• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2012

Three dogs (An 8 years-old intact female Poodle, a 7 years-old intact male Schunauzer, and an 8 yearsold Golden Retriever) were presented due to acute vomiting, dyspnea, and generalized weakness. Megaesophagus was confirmed through radiographic examination in all 3 dogs. Relative oesophageal diameter (ROD) was measured and results of ROD measurements showed the possibility of megaesophagus secondary to myasthenia gravis in three dogs. Thus we performed anticholinesterase test as screening test for myasthenia gravis. In all three dogs, esophageal diameter was reduced after neostigmine methylsulfate administration. For definite diagnosis of acquired myasthenia gravis, serum acetylcholine receptor antibody titer was measured, but definite diagnosis was confirmed only in one case. However, based on history, radiographic findings, anticholinesterase test, ROD measurement, other two cases were still suspected as megaesophagus secondary to myasthenia gravis. Treatment with pyridostigmine bromide was initiated in all dogs, and improvement of esophageal diameter was shown in all dogs. One dog was successfully managed for 15 months after initial treatment and, is still alive, but other two dogs were died shortly after initial treatment, because of severe aspiration pneumonia.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.488-490
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• 2010

Lymphangiosarcoma was described in a 2-year-old male Miniature Poodle. A 5 cm by 3 cm slightly elevated tan ventral abdominal mass was surgically removed with a wide margin and submitted for diagnosis. The mass has being grown rapidly during the last six months. On histopathology, the mass was composed of anastomosing channels or empty spaces which were free of red blood cells and lined by flat to plump pleomorphic neoplastic cells. The neoplastic channels or spaces were invasive into the surrounding fat and muscle tissues. Mild perivascular lymphocytic infiltration was also noted. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive to vimentin and Factor VIII. Based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the tumor was diagnosed as lymphangiosarcoma. Recurrence or metastasis was not noted so far after surgery.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 1996

Systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog, suspected systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog, and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura hemmorrhagica in a dog are reported. A fice-year old, female Chihuahua (Case 1) showed initially hemorrhagic diathesis and purpura hemorrhagica. Afterward, it showed polymyositis and polyarthritis. LE-cell was demonstrated on LE-cell preparation trom blood. Systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed. This reponded well to the immunosuppressants, but developed iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and steroid hepatopathy. A two-and-half-year old, male toy poodle (Case 2) had chief complaint of red urine. Occult blood test for the urine sediment. This did not respond at all to antibiotics and carbazochrome, which is one of systemic coagulants. LE-cell was demonstrated on LE-cell preparation from blood. This responded relatively well to immunosupressants such as prenisolone, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide. systemic lupus erythematosus is suspected. A nine-year-and-three-month old, female Maltese (Case 3), which had history of congestive heart failure and ovariohysterectomy showed purpura hemorrhagica in the skin of chest. This had severe thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis. As prednisolone was administered before immunological examination or demonstration of LE-cell, it was impossible to diagnose whether purpura hemorrhagica developed as a member of systemic lupus erythematosus or independent of systemic lupus erythematosus. This responded well to prednisolone, and so autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura hemorrhagica was diagnosed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.298-302
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• 2009

A poodle with clinical signs of colorectal disease was diagnosed as pneumatosis coli. In this dog, hypoadrenocorticism and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia concurred. Pneumatosis coli is one of the emphysematous gastrointestinal diseases. The etiology is unknown but mechanical, pulmonary and bacterial theories have been proposed. In pneumatosis coli, gas accumulates within submucosal or subserosal layer of colon or rectum, so intramural radiolucent gas is observed on abdominal radiographs. In this dog, intramural gas accumulation occurred in cecum. Definitive diagnosis was based on radiographic findings and an underlying cause was not elicited. Pneumatosis coli should be included into differential diagnosis for nonspecific colorectal signs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.290-294
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• 2016

A 13-month-old intact female poodle dog presented with an acute history of circling and seizure episodes. On the basis of the results of neurologic examination combined with magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF), meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) was suspected. Therapy with mycophenolate mofetil plus prednisolone was initiated, following which the clinical signs showed improvement for only one month before gradually worsening again. Acute progression of the clinical disease was observed, and the patient was euthanized 91 days after initial presentation. This case was definitively diagnosed as necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) according to the results of post-mortem histopathological examination. This report describes the clinical findings, serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics, and histopathological changes in a case of acute NME.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.246-252
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• 2022

Multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO) reportedly has a good prognosis after complete resection. This study reports the successful treatment of MLO in two dogs using 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology. A nine-year-old castrated male Maltese (Case 1) and a five-year-old castrated male poodle (Case 2) both presented with a mass in the skull. Diagnostic imaging revealed a cranial mass arising from the cranio-orbital and parieto-occipital bones. The masses were resected using 3D-printed osteotomy guides, and the resulting defects were reconstructed using 3D-printed patient-specific implants. Histopathological results confirmed the resection of MLOs with clean margins. Patients routinely recover from surgery without complications. To date, the two patients remain alive without clinical signs of tumor recurrence at 20 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. In the management of MLO in dogs, 3D printing technology can allow accurate tumor resection, reduced surgical time, and successful reconstruction of large defects.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2022

Vertebral left atrial size can be used as a radiographic tool to evaluate left atrial size in dogs. Vertebral left atrial size has been studied in dogs; however, few studies have been conducted on breed-specific differences in healthy dogs. To study the median vertebral left atrial size differences by breed and to investigate the association between age, sex, body condition score, thoracic depth-to-width ratio, and vertebral left atrial size. A total of 220 dogs of the following breeds: Maltese (n = 73), Beagle (n = 30), Poodle (n = 41), Shih-tzu (n = 44), and Mongrel (n = 32) were reviewed retrospectively. Sex, body weight, age, and body condition score of each dog were collected. Thoracic radiography was conducted for dorsoventral and right/left lateral views in all dogs to measure the vertebral heart score, vertebral left atrial size, and thoracic depth-to-width ratio. No significant differences in the median vertebral left atrial size were found among the breeds. There were no effects of sex, age, body condition score, and thoracic depth-to-width ratio on vertebral left atrial size. There was a significant positive correlation between the vertebral heart score and vertebral left atrial size. Breed, age, sex, and chest conformation did not correlate with vertebral left atrial size.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.173-176
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• 2022

Intravenous catheterization is a common procedure in human and veterinary medicine. Occasionally, a catheter might break within the blood vessel, and the fragment may cause embolization, infections, or other severe complications, and therefore must be removed promptly. For a successful and low-risk removal, the fragment should be localized accurately; however, ultrasound may be challenging to perform on small dogs due to inadequate probes. We report the case of a 2-year-old, 2.6 kg, intact female toy poodle that presented to the veterinary medical center owing to a recent onion intake; the owner requested to induce emesis. A 24 gauge peripheral intravenous catheter was inserted into the cephalic vein prior to the emetic injection. When the clinician removed the catheter, a device breakage was observed. A tourniquet was applied immediately proximal to the elbow. Ultrasonography was performed with a high-frequency small-footprint linear array transducer, also called a hockey-stick probe, to localize the fragment. An additional ultrasound was performed before surgery to confirm the location of the catheter piece, which migrated 5 cm proximally. Afterward, a surgical intervention allowed us to retrieve the fragment. This report highlights the effectiveness of a hockey-stick probe to determine the location of a catheter fragment in small breed dogs.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.145-148
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in body temperature of canine via their hair lengths before and after grooming. A total of 120 companion canines were used in this study for a total of 6 weeks, and 20 dogs each week consisted of both 10 poodles and 10 malteses (five females and males). For accurate temperature measurement, the anal depth was measured at approximately 1.5 cm. Temperature before and after grooming was measured at 10 am and after more than three hours, respectively. There was statistical significance (p<0.05) in body temperature changes for male poodles at 1, 2, and 3 weeks and for female poodles at 1, 3, 4, and 5 weeks, and the total period showed a statistical difference for both male and female poodles (p<0.05). In addition, male and female malteses had an effect (p<0.05) on changes in body temperature at 1 and 6 weeks and only at 4 weeks, respectively. For total period, there was a statistical difference in male and female poodles (p<0.05). Moreover, when the temperature changes of females were compared, there was no remarkable difference. In conclusion, the body temperatures of both male and female dogs according to the length of their hair were lower after grooming than before grooming. The measurement of body temperature three hours after grooming, which could reduce stress or other factors, is judged to be able to help customers who are worried about clipping.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 2015

An 8-year old intact female poodle was presented to clinics due to abdominal distension, anorexia, and labored breath associated with pleural effusion. Intra-operative findings revealed multiple neoplasm of the greater omentum, involving anterolateral abdominal wall, sterna surface in the pleural cavity and diaphragm. These masses were 0.1~0.5 cm in diameter and extended to ovaries, pancreas, and serosal surface of stomach. Microscopically, most neoplastic cells had oval nuclei with prominent nucleoli and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. In deeper area, neoplastic acinus or glandular structures showed invaginated growth resembling adenocarcinoma. High mitotic figures were observed. By immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells were strong positive both cytokeratin and vimentin. The present case described for malignant mesothelioma in a dog. Our findings might be helpful for diagnosis and information and helped the clinics choose the treatment including chemotherapy such as cisplatin.