• 한국동물학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 1995

Putative gamma aminobu%sic acid (GABA)-ersic elements in the basilar pontine nuclei were examined in the dos using an antiserum against GABA-glutaraldehvde-protein conjusBtes and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. GABA-immunoreactive neuronal somata in the basilar Pons exhibited various morphology with the majority being spindle-shaped or multipolar, while some were spheroidal. The size of GABA-orgic neuronal somata was relatively small (approximately $10-20\mum)$ in diameter. GABA-immunoreactive neurons were scattered throughout the pontine nuclei, but the midline region of the medial nucleus at the rostral pons, the lateral nucleus at mid-pontine levels, and the ventral nucleus at the caudal pons exhibited a relatively greater concentration of cell bodies. A sparse number of GABA-ergic neurons were observed within the cerebral peduncle and along the ventral borders of the basilar pons adjacent to the middle cerebellar peduncle at the rostrocaudal levels of the pontine nuclei. These obsenrations provide anatomic evidence of how this inhibitory neural element performs its function in the cortico-prontocerbellar circuitry.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2007

Objective : Pontine hemorrhages usually result in a much higher morbidity and mortality than any other intracranial vascular lesion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate survival and the contributing factors for patients with pontine hemorrhage. Methods : Of the 41 patients who were admitted to our hospital with their first acute pontine hemorrhage from 1997 to 2005, 35 patients were included in this study. Medical records were reviewed to confirm the accuracy of diagnosis and collect demographic, clinical and radiological data. The patients were divided into two groups, survivors and deceased patients; then the survivors were divided again into a group of patient with good results and those with poor results. The location of the hematoma, maximum anteroposterior [AP] diameter, maximum transverse diameter, hematoma volume, ventricular extension, extension into the midbrain, hydrocephalus and initial Glasgow coma scale [GCS] were evaluated. Results : The two year survival rate was 58.5%. The survival of patients with pontine hemorrhage was affected by initial GCS score and transverse hematoma dimeter. Functional outcome of patients who survived was affected by initial GCS, maximum transverse diameter, maximum AP diameter and hematoma volume. Conclusion : The rate of survival after pontine hemorrhage is associated with the transverse diameter of the hematoma and more importantly the initial GCS. Long-term outcome of survivors is influenced by the initial GCS, transverse diameter, AP diameter and volume. Through the multivariate analysis, initial GCS is the only significant factor on survival. Strictly speaking, initial GCS is not modifiable. However, surgical reduction may be considered to amend theses decisive factors. Additional study for indication, timing and method of surgical management is needed.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.881-888
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• 2005

Pontine infarction presents variable neurologic deficits because the pons is a very complicated organ with cranial nerve nuclei and several fiber tracts. A 65 year-old women with dizzness, ataxia and diplopia because of Pontine infarction was admitted at Wonkwang University Jeonju Oriental Medicine Hospital. She was treated with the herbal medicine Joganiknoe-tang(助肝益腦湯) and with acupunture. Improvement in these symptoms was observed, so the specifics of the process in which the patient was treated are here described. Results suggest that Joganiknoe-tang(助肝益腦湯) is an effective treatment for symptoms of pontine infarction.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effect of Korean and Western medical treatment on a hemiplegic inpatient with central pontine myelinolysis(CPM). Methods : A patient who was diagnosed with central pontine myelinolysis(CPM) was treated with acupuncture, herbal medicine, Korean physical therapy, along with receiving continuous Western medication and rehabilitation treatment. The patient was evaluated through Manual Muscle Testing(MMT), measurement of grip strength, dysarthria, and dysuresia. The Korean and Western medical treatment was conducted for 4 weeks. Results : After the 4 weeks of Korean and Western medical treatment, MMT grade improved from 2 to 4 and grip strength improved from 6 to 13. Dysarthria and dysuresia also improved. Conclusion : According to these results, this report suggests that Korean and Western medical treatment could be effective in the treatment of central pontine myelinolysis(CPM) patients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.298-304
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• 2016

Objective: : This clinical study reports on the effect of Sunghyangjungki-san-gami and Banhabaeckchulchunma-tang-gami on hemiplegia, dizziness, and hiccupping caused by pontine infarction.Methods: This study was performed on one patient with hemiplegia, dizziness, and hiccupping caused by pontine infarction. The patient was treated by Sunghyangjungki-san-gami and Banhabaeckchulchunma-tang-gami from 6 January to 2 March 2015. The National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), motor grade, and numerical rating scale (NRS) were used to assess the effectiveness of this treatment.Results: After treatment, the patient’s discomfort decreased significantly, and NIHSS, motor grade, and NRS scores were all improved.Conclusion: This clinical study suggests that traditional Korean medicine may be effective in treating hemiplegia, dizziness, and hiccupping caused by pontine infarction.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.889-895
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• 2000

I experienced a case of a patient with clinical features of cerebellar dysfunction in the intracranial hemorrhage which encroached the basis of lower pontine and all parts of pontine tegmentum. So I report this case with bibliographical inquiry. In addition, I applied the treatment of Oriental medicine to sequelae of intracranial hemorrhage like disorders of eye movement, central dizziness, cerebellar tremor and ataxias but the effect did not meet my expectation. I anticipate more clinical studies and reports on this hereafter.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2017

Objectives: This case study evaluated the effectiveness of Chengsimyeonja-tang-gamibang (Gamicheongsim-tang and Cheongsimsunhwal-tang) in a patient with a pontine hemorrhage and quadriparesis, dysarthria, and dysphagia. Methods: A patient diagnosed with a pontine hemorrhage was treated with Chengsimyeonja-tang-gamibang (Gamicheongsim-tang and Cheongsimsunhwal-tang) acupuncture, and moxibustion. The manual muscle test (MMT), modified Barthel index (MBI), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Mini Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K), and Articulatory Functional Ability of Achievement Scale were administered. Results: Improvements in the MMT, MBI, NIHSS, mRS, and K-MMSE were observed after the treatment. The MMT grade increased from Rt. 3/3- and Lt. 3/3- pretreatment to Rt. 4/4 and Lt. 4+/4+ post-treatment. The MBI increased from 10 to 50 post-treatment. The NIHSS decreased from 24 to 6 post-treatment, and the mRS fell from 5 to 4 post-treatment. Finally, the MMSE-K increased from 0 to 24 post-treatment. The Articulatory Functional Ability of Achievement Scale also improved. Conclusion: This study shows that Chengsimyeonja-tang-gamibang can be used to treat the symptoms of patients with a pontine hemorrhage.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권2호통권70호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2007

파킨슨병은 진전, 경직, 운동완만을 특징으로 하는 대표적인 신경계퇴행성 질환이다. 본 증례보고에서는 치료받은 적 없는 파킨슨병 환자가 뇌교경색이 발병하여 내원한 경우였으며 침과 한약의 한의학적 치료로 유의성 있는 치료결과를 얻었기에 이에 보고하는 바이다. 치료과정 중 특히 환자의 복진상 흉협고만(胸脇苦滿)이 보이는 점과 구역감이 지속되면서 식사를 못하는 점, 우울증으로 인한 가슴 답답함이 있는 상태를 상한론(傷寒論)의 소시호탕증(小柴胡湯症)으로 판단하고 소시호탕(小柴胡湯)을 투여하면서 환자의 오심, 구토 등 소화기장애뿐 아니라 뇌교경색과 파킨슨병의 증상까지도 눈에 띄는 개선을 볼 수 있었는데 이는 항파킨슨제의 부작용으로 인한 증상뿐 아니라 파킨슨병의 증상 및 뇌교경색으로 인한 증상이 모두 호전된 것이라 생각할 수 있다. 아쉬운 점은 증례가 1 Case 뿐이므로 다른 경우와 비교할 수 없었고, 침치료에 있어서는 뚜렷한 효과를 보지 못하였으며, 또한 항파킨슨 약물을 중지하면서 소시호탕(小柴胡湯)을 사용하였기 때문에 항파킨슨 약물의 오심, 구토의 부작용을 소시호탕(小柴胡湯)을 사용하여 완화시키면서 항파킨슨 약물을 병용하였다면 좀 더 나은 치료효과를 볼 수 있지 않았을까 하는 기대감이 있으나 시행하지 못한 아쉬움이 있다. 좀 더 연구가 필요하다 하겠다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.222-225
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• 2008

Hiccup is one of common symptoms that remains poorly understood. The hiccups coordinating center is located in the brain-stem reticular formation. Hiccups may be derived from 400 medical origins. Stroke is an infrequent cause of intractable hiccups. Intractable hiccups in pontine infarction remain poorly understood. As for treatments of hiccups, physical stimulating methods, pharmacological therapies and surgery are occidental conventional methods. In Pharmacological therapies, antidepressants, gastric motility stimulants, antispastic drugs are commonly used. Oriental medicines and acupuncture are also used frequently to treat hiccups. We have treated a case of intractable hiccup induced by pontine infarction with herbal medication; Gwakhyangjeonggi-san gami, acupuncture and moxibustion, and successfully improved. This case showed oriental medicine therapy is effective in intractable hiccup induced by pontine infarction.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.639-647
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• 2009

Objective : This study was case report to show the good effects of herbal medicine (Daekumeum-ja) and acupuncture complex therapy for central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). Method : A 44-year-old man suffering from CPM was chronic alcoholic without electrolyte disturbance. He showed symptoms of dysarthria, dysphagia, dizziness, weakness of lower extremities and gait disturbance. CPM was diagnosed at his former hospital by MR imaging. He had no positive response to western treatments. We treated the patient with herbal extract (Daekumeum-ja) and acupuncture. Results : After our treatments, there was no change of Brain CT. But overall symptoms of CPM were improved. Conclusion : This study suggests that herbal medicine (Daekumeum-ja) and acupuncture complex therapy is probably effective in the treatment of CPM.