• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.552-552
• /
• 2001

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a major role in the development of periapical bone resorption. IL-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ are known to stimulate bone resorption and inhibit bone formation. Recent evidence has indicated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have the ability to release IL-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ Calcium hydroxide is an effective medicament in root canal infections, reducing the microbial titre within the canal. It has been proposed that the therapeutic effect of $Ca(OH)_2$ may also be the result of direct inactivation of LPS.(omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.165-169
• /
• 1998

Inhibitory effects of 16 cinnamic acid analogs on formyl-Met-Leu-Phe(fMLP)-induced chemotaxis of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes were determined by using a microchemotaxis appa ratus. 3,4-Dlhydrocinnamic acid called as caffeic acid exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the chemotaxis among cinnamic acid analogs tested in this study. Hydroxycinnamic acids exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on the chemotaxis than cinnnamic acid. Hydroxycinnamic acids with one hydroxy group at ortho, meta or para position exhibited similar inhibitory effects on the chemotaxis with corresponding methoxy cinnamic acids, but 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid did stronger inhibitory effects than 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid exhibited weaker inhibitory effects on the chemotaxis than 1,2-dimethoxy-4-propenylbenzene and 3,4-dimethoxy cinnamonitrile with -CH=CHCN or -CH=$CHCH_3$, group instead of -CH=CHCOOH group. 4-Hydroxy cinnamic acid and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid exhibited stronger exhibitory effects on the chemotaxis than 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid with -$CH_2CH_2$COOH group instead of -CH=CHCOOH group.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.8-16
• /
• 2009

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) by anticancer agents in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was examined. PMN treated for short term (< or = 4 h) with cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, tamoxifen and doxifluridine, respectively, exhibited an enhanced respiratory burst upon formylmethionylleucy1-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulation. In the long term (> 4h), the production of ROS was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner. The production of superoxide anion (${O_2}^-$) from the FMLP-stimulated PMN was enhanced by the treatment (for 1 hr) of cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, tamoxifen and doxifluridine, respectively. While 1 hr-treatment with cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, tamoxifen, and doxifluridine, respectively, suppressed the production of NO from the FMLP-stimulated PMN, while 8 hr-treatment enhanced the production of NO. Neomycin suppressed chemiluminescence in cisplatin-, tamoxifen- and doxifluridine-pretreated PMN, however near suppression of chemiluminescence by ethanol and genistein was observed in PMN pretreated with these agents. Staurosporine and bisindolylmaleimide suppressed chemiluminescence in cisplatin- and doxifluridine- pretreated PMN. Wortmannin has shown a slight suppression in cyclophosphamide-, cisplatin- and tamoxifen-pretreated PMN, but a strong suppression in doxifluridine-pretreated PMN. Methionine strongly suppressed in cyclophosphamide and cisplatin-pretreated PMN. In conclusion, these results indicate that long term treatment of PMN with cisplatin and doxifluridine inhibit respiratory burst through protein kinase C (PKC) translocation, phospholipase C (PLC), D (PLD) and tyrosine phosphorylation kinase (TPK) activation. Tamoxifen inhibits respiratory burst through PLC, PLD, TPK. Cyclophosphamide inhibits respiratory burst through myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1975

These studies were carried out the observation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis of Candida albicans in vitro and also detected to the cytoplasmic changes of polymorphonuclear leukocyte during phagocytosis by the method of electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In normal polymorphonuclear leukocyte, nuclear lobes showed a preponderance of dense, granular chromatin located peripherally. The cytoplasm of polymorphonuclear leukocyte was not extensive; the cytoplasmic matrix was moderate dense and of a granular appearance. Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum system was poorly developed. But a various type of granules were seen abundantly. 2. After 30 minutes of incubation, Candida albicans was completely engulfed. These had come to lie in the vacuole which was limited by the membrane. 3. After 90 minutes of incubation, the phagocytic vacuoles were larger, and many granules devoid of membranes were seen within them. Though the granules has lost their membrane after entering the vacuoles. 4. After 2 hours of incubation, the cytoplamsic components of polymorphonuclear leuko cytes were changed their original morphology.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 1980

The purpose of this study was to determine the close relation between clinical symptom and histopathologic finding in pulp. 20 samples of pulp tissue were collected from badly decayed teeth with considerable pulp vitality. Hemogram was also made with the first drop of bleedieg after total pulp extirpation (10cases) and vital pulpotomy(10cases). Histologic specimen was made routinely with extirpated pulp and stained by H&E and P.A.S. Stains. The results under microsopic examination were as follows; 1. Hemogram obtained from dental pulp with acute inflammation revealed increase of polymorphonuclear leukocyte in number, more lymphocytes and monocytes. 2. Hemogram from pulp with chronic inflammation shown the number of lymphocyte and monocyte was remarkably increased. 3. Histologi specimen obtained from teeth with severe clinical symptome showed polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and the hemogram also showed polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 4. Specimen from teeth with moderate symptom showed lymphocyte infiltration and vessel dilatation underneath decayed area. Erythrocytes were massively accumulated inside of the vessel wall.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.35 no.5_6
• /
• pp.370-370
• /
• 2000

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.84.2-84.2
• /
• 1985

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2001

In mammals, most of the follicles can not be ovulated, and instead, are degenerated throughout the entire reproductive period. However, the precise mechanism of follicle atresia is unknown. Three weeks old female mice (ICR strain) were ${\gamma}$-irradiated with a dose of LD$^{50}$ . Before irradiation (day 0) and at day 1, 2, and 3 after irradiation, the normal and atretic preantral and antral follicles of the left ovaries were morphologically observed. Atretic follicles at 2 days after irradiation had numerous cell debris, apoptotic cells and bodies, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the antral cavity. In severely atretic follicles, numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltrated into the follicle. The frequencies of atretic antral (58.0 $\pm$8.6) and preantral follicles (27.3$\pm$11.2) induced by ${\gamma}$-radiation increased to 94.0$\pm$3.4 and 86.9$\pm$7.6, respectively at 2 days after irradiation (p<0.05). The number of follicles with one or more neutrophils in the largest cross sections at 2 and 3 days after irradiation significantly increased (p<0.05). It can be concluded that ${\gamma}$-radiation triggers the recruitment of neutrophils into the follicles during degeneration. The ovarian follicles can make a role of informative biological end-point useful for disaster-prevention.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.319-327
• /
• 2004

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of defibrotide on the development of the surgically induced reflux esophagitis, on gastric secretion, lipid peroxidation, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) accumulation, polymorphonuclear leukocytes adherence, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production in PMNs, scavenge of hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, cytokine (interleukin-1 ${\beta}$, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$) production in blood, and intracelluar calcium mobilization in PMNs. Defibrotide did not inhibit the gastric secretion and not change the gastric pH. Treatment of esophagitis rats with defibrotide inhibited lipid peroxidation, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the esophagus in comparison with untreated rats. Defibrotide significantly decreased the PMN adherence to superior mesenteric artery endothelium in a dose-dependent manner, Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production in $1{\mu}M$ formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP)- or $0.1{\mu}g/ml$ N-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-activated PMNs was inhibited by defibrotide in a dose-dependent fashion. Defibrotide effectively scavenged the hydrogen peroxide but did not scavenge the hydroxyl radical. Treatment of esophagitis rats with defibrotide inhibited interleukin-1 ${\beta}$ production in the blood in comparison with untreated rats, but tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ production was not affected by defibrotide. The fMLP-induced elevation of intracellular calcium in PMNs was inhibited by defibrotide. The results of this study suggest that defibrotide may have partly beneficial protective effects against reflux esophagitis by the inhibition lipid peroxidation, PMNs accumulation, PMNs adherence to endothelium, reactive oxygen species production in PMNs, inflammatory cytokine production(i.e. interleukin-1 ${\beta}$), and intracellular calcium mobilization in PMNs in rats.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.393-399
• /
• 2006

Ketamine, one of general anesthetics for human and veterinary use, is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist which interferes with the action of excitatory amino acids. It has been reported to impair various leukocyte functions. In this study, the effect of ketamine on the oxidative burst activity (OBA) of canine peripheral blood leukocytes was examined. The OBA of canine peripheral blood phagocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry system. Ketamine at higher concentration such as $1,000{\mu}M$ exhibited a low viability of leukocytes. Thus, ketamine was used at concentration of 10 to $500{\mu}M$ showing no cytotoxic effect and high cell viability. The OBA of leukocytes in the presence or absence of latex beads was analyzed by addition of dihydrorhodamine 123. The direct treatment of ketamine revealed the inhibitory effect on the OBA of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocyte-rich cells but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence of latex beads. However, when latex beads were not added to PMN, its OBA was not inhibited by ketamine. The OBA of PMN and monocyte-rich cells but not PBMC in the presence of latex beads was also inhibited by culture supernatant from ketamine-treated- PBMC but not -PMN. But the OBA of PMN in the absence of latex beads was not inhibited by culture supernatant from PBMC treated with ketamine. Therefore, these results suggested that ketamine has the inhibitory effect on the OBA of canine peripheral blood phagocytes such as neutrophils and monocytes during phagocytic response.