• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1082-1088
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• 2001

Nowadays study on recycling disused plastics for automobiles was lively progressed. Rubber and talcum powder was added to retrieve degradation of physical properties caused by recycling disused polypropylene. The effect of the temperature, the fatigue load and the loading speed on DEN(double edged notch) specimen which was made by the pp-rubber composites during fracture was studied by. DEN specimen was made on PP-rubber composites through the injection molding. With increasing temperature the fracture strength was linearly decreased and the fracture energy was increased by $0^{\circ}C$ and after that decreased. In the same temperature the fracture strength during increasing the notch radius was hardly increased. The fracture behaviour at low and high loading speed was different entirely. At high loading speed plastic region was small and fracture behaviour was seen to brittle fracture tendency. With increasing fatigue load fracture energy was first rapidly decreased and subsequently steady when radius of notch tip was 2mm, but Maximum load during fracture scarcely varied. The deformation mechanism of polypropylene-rubber composites during fracture was studied by SEM fractography. A strong plastic deformation of the matrix ahead of the notch/crack occurred. The deformation seem to be enhanced by a thermal blunting of the notch/crack.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2003

The controlled delivery of anticancer agents using biodegradable polymeric implant has been developed to solve the problem of penetration of blood brain barrier and severe systemic toxicity. This study was performed to prepare 5-FU-loaded poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) wafer fabricated microparticles prepared by two different method and to evaluate their release profile for the application of the treatment of brain tumor. 5-FU-loaded PLGA microparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). SEM observation of the 5-FU-loaded PLGA microparticles prepared by rotary solvent evaporation method showed that 5-FU was almost surrounded by PLGA and significant reduction of crystallinity of 5-FU was confirmed by XRD. In case of release profile of 5-FU from 5-FU-loaded PLGA wafer fabricated microparticles prepared by mechanical mixing, the release profile of 5-FU followed near first order release kinetics. In contrast to the above result, release profile of 5-FU from 5-FU-loaded PLGA wafer fabricated microparticles prepared by rotary solvent evaporation method followed near zero order release kinetics. These results indicate that preparation method of the 5-FU-loaded PLGA microparticles to fabricate into wafers was contributed to drug release profile.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.527-532
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• 2016

The effects of gas velocity and solid circulation rate on the axial solid holdup distribution have been determined in a 10 mm-I.D. ${\times}$ 800 mm-high circulating fluidized bed plasma reactor under reduced pressure (1torr). Polystyrene polymer powder and nitrogen gas are used as solid and gas materials respectively. The change of solid circulation rate by a large gas flow rate of the riser (40~80 sccm) is also possible by a relatively small gas flow rate of the solid recirculation part (6.6~9.9 sccm). The solid circulation rate in the reactor under reduced pressure increases with increasing aeration velocity in the solid recirculation part. The axial solid holdup in the riser decreases from the dense at the bottom to the dilute phase at the top section of the riser. Solid holdups at the axial positions in the riser increase linearly with increasing solid circulating velocity. From these results, we could determine the position of plasma load for good plasma ignition, maintain and plasma reaction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 2012

The optimal physical factors affecting enzyme production in an airlift fermenter have not been studied so far. Therefore, the physical parameters such as aeration rate, pH, and temperature affecting PLA-degrading enzyme production by Actinomadura keratinilytica strain T16-1 in a 3 l airlift fermenter were investigated. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize PLA-degrading enzyme production by implementing the central composite design. The optimal conditions for higher production of PLA-degrading enzyme were aeration rate of 0.43 vvm, pH of 6.85, and temperature at $46^{\circ}C$. Under these conditions, the model predicted a PLA-degrading activity of 254 U/ml. Verification of the optimization showed that PLA-degrading enzyme production of 257 U/ml was observed after 3 days cultivation under the optimal conditions in a 3 l airlift fermenter. The production under the optimized condition in the airlift fermenter was higher than un-optimized condition by 1.7 folds and 12 folds with un-optimized medium or condition in shake flasks. This is the first report on the optimization of environmental conditions for improvement of PLA-degrading enzyme production in a 3 l airlift fermenter by using a statistical analysis method. Moreover, the crude PLA-degrading enzyme could be adsorbed to the substrate and degraded PLA powder to produce lactic acid as degradation products. Therefore, this incident indicates that PLA-degrading enzyme produced by Actinomadura keratinilytica NBRC 104111 strain T16-1 has a potential to degrade PLA to lactic acid as a monomer and can be used for the recycle of PLA polymer.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2017

In this study, we have developed cation-exchange membranes (CEMs) which can efficiently separate heavy-metal ions among the cations contained in a water system. Sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) was used as a base polymer and a powdered chelating resin with strong binding ability to heavy-metal ions was added into it. In order to optimize the performance of the CEM, the content of chelating resin powder and the ion exchange capacity of SPEEK have been controlled. As a result, it was confirmed that the removal efficiency of heavy metal ion was improved by more than 20% by applying the CEM to membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2002

Recently, polishing tile(porcelain homogeneous polished tile) was used in the construction field as a finishing material. But, there happened some problems such as tile exfoliation by construction condition in early ages. Also, for use of polishing tile in the dry wall system which used to lightweight wall, the examination of adhesive stability of polishing tile is needed. In this study, adhesive strength of Polishing tile was investigated by tile bond types on gypsum board and non asbestos board coated by tar-urethane and Polymer modified cementitious waterproofing membrane(Series I). Then, the effect of heat stress and vibration was estimated on gypsum and non asbestos board(Series II). As the result of study are the follows; (1) Polishing tile(600$\times$400mm) construction on waterproofing layer : Both laboratory estimation and spot examination sieve were happened that fall of tile because their hardening speed is late. (2) To using powder style adhesives in the dry wail with waterproofing layer : Adhesive strength of tile is Influenced by interface bond area and base side condition. (3) Shock and heat stresses : obvious decline of adhesive strength is not happened

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2004

Glass-like carbon precursors shrink significantly during curing and carbonization, which leads to crack formation and bending. Cured furan resin powder and ethanol were added to furan resin to diminish the weight loss, to suppress the shrinkage and bending, and to readily release the gases evolved during polymerization and curing. Curing and carbonization were controlled by pressure and slow heating to avoid damage to the samples. The effect of the filler and ethanol on the fabrication process was examined by measuring the properties of the glass-like carbon, such as the specific gravity, bending strength, electrical resistivity, and microstructural change. The specific gravities of the filler-added glass-like carbons were higher than those of the ethanol-added samples because of the formation of macropores from the vaporization of ethanol during the curing and polymerization processes. Although the ethanol-added glass-like carbons exhibited lower bending strengths after carbonization than did the filler-added samples, the opposite result was observed after aging at 2,600$^{\circ}C$. We found that the macropores created from ethanol were contracted and removed upon heat treatment. The electrical resistivity of the glass-like carbon aged at 2,600$^{\circ}C$ was lower than those of the samples carbonized at 1,000$^{\circ}C$. We attribute this phenomenon to the fact that aging at high temperature led to well-developed microstructures, the removal of macropores, and the reduction of the surface area.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.3109-3114
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• 2010

Flexible composite films of $V_2O_5$ and conductive polypyrrole ($V_2O_5$/PPy) were grown by facile electrochemical polymerization, wherein an anodization potential was applied to the substrate electrode in an electrolyte solution containing pyrrole monomer and dispersed $V_2O_5$ particles. The coating of polypyrrole (PPy) on the surface of $V_2O_5$ particles was induced by the oxidative catalytic action of $V_2O_5$ during the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole. PPy in the composite film connects the isolated $V_2O_5$ particles. This results in the formation of conductive networks in the composite film cathode, thereby enhancing the Li+ ion diffusion to the surface of the isolated $V_2O_5$ particles and thus increasing the accessibility of the $Li^+$ ions. The specific capacity tests of the Li rechargeable batteries revealed that the discharge capacity of this composite film cathode was higher, i.e., $497\;mAhg^{-1}$, than that of $V_2O_5$/PPy powder or pristine $V_2O_5$.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.378-387
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• 2009

This research compared three methods for producing and processing nanocomposite polypropylene filament yarns with permanent antimicrobial efficiency. The three methods used to mix antimicrobial agents based on silver nano particles with PP were as follows: 1) mixing of PP powder and inorganic nanocomposite filler with the appropriate concentration using a twin-screw extruder and preparing granules, 2) method 1 with a singlerather than twin-screw extruder, and 3) producing the masterbatch by a twin-screw extruder and blending it with PP in the melt spinning process. All pure polypropylene samples and other combined samples had an acceptable spinnability at the spinning temperature of $240^{\circ}C$ and take-up speed of 2,000 m/min. After producing as-spun filament yarns by a pilot plant, melt spinning machine, the samples were drawn, textured and finally weft knitted. The physical and structural properties (e.g., linear density, tenacity, breaking elongation, initial modulus, rupture work, shrinkage and crystallinity) of the as-spun and drawn yarns with constant and variable draw ratios (the variable draw ratio was used to gain a constant breaking elongation of 50%) were investigated and compared, while DSC, SEM and FTIR techniques were used to characterize the samples. Finally, the antibacterial efficiency of the knitted samples was evaluated. The experimental results revealed that the crystallinity reduction of the as-spun yarn obtained from method 1 (5%) was more than that of method 2 (3%), while the crystallinity of the modified as-spun yarns obtained with method 3 remained unchanged compared to pure yarn. However, the drawing procedure compensated for this difference. By applying methods 2 and 3, the drawing generally improved the tenacity and modulus of the modified fibers, whereas method 1 degraded the constant draw ratio. Although the biostatic efficiency of the nanocomposite yarns was excellent with all three methods, the modified fabrics obtained from methods 1 and 2 showed a higher bioactivity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2014

In this study, the fire resistance of high strength concrete with organic fibers and polymer powder (PW) was investigated. Two types of the specimens of ${\phi}100{\times}200mm$ and $300{\times}300{\times}600mm$ sizes were prepared. As a result of the test, it was found that the fiber-to-PW mixing ratio of 1:1 achieved the highest fluidity. Further, it was found that the mixing ratios of PP 0.05% + PW 0.05%, PNY 0.05% + PW 0.05% was sufficient to protect the high strength concrete from spalling. For the mock-up specimens of $300{\times}300{\times}600mm$ size, if the required amounts of fibers were added in the concrete. the concrete spalling was resisted. Likewise, in the case of the polymix (PM) together with PW, all the tested specimens were satisfactory for fire resistance performance.