority of the two population scheme was suggested under those restrictions; difference in genetic level is moderate, selection criterion for the two traits is not far from even economic weight, and genetic correlation is positive with low to moderate value. The use of complementarity increased the possibility of the two population scheme.

A Comparison of Estimation Method for Population Exposed to Noise Using Noise Map (소음지도를 이용한 소음노출인구 산정방법별 비교)

  • Choi, Sung Kyu;Lee, Byung Chan
    • Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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    • v.24 no.10
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    • pp.802-808
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to suggest efficient methods for estimating population exposed to noises by analyzing differences of population exposed to noises estimated by each method through comparing exposed population estimated by utilizing existing methods and those estimated by using census output areas reflecting the actual population information of each address. For population exposed to noises, the error of exposed population estimated by using the per capita living space turned out to be the biggest, and other estimation methods had no significant difference. For population exposed to excess noises, as a result of analyzing population estimated by each method based on census output areas, the error of the method using a grid noise map turned out to be the biggest. For the method to estimate population exposed to noises by using a noise map, the estimation methods using census output areas and total ground area are considered to be more rational than the grid noise map estimation method or the method to estimate the living space per capita.

Analysis of Population Depending on Spatial Unit for Setting Suitable Spatial Unit to Rural Planning (농촌계획 수립에 적합한 공간단위 설정을 위한 공간 단위에 따른 인구 비교 분석)

  • Lee, Jimin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2019
  • Population is important as a fundamental element of local industry and economy, and census data is essential to regional planning and policy making. Although there have been many researches on population and regional planning, there are few studies on population considering spatial unit. In this study, the population of three spatial scales were compared in order to establish the spatial unit suitable for the rural planning. The study area is Gangwon, Chungcheong-Nam, Chungcheong-Buk, Jeolla-Nam, Jeolla-Buk, Gyeonsang-Nam, Gyeonsang-Buk and Jeju province. Population were compared using statistical data analysis, GIS visualization, and spatial statistics. The mean, maximum, minimum, and variance of population were calculated and the coefficient of variation according to spatial unit was compared. The mean, maximum, minimum, and variance of population were calculated and the coefficient of variation according to spatial unit was compared. As the results, the census output area unit is difficult to interpret spatial analysis results. Administrative district unit has the limit that includes areas where the population does not live. The grid unit is well suited to the geographical characteristics but has many disadvantages of the grid with small population. Therefore, It is necessary to complement the limits of the Eup and Myeon-dong administrative district through the grid unit data.

Genetic Distances between Two Cultured Penaeid Shrimp (Penaeus chinensis) Populations Determined by PCR Analysis

  • Yoon, Jong-Man
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.193-198
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    • 2019
  • Genomic DNA samples were obtained from cultured penaeid shrimp (Penaeus chinensis) individuals such as fresh shrimp population (FSP) and deceased shrimp population (DSP) from Shinan regions in the Korean peninsula. In this study, 233 loci were identified in the FSP shrimp population and 162 in the DSP shrimp population: 33 specific loci (14.2%) in the FSP shrimp population and 42 (25.9%) in the DSP population. A total of 66 (an average of 9.4 per primer) were observed in DSP shrimp population, whereas 55 unique loci to each population (an average of 7.9 per primer) in the FSP shrimp population. The Hierarchical dendrogram extended by the seven oligonucleotides primers indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (FRESH 01, 02, and DECEASED 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22) and cluster 2 (FRESH 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, and DECEASED 14, 18, 21). Among the twenty-two shrimp, the shortest genetic distance that exposed significant molecular differences was between individuals 20 and 16 from the DSP shrimp population (genetic distance=0.071), while the longest genetic distance among the twenty-two individuals that established significant molecular differences was between individuals FRESH no. 02 and FRESH no. 04 (genetic distance=0.477). In due course, PCR analysis has revealed the significant genetic distance among two penaeid shrimp populations.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Vaccination: Comparing the General Population with Socially Vulnerable Individuals

  • Han, Kyu-Tae;Kim, Sun Jung;Lee, Seo Yoon;Park, Eun-Cheol
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.19
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    • pp.8503-8508
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    • 2014
  • Background: After the WHO recommended HPV vaccination of the general population in 2009, government support of HPV vaccination programs was increased in many countries. However, this policy was not implemented in Korea due to perceived low cost-effectiveness. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the cost-utility of HPV vaccination programs targeted to high risk populations as compared to vaccination programs for the general population. Materials and Methods: Each study population was set to 100,000 people in a simulation study to determine the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR), then standard prevalence rates, cost, vaccination rates, vaccine efficacy, and the Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALYs) were applied to the analysis. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed by assuming discounted vaccination cost. Results: In the socially vulnerable population, QALYs gained through HPV vaccination were higher than that of the general population (General population: 1,019, Socially vulnerable population: 5,582). The results of ICUR showed that the cost of HPV vaccination was higher for the general population than the socially vulnerable population. (General population: 52,279,255 KRW, Socially vulnerable population: 9,547,347 KRW). Compared with 24 million KRW/QALYs as the social threshold, vaccination of the general population was not cost-effective. In contrast, vaccination of the socially vulnerable population was strongly cost-effective. Conclusions: The results suggest the importance and necessity of government support of HPV vaccination programs targeted to socially vulnerable populations because a targeted approach is much more cost-effective. The implementation of government support for such vaccination programs is a critical strategy for decreasing the burden of HPV infection in Korea.

Effect of an unsampled population on the estimation of a population size (집단 크기 추정에 대한 미표본 집단의 영향)

  • Chung, Yujin
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.347-355
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    • 2020
  • An Isolation-with-Migration (IM) model is used to estimate extant population sizes, the splitting time of populations split away from their common ancestral populations, and migration rates between the extant populations. An evolutionary model such as IM models is estimated by analyzing DNA sequences sampled from the extant populations in the model. When a true model includes an unsampled 'ghost' population without data, the unsampled population is often ignored from the evolutionary model to infer. In this paper, we conduct a simulation study to investigate the effect of an unsampled population on the estimation of the size of the sampled population. When there exists an unsampled population that shares migrations with the sampled population, the size estimation of the sampled population was biased. However, the size estimation was improved if an evolutionary model, including the unsampled population, was estimated.

Development and Application of Village Extinction Index in Rural Areas - A Case Study on Chungcheongnam-do - (농촌의 마을소멸지수 개발 및 적용 - 충청남도를 대상으로 -)

  • Yun, Jeong-mi;Cho, Young-jae;Kim, Jin-young
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.15-24
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    • 2023
  • The sense of crisis regarding regional extinction due to low birth rates and an aging population is expanding. Generally, the local extinction index is used to analyze local extinction. However, it is challenging to diagnose the actual situation of village extinction risk in rural areas, even though the regional extinction index can be analyzed in units such as Si-Gun-Gu and Eup-Myeon-Dong. This difficulty arises because the regional extinction index solely relies on natural population growth indicators (elderly population and female population aged 20-39). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a village extinction index that can identify the disappearance of rural villages. Additionally, the aim is to apply the developed indicators to the village (administrative ri) spatial unit. The existing regional extinction index used only mortality-related indicators as factors for natural population decline and fertility-related indicators as factors for natural population growth. However, the developed village extinction index included not only the factors of natural population change but also incorporated social population growth factors and factors related to the pace of village extinction. This is the key difference between the developed village extinction index and the existing regional extinction index. In this study, the indicators of "total population," "number of young women aged 20-44," "number of elderly population aged 70 or older," and "number of incoming population" were selected to develop a village extinction index. The village extinction index was developed by incorporating both natural population growth indicators and social population growth indicators. The developed village extinction index was applied to administrative villages. This research is expected to provide a more accurate understanding of the current state of rural villages facing extinction.

Comparative analysis of official demographics (공식인구통계들에 대한 비교 분석)

  • 김종태
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.99-108
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    • 2017
  • There are three official official demographics of the Republic of Korea: the population census, population projections, and resident population. Among these, the population projections estimates are based on population census statistics, which are conducted every five years. This study compared and analyzed the future population statistics and resident population statistics. In order to detect errors in the census process, we surveyed the outliers of demographic data. Based on these, we aimed to verify the reliability of official demographics. Resident registration demographics showed a tendency to increase as the age increased from 0 to 12 years, although the population had to decrease as the age increased. In the population projections, as the age increases from 18 to 28, a new population has developed and the population has increased. Also, in the resident population, between 2009 and 2010, in the population projections, between 2010 and 2011, there was a strange phenomenon that the population grew as a result of a new population as the age of all ages increased. Both official demographics need to be carried out through more accurate verification. Increasing the reliability of the aged population survey on the elderly population statistics will provide greater efficiency in establishing administrative policies.

Genetic Variation and Differences within and between Populations of Cultured and Wild Bullhead (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) Revealed by RAPD-PCR

  • Yoon Jong-Man;Kim Gye-Woong;Park Hong-Yang
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.213-221
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    • 2005
  • We used nine decamer primers to generate DNA fragment sizes ranging from 100 bp to 1,600 bp from two bullhead (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) populations of Dangjin in Korea. 376 fragments were identified in the cultured bullhead population, and 454 in the population of wild bullhead from Dangjin: 287 specific fragments $(76.3\%)$ in the cultured bullhead population and 207 $(45.6\%)$ in the wild bullhead population. On average, a decamer primer was used to generate 34.2 amplified products in a cultured bullhead. A RAPD primer was used to generate an average of 3.1 amplified bands per sample, ranging between 2.5 and 6.0 fragments in this population. Nine primers also generated 24 polymorphic fragments (24/376 fragment, $6.4\%$) in the cultured bullhead population, and 24 (24/454 fragments, $5.2\%$) in the wild bullhead population. The OPA-16 primer, notably, produced which 11 out of 11 bands $(100\%)$ were monomorphic in the wild bullhead population. 110 intra-population-specific fragments, with an average of 12.2 per primer, were observed in the cultured bullhead population. 99 fragments, with an average of 11.0 per primer, were identified in the wild bullhead. Especially, 55 inter-population-common fragments, with an average of 6.1 per primer, were observed in the two bullhead populations. The bandsharing value (BS value) of individuals within the wild bullhead population was substantially higher than was determined in the cultured bullhead population. The average bandsharing value was $0.596\pm0.010$ within the cultured bullhead population,. and $0.657\pm0.010$ within the wild bullhead population. The dendrogram obtained with the nine primers indicates two genetic clusters, designated cluster $1\;(CULTURED\;01\~CULTURED\;11)$, and cluster $2\;(WILD\;12\~WILD\;22)$. Ultimately, the longest genetic distance displaying significant molecular differences was determined to exist between individuals in the two bullhead populations, namely between individuals WILD no. 19 of the wild bullhead population and CULTURED no. 03 of the cultured bullhead population (genetic distance = 0.714). RAPD-PCR allowed us to detect the existence of population discrimination and genetic variation in Korean population of bullhead. This finding indicates that this method constitutes a suitable tool for DNA comparison, both within and between individuals, populations, species, and genera.