• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 1990

In order to examine that what kind of system correlated with cadmium detoxification mechanism in Klebsiella aerogenes ATCC 10031, we tried to investigate the effect of phosphate upon the detoxification and also elucidate whether the cadmium phosphate and/or polymeric Cd-Pi complex is formed actually in cell or not. As the results, it was shown that growing pattern had long lag adaptive phase of 12 hr to 24 hr, at the concentrations of 0.02 mM and 0.08 mM cadmium, respectively. Cadmium was accumulated more highly in the fraction of cell wall and membrane than in those of cytoplasm. In case of phosphate starving cells added cadmium, inorganic polyphosphate system was primarily correlated with Cd-detoxification during the lag phase for the accommodation to cadmium, on the other hand, Cd:Sulfide complex system secondarily correlated it during the stationary phase. These results implied that polyphosphate system and Cd:sulfide complex system, these two systems were operated compensatively each other. Considering the results obsdrved with EM and examined tha changes of sulfide and polyphosphate amount, it was reflected that Cd:S complex was located at the cell surface. In the results of $in-vivo^{31}$P NMR spectra in the cells with cadmium pressure, several phosphate signals arose newly from the polyphosphate region with moving chemical shift of it. This phinomenon strongly implied the actual existence of Dd:Pi comples and /or Cd:poly-P complex in the cell and also the cellular compartmentalization of cadmium detoxifying mechanism.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 1985

Elastomer-filler interaction in terms of characterization of filler effects was studied using natural rubber(NR) loaded with kaolin fillers modified with sodium polyphosphate and poly(maleic anhydride), respectively. Kaolins modified with sodium polyphosphate or poly(maleic anhydride) show adhering characteristics by Kraus plot. Reinforcement activity according to Cunneen-Russell method is given by those fillers, in which sodium polyphosphate-treated kaolin presents more favorable results than that treated with poly(maleic anhydride) with respect to adhesion constant, reinforcement extent, elastic constant, and crosslink density. When applied to Blanchard's linkage reinforcement theory, NR vulcanizates loaded with kaolin modified with sodium polyphosphate meet the requirements for both approximate linkage reinforcement(${\psi}'$) of 1.02 to 4.94 and accurate linkage reinforcement($\psi$) of 1.00 to 1.18, representing the values of effective wetting($C_{\psi}$) for 0.001 to 0.029 and intrinsic linkage reinforcement(${\psi}_0$) for 1.015 to 1.124, respectively, whille negligible linkage reinforcement is shown by NR vulcanizates loaded with kaolin treated with poly(maleic anhydride). Dynamic storage modulus(G') given by surface modified kaolins presents more favorable crosslink density rates of $2.260{\times}10^{-5}\;mole/cm^3-min$. for sodium polyphosphate treated kaolin and $1.305{\times}10^{-5}\;mole/cm^3-min$. for poly(maleic anhydride) treated kaolin, respectively, compared to untreated kaolin showing the rate of $1.033{\times}10^{-5}\;mole/cm^3-min$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 1966

1. Uniformly $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells were further grown in a standard "cold" medium and aliquots of the algal cells were taken out at the beginning of, and at intervals during the culture, and subjected to analyze the contents of $^{32}$ P and total P in various fractions of the cell constituents. 2. When the $^{32}P$--labeled algae were grown in a normal "cold" medium, the P-contents in the fractions of DNA and protein increased. In the meantime the $^{32}P$- in acid-insoluble polyphosphate fraction decreased considerably, while that in RNA-polyphosphate complex significantly increased. 3. It was inferred that, under the experimental conditions of the present study, the phosphorus in polyphosphate seems to be transferred to RNA polyposphate complex and the phosphorus used in the synthesis of DNA and protein was, directly or indirectly, taken from those fractions above.ose fractions above.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1527-1535
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• 2009

Polyphosphate (polyP) plays diverse physiological functions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but most of their detailed mechanisms are still obscure. Here, we show that deletion of polyphosphate kinase (PPK), the principal enzyme responsible for synthesis of polyP, resulted in augmented expression of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and rpoS and lowered $H_2O_2$ sensitivity in Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC14028. The binding of cAMP-CRP complex to rpoS promoter and further stimulation of its transcription were proved through electrophoretic mobility shift assay, lacZ fusion, and exogenous cAMP addition, respectively. The rpoS expression increased in cpdA (cAMP phosphodiesterase coding gene) mutant, further suggesting that cAMP-CRP upregulated rpoS expression. These results demonstrate that PPK affects oxidative stress response by modulating crp and rpoS expression in S. Typhimurium.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1968

Chlorella ellipsoidea were grown in a Mg-free medium. Aliquots of the algal cell were taken out at the beginning and predetermined time intervals during the culture and were analyzed the contents of phosphate in various fractions of the cell constituents. The results obtained were compared with those of the control. When Chlorella cells were grown in a Mg-free medium, the contents of phosphate in the DNA protein, RNA-olyphosphate complex, nucleotidic-lbileP, and PCA-soluble, fractions decreased compared with those of the control, while the content of acid insoluble polyphosphate increased significantly. On the otherhand, RNA-P and lipid-P showed the tendency of decrease at the early stage of the culture, but they were increased more than those in the control as culture proceeds. It is showed that phosphate turnover from acid-insoluble polyphosphate into DNA, protein, and RNA-polyphosphate complex was inhibited by magnesium-deficiency of the cells.

• Food Industry
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• s.98
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• pp.31-41
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• 1989

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.97-103
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• 1972

In this paper, the effects of some additives to the quality of fish cake such as salt, polyphosphate, and starch were tested. Besides, that of washing and alterative heating procedure were also discussed. From the result of quality test by measuring jelly strength and sensory evaluation the product was quite palatable to common, and the addition of salt and starch as 3 and 5 to 15 percent respectively, resulted in the best jelly strength of the product, it was markedly enforced when a small amount of polyphosphate ($0.3\%$) was added. It is suggested for a processing method of carp meat fish cake that meat is to be bleached by wasing at least 8 times repeatedly with tenfold tap water by volume of meat, and that the meat is previously chilled at 2 to $3^{\circ}C$ for so minutes and ground thoroughly with addition of 3 percent of salt, 5 to 15 percent starch, and 0.3 percent polyphosphate, and finally heat processed by two stages: at first, heated for 1 hour at $35^{\circ}C$ and alteratively heated for 30 minutes at $90^{\circ}C$ as the final.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 1982

Highly phosphorylated nucleotides were investigated to assure whether the eucaryotic Aspergillus niger produce these substances or not during the differentiation. Investigation was extended to see how organic phosphate interacts with inorganic polyphosphate during development, and high molecular weight RNA-polyphosphate complex was detected in 2.6% polyacrylamide gel by electrophoresis. Guanosine tetraphosphate was found in vesicle and phialide forming mycelia and spore forming body by PEI cellulose TLC. It is revealed that guanosine tetraphosphate is a common substance for spore formation in eucaryotic microorganisms as well as in procaryotic. Especially, prior to sporulation, protein bound RNA and protein bound phosphate may occur as a result of reorganization of cellular materials. The evidence was obtained by the fact of differential increase of optical density ratio between the samples from different developmental stages of this fungus. In 2.6% polyacrylamide gel which was run to electrophoresis, high molecular weight RNA (mostly rRNA) was found to couple and to make RNA-polyphosphate complex. The complex was examined with enzymes and radioactive isotope of $^{32}P$. (enzymic test was not reported here.) RNA-polyphosphate complex might be another sort of highly phosphorylated nucleotide or rRNA beside guanosine-tetraphosphate.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.171-174
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• 2014

$\small{L}$-Arginine was applied to processed pork sausages and evaluated as a substitute for commonly used inorganic polyphosphate. Processed pork sausage was prepared with an addition of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0% (w/w) $\small{L}$-arginine. Quality characteristics of the processed pork sausages were than evaluated in terms of pH, moisture content, emulsion stability and textural properties. The pH of sausage increased with increasing $\small{L}$-arginine concentration. Moisture content of 0.25% $\small{L}$-arginine sausage, emulsion stability of 0.5% $\small{L}$-arginine sausage, and textural properties of 1.0% $\small{L}$-arginine sausage were similar to those of 0.5% polyphosphate sausage, respectively. In terms of sensory evaluation, taste and overall acceptability of 0.5% $\small{L}$-arginine sausage were slightly higher than those of 0.5% polyphosphate sausage and textural properties were reversed. According to sensory score and quality characteristics, $\small{L}$-arginine had a potential as a substitute for inorganic polyphosphate and the optimum concentration of $\small{L}$-arginine was around 0.5%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food and Cookery Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2003

생면제조시 각종 인산염의 효과를 구명하기 위하여 PG(propylene glycol), 폴리인산나트륨, 메타인산나트륨, 피로인산나트륨 등을 단독 또는 복합으로 첨가하여 제면특성 및 저장 중 생기는 이화학적 특성을 비교, 조사하였다. 인산염의 단독 또는 복합 처리에 의한 amylogram 특성은 최고점도의 경우 대조구, PG, polyphosphate, pyrophosphate, metaphosphate, PG+poly., PG+pyro. 및 PG+meta. 첨가구에서 273, 269, 274, 260, 272, 295, 269 RVU이었고 setback 값은 대조구, PG, polyphosphate, pyrophosphate, metaphosphate, PG+poly., PG+pyro. 및 PG+meta. 첨가구에서 104, 97, 92, 99, 99, 95, 102 RVU이었다. (중략)