• 제목/요약/키워드: Pool Temperature

검색결과 351건 처리시간 0.02초

지하공간 화재시 배연장비의 활용에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Application of Ventilation Equipment in an Underground Fire)

  • 이성룡;한동훈
    • 터널과지하공간
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.92-96
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 지하공간에서 화재 발생시 배연장비의 연기배출 성능을 평가하기 위하여 실험을 실시하였다. 배연장비로는 이동식 송풍기를 사용하였으며 가연물질로는 에탄올을 사용하였다. 한 변의 길이가 80cm의 정사각형 화원을 사용하였으며 최대 열방출률은 약 460 kW이다. 급기방식 배연의 영향을 평가하였다. 급기방식의 경우 실내의 가시도 향상 및 온도감소 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

충돌수분류의 천이 및 막비등열전달에 관한 연구 (An Experimental Study on Transition and Film Boiling Heat Transfer of Impinging Water Jet)

  • 엄기찬;서정윤
    • 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.87-97
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    • 1985
  • Experimental measurements of the heat flux to a upward impinging water jet on high heated test surface were obtained in the transition and film boiling regimes. Test variables were nozzle outlet velocity, subcooled water temperature and height of supplementary water. Boiling curve of this investigation is similar to a pool boiling curve, but it has one or two cap-shaped peaks in the transition regime. In the film boiling regime, the heat transfer rates are increased along with the increment of nozzle outlet velocity and subcooled temperature. There is optimum height of supplementary water for the augmentation of heat transfer Generalized correlations of boiling heat transfer are presented for maximum heat flux, minimum heat flux and $q_c$ at each supplementary height.

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FDS와 CFAST를 이용한 액체 풀화재의 수정된 디자인 화재곡선 평가 연구 (Evaluation of Modified Design Fire Curves for Liquid Pool Fires Using the FDS and CFAST)

  • 백빛나;오창보;이치영
    • 한국화재소방학회논문지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구에서는 화재 시뮬레이션에 사용하기 위해 제안된 기존의 디자인 화재곡선을 일부 수정한 디자인 화재곡선을 제안하였다. ISO 9705 구획실 내 형성된 헵탄과 옥탄 풀화재를 대상으로 기존에 제안된 1-stage 디자인 화재곡선과 수정된 2-stage 디자인 화재곡선을 입력조건으로 적용하여 FDS와 CFAST를 이용한 시뮬레이션을 수행하고 실험결과와 비교하였다. FDS와 CFAST 시뮬레이션 결과에서 온도와 $O_2$, $CO_2$ 농도에 대해서 전체적으로 2-stage 디자인 화재곡선이 1-stage 디자인 화재곡선보다 잘 예측하였으며, 특히 화재 초기 성장단계에서 온도에 대한 예측은 2-stage 디자인 화재곡선의 결과가 더 합리적임을 확인하였다. 구획실 내 온도변화에 대한 FDS와 CFAST 시뮬레이션 결과는 상층부에 대해서는 비교적 합리적으로 예측하였고 두 계산결과에 차이가 크지 않았지만 하층부에 대해서는 두 계산 모두 너무 낮게 예측하였으며 두 계산결과에도 차이가 크게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다.

수치해석을 활용한 마찰교반용접 공정의 온도 특성 분석 연구 (Study on Temperature Characteristics of Friction Stir Welding Process by Numerical Analysis)

  • 김무선
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제20권12호
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    • pp.513-518
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    • 2019
  • 마찰교반용접(Friction Stir Welding) 기술은 금속 소재를 대상으로 하는 용접기술 중의 하나로 용접대상이 되는 소재와 고속으로 회전하는 용접툴 사이의 마찰로 인한 열을 활용하여 소재의 융점 이하 온도에서 접합하는 기술이다. 이번 연구에서는 마찰교반용접을 진행할 때, 용접 대상물의 내부 온도 변화를 분석하기 위한 방법으로 수치해석기법을 사용하였다. 용접소재로는 마그네슘 합금인 AZ31을 고려하였으며, 용접현상을 멜팅풀(melting-pool)이 생성되는 유동특성으로 간주하고 유동해석을 수행하기 위해 유동특성 수치해석 툴인 FLUENT를 이용하였다. 용접과정의 유동해석을 진행하기 위해 용접소재는 고점도 뉴턴 유체로 가정하였고, 용접툴과 용접대상 소재의 경계면은 마찰 및 미끄러짐이 동시에 발생하는 조건으로 경계조건을 선정하였다. 그리고 용접툴의 회전속도 및 용접속도를 변수로 하여 다양한 해석을 진행하였다. 해석 결과로부터 용접툴의 회전속도가 높을수록, 용접속도가 느릴수록 소재 내 최고온도가 증가함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 그 중 용접툴의 회전속도 차이가 온도 변화에 더 큰 영향을 보임을 확인하였다.

Progressive Inelastic Deformation Characteristics of Cylindrical Structure with Plate-to-Shell Junction Under Moving Temperature Front

  • Lee, Hyeong-Yeon;Kim, Jong-Bum
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.400-408
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    • 2003
  • A study on the progressive inelastic deformation behavior of the 316 L stainless steel cylindrical structure with plate-to-shell junction under moving temperature front was carried out by structural test and analysis. The structural test intends to simulate the thermal ratcheting behavior occurring at the reactor baffle of the liquid metal reactor as free surface of hot sodium pool moves up and down under plant transients. The thermal ratchet load that heats the specimen up to 550$^{\circ}C$ was applied repeatedly and residual deformation was measured. The thermal ratcheting test was carried out with two types of cylindrical structures, one with plate to-shell junction and the other without the junction to investigate the effects of the geometric discontinuities on the global ratcheting deformation. The temperature distributions of the test specimens were measured and were used for the ratcheting analysis. The ratchet deformations were analyzed with the constitutive equation of the non-linear combined hardening model. The analysis results were in good agreement with those of the structural tests.

에너지 수요처의 사용특성에 따른 태양열 급탕시스템의 효율분석 (Analysis of Efficiency of Solar Hot Water System based on Energy Demand)

  • 전용준;박경순
    • 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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    • 제37권5호
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    • pp.39-47
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    • 2017
  • In a hot water system using solar energy, solar heat is not simply collected by the heat collecting plate, but by heat exchange between the solar collector (flat or vacuum type) and the hot water storage tank. Therefore, the amount of collected solar energy depends on the hot water usage patterns that determine the temperature of the thermal storage tank. Also, if the temperature of the hot water stored in the storage tank exceeds the dangerous temperature during the summer, the heat must be released for safety. If the temperature of the hot water in the storage tank is low, it is necessary to heat by the auxiliary heat source. In this study, three buildings are defined as hotel, swimming pool, and school facilities. And we calculated the released heat energy, auxiliary heat source, and pure storage heat energy based on different hot water usage patterns and installation angle of the solar collectors.

기사용 핵연료 저장조에 대한 열수력 해석 및 관련 인자의 영향 평가 (Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis and Parametric Study on the Spent Fuel Pool Storage)

  • Lee, Kye-Bock;Nam, Ki-Il;Park, Jong-Ryul;Lee, Sang-Keun
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.19-31
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    • 1994
  • 기사용 핵연료 저장조에 대한 열수력 해석과 관련된 인자들이 열수력 해석에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 기사용 핵연료에서 발생하는 붕괴열(decay heat)을 제거하기 위해 일어나는 자연 순환(natural circulation)현상을 모사하기 위해 단순화된 유동망(simplified flow network)해석 모델을 사용하였다. 기사용 핵연료 저장조의 각 셀에 저장되는 연료 집합체에서 발생하는 붕괴열을 제거하기 위해 흐르는 유량의 압력 손실량이 자연순환을 일으키는 밀도차이에 의해 생성되는 구동력(driving force)과 평형을 이루는 관계를 이용하여 지배 방정식을 유도하였다. 그러나 유량, 저항 계수, 붕괴열, 밀도 등의 변수들이 서로 종속 관계를 갖기 때문에 반복 계산을 통해 해를 얻게 된다. 본 해석을 적용한 영광 3, 4호기의 경우, 12채널을 고려하였고 사용되는 입력 (저항 계수, 붕괴열)을 보수적으로 결정하였다. 본 연구를 통해 영광 3, 4호기 기사용 핵연료 저장조의 열수력 특성을 구하였다. 또한 유동로를 따라 형성되는 유동 저항중에 기하학적 요인에 의한 압력 손실은, 기사용 핵연료 저장조의 경우 압력 용기내의 유동과 달리 천이 영역(transition region)이 존재하게 되므로 Reynolds수에 민감한 것을 알 수 있다. 간극 유동은 조밀화된 연료 집합체 (consolidated fuel assembly)가 아닌 경우 무시할 수 있었다.

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MANAGING A PROLONGED STATION BLACKOUT CONDITION IN AHWR BY PASSIVE MEANS

  • Kumar, Mukesh;Nayak, A.K.;Jain, V;Vijayan, P.K.;Vaze, K.K.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.605-612
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    • 2013
  • Removal of decay heat from an operating reactor during a prolonged station blackout condition is a big concern for reactor designers, especially after the recent Fukushima accident. In the case of a prolonged station blackout condition, heat removal is possible only by passive means since no pumps or active systems are available. Keeping this in mind, the AHWR has been designed with many passive safety features. One of them is a passive means of removing decay heat with the help of Isolation Condensers (ICs) which are submerged in a big water pool called the Gravity Driven Water Pool (GDWP). The ICs have many tubes in which the steam, generated by the reactor core due to the decay heat, flows and condenses by rejecting the heat into the water pool. After condensation, the condensate falls back into the steam drum of the reactor. The GDWP tank holds a large amount of water, about 8000 $m^3$, which is located at a higher elevation than the steam drum of the reactor in order to promote natural circulation. Due to the recent Fukushima type accidents, it has been a concern to understand and evaluate the capability of the ICs to remove decay heat for a prolonged period without escalating fuel sheath temperature. In view of this, an analysis has been performed for decay heat removal characteristics over several days of an AHWR by ICs. The computer code RELAP5/MOD3.2 was used for this purpose. Results indicate that the ICs can remove the decay heat for more than 10 days without causing any bulk boiling in the GDWP. After that, decay heat can be removed for more than 40 days by boiling off the pool inventory. The pressure inside the containment does not exceed the design pressure even after 10 days by condensation of steam generated from the GDWP on the walls of containment and on the Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS) tubes. If venting is carried out after this period, the decay heat can be removed for more than 50 days without exceeding the design limits.

Ultrashort Echo Time MRI (UTE-MRI) Quantifications of Cortical Bone Varied Significantly at Body Temperature Compared with Room Temperature

  • Jerban, Saeed;Szeverenyi, Nikolaus;Ma, Yajun;Guo, Tan;Namiranian, Behnam;To, Sarah;Jang, Hyungseok;Chang, Eric Y.;Du, Jiang
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.202-209
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: To investigate the temperature-based differences of cortical bone ultrashort echo time MRI (UTE-MRI) biomarkers between body and room temperatures. Investigations of ex vivo UTE-MRI techniques were performed mostly at room temperature however, it is noted that the MRI properties of cortical bone may differ in vivo due to the higher temperature which exists as a condition in the live body. Materials and Methods: Cortical bone specimens from fourteen donors ($63{\pm}21$ years old, 6 females and 8 males) were scanned on a 3T clinical scanner at body and room temperatures to perform T1, $T2^*$, inversion recovery UTE (IR-UTE) $T2^*$ measurements, and two-pool magnetization transfer (MT) modeling. Results: Single-component $T2^*$, $IR-T2^*$, short and long component $T2^*s$ from bi-component analysis, and T1 showed significantly higher values while the noted macromolecular fraction (MMF) from MT modeling showed significantly lower values at body temperature, as compared with room temperature. However, it is noted that the short component fraction (Frac1) showed higher values at body temperature. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for careful consideration of the temperature effects on MRI measurements, before extending a conclusion from ex vivo studies on cortical bone specimens to clinical in vivo studies. It is noted that the increased relaxation times at higher temperature was most likely due to an increased molecular motion. The T1 increase for the studied human bone specimens was noted as being significantly higher than the previously reported values for bovine cortical bone. The prevailing discipline notes that the increased relaxation times of the bound water likely resulted in a lower signal loss during data acquisition, which led to the incidence of a higher Frac1 at body temperature.

추파 청예작물의 저온 조건이 질산태 질소의 흡수와 식물조직내의 질소 화합물의 함량에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Low Temperature on Nitrate Uptake and Accumulation of Nitrogenous Compound in Fall-Sowing Species)

  • Kim, Tae-Hwan;Kim, Byung-Ho
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.223-230
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    • 1997
  • The experiments were undertaken to investigate the dynamics of $NO_3\;^-$ uptake at low temperature with forage rape(Bmssica napus), barle(Hordeum vulgare) and winter rye (Scale cereale). A net $NO_3\;^-$uptake and the contents of nitrogenous compound in tissues at low temperature ($5^{\circ}C$) were compared with normal temperature ($25^{\circ}C$).The net uptake of $NO_3\;^-$ by Brass ica nqus was the highest among three species at both temperature applied. During 9 hours after temperature treatment, $NO_3\;^-$ uptake of Brassica napus, Hordeum vulgm and Scale c e d e grown at $5^{\circ}C$ decreased to about 31, 50 and 27% compared with those grown at $25^{\circ}C$. $NO_3\;^-$ contents in roots were much sensitively affected by low temperature than those of leaves. Comparing with the plants grown at $25^{\circ}C$, $NO_3\;^-$ contents in roots of increased to 48.3, 38.7 and 53.5% repectively, for Brassica napus, Hordeum vulgare and Scale cereale during 9 days. A relatively less changes in the content of $NH_4\;^+$-N were observed according to the temperature treatment. The ontents of amino acids-N in leaves at $5^{\circ}C$ slightly decreased while that of roods remarkably increased compared with $25^{\circ}C$. Protein-N was the largest pool of nitrogen and its contents in leaves and roots showed a similar response on the temperature treatment. These results suggested that $NO_3\;^-$uptake was inhibited at low temperature. The dynamics of $NO_3\;^-$ uptake could be closely related to the increased concentration of $NO_3\;^-$ and amino acids in roots.

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