• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나와 폴리비닐알코올(PVA; polyvinyl alcohol)을 이용한 습도 센서에 대하여 연구하였다. PVA는 습도에 따라 유전율이 변하는 고분자 물질이며, 전계 변화에 민감한 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나의 방사면에 직사각형 슬롯을 추가하여 비유전율 변화에 대한 감도를 높였다. 0.76 mm 두께의 RF-35 기판에 제작된 안테나의 직사각형 슬롯이 추가된 방사면 주변을 PVA로 얇게 코팅한 후, 온습도 챔버를 사용하여 25도에서 상대습도를 40%에서 80%까지 10% 간격으로 증가시켜 안테나 입력 반사 계수의 공진 주파수와 크기의 변화를 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 상대습도가 40%에서 80%로 증가할 때 안테나 입력 반사 계수의 공진 주파수는 2.447 GHz에서 2.418 GHz로 감소하였고, 입력 반사 계수의 크기는 -7.112 dB에서 -3.428 dB로 증가하였다.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제67권
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• pp.326-332
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• 2018

In this study,the result shows that polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate (PVA-SA) gel bead crosslinked with sodium sulfate are better among the different methods by comparing the relative mechanical strength, mechanical strength swelling and expansion coefficient of beads in water. Subsequently, anammox biomass entrapment by PVA-SA gel was introduced into continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). After 24 operation days, the nitrogen removal efficiency achieved 60%, while the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) was $0.14kgN/m^3/d$ and the experiment data indicated that PVA-SA gel bead crosslinked with sodium sulfate can be used to initiate anammox process. Furthermore, it is an alternative for culturing anammox in a long-term operation.

• 유변학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 1999

붕산은 폴리비닐알코올(PVA)의 히드록시기간의 가교를 형성할 수 있기 때문에 PVA용액내에 가입되면 용액의 유변학적 특성에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 양이온이 존재하지 않는 경우 PVA/디메틸술폭시드(DMSO)/물/붕산계에 있어서 물의 함량이 유변학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. PVA/DMSO/물계에 붕산을 1 wt.% 첨가할 경우 물 함량이 증가할 수록 점도가 급속히 감소하였다. PVA/DMSO계에 1 wt.%의 붕산이 가입된 경우 양이온이 없어도 강한 가교구조를 형성하여 탄성겔의 점탄성특성을 나타낸 반면 PVA/물계에 1 wt.%의 붕산이 가입된 경우 전형적인 점성물질의 특성을 나타냈다. 순수한 DMSO나 혼합용매중 DMSO의 함량이 높으면 양이온의 존재없이도 붕산첨가에 의해 가교구조를 형성하여 급격한 점도변화를 나타냈으나 물 함량이 풍부한 계에서는 붕산의 첨가에 따른 점도의 변화가 미약하였으며 순수한 물을 용매로 사용한 경우 붕산첨가의 영향이 거의 없었다. 저장탄성률도 PVA/DMSO계의 경우가 가장 높은 값을 보였고 혼합용매계에는 물함량이 증가할 수록 감소하였다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.38.1-38.1
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• 2010

Nanofibers have a large potential in air filtration applications. In this work, we have developed a photocatalytic polyvinyl alcohol PVA/$TiO_2$ nanofibers membrane for the treatment of air filtration by using electrospinning method. PVA were electrospun into nanofibrous membranes and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were loaded in PVA nanofibers in various contents from 10% (w/w) to 50% (w/w). The UV-Vis spectra were conducted for testing the existence of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles in PVA fibers. SEM analysis indicated that $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were loaded on the surface of PVA fibers and dispersed linearly along the fiber direction, which originated from the effect of polarization and orientation caused by high electric field. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the crystalline of the membrane. Tensile strength was measured to evaluate the physical properties of the membrane. Therefore, our work suggested that PVA/$TiO_2$ nanofiber membrane has a potential application in air filtration area.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.215-218
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• 2002

Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)는 1924년 W. O. Herrmann과 W. Haehnel이 Poly(vinyl esters)를 caustic soda 용액에서 비누화하여 합성한 뒤 많은 연구 및 사용되어지고 있는 고분자이다. 환경친화적이고, 인체에 무해하여 인공관절, 콘택트 렌즈 등에 이용이 되고 있다. 특히 구조가 선형적이고 zig-zag구조를 가지기 때문에 고강도, 고탄성을 갖는 섬유의 제조가 가능한 소재이다[1]. PVA섬유의 제조는 용매를 이용한 습식방사 및 겔방사로 섬유를 제조한다. (중략)

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2007

A novel hydrogen fermentation technique by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel beads as a biomass carrier was investigated. The hydrogen gas was stably produced throughout the experimental period in a continuous reactor. Even though the hydrogen productivity was suddenly decrease by experimental troubles, the bacteria attached to the PVA gel beads played as an inoculum, it was promptly recovered. The hydrogen yield per glucose was not very high ($1.0-1.2mol-H_2/mol-glucose$), thus the optimization of the experimental conditions such as ORP and HRT should be considered to improve the hydrogen productivity. Bacterial community was stable during experimental period after the PVA gel beads applying, which indicated that applying of biomass carrier was specific to keep not only the biomass but also the bacteria commonly. Clostridium species were phylogenetically detected, which suggested that these bacteria contributed to the hydrogen production in the biofilm attached to the PVA gel beads.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1999

Cosmetic mask is one of the traditional cosmetic product and is used to keep skin healthy and beautiful through moisturizing effect, cleansing effect and acceleration effect on microcirculation. There are several types of cosmetic mask such as peel-off type, tissue-off type, wash-off type and cotton sheet type immersed in cosmetic water. It is important for cosmetic formulators to develop an adequate type of cosmetic mask that meets the needs of the target consumers because each type of cosmetic mask has benefits and problems in its usage and efficacy. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is widely used as an active ingredient of peel-off type cosmetic mask and the physical property of the PVA film changes with the usage of other ingredients. We studied the change of physical properties of the film containing PVA by formulating peel-off type cosmetic mask with the variation of humectants. Methylguceth-20 and glycereth-26 reduce the interaction between skin surface and PVA film without serious weakening of tensile strength and they can alleviate irritation. Glycerin, urea and betaine help PVA film soften and they also have excellent efficacy as humectants.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2008

Cellulose nanofibers from microfibril cellulose (MFC) was prepared by hydrobromic acid (HBr) treatment at different concentrations. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films at various loading level of nanofibers were manufactured by a film casting method. The analysis of degree of polymerization (DP), crystallinity ($X_c$) and molecular weight ($M_w$) of cellulose after acid treatment was conducted. The mechanical and thermal properties of the cellulose nanofibers reinforced PVA films were characterized using tensile tests and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The DP and $M_w$ of MFC by HBr hydrolysis considerably decreased, but $X_c$ showed no significant change. After acid hydrolysis, the diameter of cellulose nanofibers was in the range of 100 to 200 nm. The thermal stability of the films was steadily improved with the increase of nanofiber loading. There was a significant increase in the tensile strength of PVA composite films with the increase in MFC loading. Finally, 5 wt.% nanofiber loading exhibited the highest tensile strength and thermal stability of PVA composite films.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2018

Polyvinyl alcohol/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/NaCMC) hydrogels were prepared by physical crosslinking (cyclic freezing/thawing) and gamma (${\gamma}$)-ray irradiation to evaluate the effect of NaCMC concentration (2~8 wt%) on the mechanical properties and the biocompatibility of the PVA/NaCMC hydrogels. The swelling rate of PVA/NaCMC hydrogels regardless of irradiation rose with increasing NaCMC content from 2 wt% to 8 wt%, while the gelation rate was the reverse. As the NaCMC content increased from 2 wt% to 6 wt%, the compressive strength of the hydrogels increased dramatically from $8.5{\pm}2.0kPa$ to $52.7{\pm}2.5kPa$ before irradiation and from $13.5{\pm}2.9kPa$ to $65.5{\pm}8.7kPa$ after irradiation. When 8 wt% NaCMC was added afterwards, the compressive strength decreased however. The irradiated PVA/NaCMC hydrogels containing 6 wt% NaCMC exhibited the tailored properties of the swelling rate of $118{\pm}3.7%$, the gelation rate of $71.4{\pm}1.3%$, the strength of $65.5{\pm}8.7kPa$, respectively, and no cytotoxicity was observed.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 1999년도 IFSCC . ASCS 학술대회 발표 논문
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• pp.51-55
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• 1999

Cosmetic mask is one of the traditional cosmetic product and is used to keep skin healthy and beautiful through moisturizing effect, cleansing effect and acceleration effect on microcirculation. There are several types of cosmetic mask such as peel-off type, tissue-off type, wash-off type and cotton sheet type immersed in cosmetic water. It is important for cosmetic formulators to develop an adequate type of cosmetic mask that meets the needs of the target consumers because each type of cosmetic mask has benefits and problems in its usage and efficacy. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is widely used as an active ingredient of peel-off type cosmetic mask and the physical property of the PVA film changes with the usage of other ingredients. We studied the change of physical properties of the film containing PVA by formulating peel-off type cosmetic mask with the variation of humectants. Methylguceth-20 and glycereth-26 reduce the interaction between skin surface and PVA film without serious weakening of tensile strength and they can alleviate irritation. Glycerin, urea and betaine help PVA film soften and they also have excellent efficacy as humectants.