• Macromolecular Research
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2001

Poly(exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride)s [poly(ETA)s] and poly($\alpha$-ethoxy-exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthaloyl-5-fluorouracil)s [poly(EETFU)s ] with various average molecular weights were prepared by photopolymerizations. The number average molecular weights of the fractionated poly(ETA)s and poly(EETFU)s determined by GPC were in the range of 3,600∼21,000 and 3,600-33,400, respectively. The release rate of 5-FU from poly(EETFU) decreased with increasing average molecular weight. The in vitro cytotoxicity of poly(ETA) against a normal cell line was lower than that of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), The in vivo antitumor activities of the synthesized samples at dosage of 0.8 mg/kg against mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumor cell line decreased in the following order: poly(EETFU) > poly(ETA) > EETFU > ETA > 5-FU. The antiangiogenic activities of the poly(ETA)s were better than those of 5-FU.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2004

본 연구는 응집 및 부상분리를 이용하여 돈사폐수의 고액분리 특성을 조사하였다. 응집은 jar-tester를 이용하여 응집제 종류 및 주입량에 대해, DAF를 이용한 부상분리에서는 돈사폐수 원수 자체에 대한 부상조건과 pH만을 조정한 원수, 그리고 응집제를 주입한 후 부상을 통한 고액분리 특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 돈사폐수를 무기응집제 만으로 응집침전 처리하는 경우 $FeCl_3$ > PAC > Alum 순으로 응집침전효과가 나타났으며, 적정 응집제 주입량은 각각 $1,000mg/{\ell}$, $1,500mg/{\ell}$, $1,500mg/{\ell}$으로 나타났다. 고분자응집제 만으로 응집침전 처리하는 경우 양이온 응집제만이 유효한 응집침전 효과가 나타났으며 적정 응집제 주입량은 $200mg/{\ell}$로 나타났다. 무기응집제와 고분자응집제를 혼합 적용한 경우 각 무기응집제를 $500mg/{\ell}$ 투여한 후 양이온 고분자응집제 주입 농도를 달리하여 응집침전효과를 고찰한 결과 무기응집제의 처리 효율은 $FeCl_3$ > Alum > PAC순으로 나타났으며, 적정 양이온 응집제 주입농도는 $25mg/{\ell}$, $25mg/{\ell}$, $100mg/{\ell}$로 나타났다. DAF를 이용한 부상분리 실험에서 응집처리를 하지 않은 원수와 pH만을 조정한 원수에서의 실험결과를 종합하여 순환비 400%, 압력 4 atm, pH 3이하에서 DAF의 적정 운전 조건이 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 응집처리를 하지 않은 돈사폐수 원수를 대상으로 DAF를 적정하게 운전하기는 곤란한 것으로 판단되었으며, 또한 무기응집제로만 응집처리한 후 부상분리를 실시하였을 경우 floc의 강도가 약해 floc의 깨짐 현상이 나타나 부상분리가 이루어지지 않았다. 한편 무기응집제와 고분자응집제를 혼합하여 응집처리한 후 부상분리를 실시하는 경우 효과적인 부상분리가 이루어졌으며, Alum $500mg/{\ell}$를 기준으로 양이온 고분자응집제 주입농도가 $50mg/{\ell}$에서 가장 양호한 처리 결과를 나타내었다.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.315-334
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• 2007

In the present study, chopped henequen natural fibers without and with surface modification by electron beam (E-beam) treatment were incorporated into a polypropylene matrix. Prior to composite fabrication, a bundle of raw henequen fibers were treated at various E-beam intensities from 10 kGy to 500 kGy. The effect of E-beam intensity on the interfacial, mechanical and thermal properties of randomly oriented henequen/polypropylene composites with the fiber contents of 40 vol% was investigated focusing on the interfacial shear strength, flexural and tensile properties, dynamic mechanical properties, thermal stability, and fracture behavior. Each characteristic of the material strongly depended on the E-beam intensity irradiated, showing an increasing or decreasing effect. The present study demonstrates that henequen fiber surfaces can be modified successfully with an appropriate dosage of electron beam and use of a low E-beam intensity of 10 kGy results in the improvement of the interfacial properties, flexural properties, tensile properties, dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability of henequen/polypropylene composites.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2004

Acyclovir (ACV) is one of the most effective and selective agents against viruses of the herpes group. Because of low solubility, bioavailability of ACV has shown below 30% with oral dosage form. In our previous study, we reported that the fabrication of solid dispersion of ACV was possible and the solid dispersion of ACV and PVP was the most useful in all samples. In this study, we examined the effect of mixture ratio of polymers (PEG and PVP) to ACV. Solubility of ACV was dramatically increased up to 25 mg/ml in $80^{\circ}C$ distilled water. So water was used as a solvent to eliminate problem of residual solvent. Spray drying method was used for the solid dispersion of ACV as solvent extraction. Different scanning calorimeter was used to check degradation of drug. Polymer carriers were PEG 6,000 and PVP. In summary, ACV-PVP (1:3) showed the best solubility in distilled water.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2006

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was identified to possess good mucoadhesive properties ensuring its application to extend the retention times of the formulations at the oral cavity, intended route of administration using the polymer. In the noncross-linked state, PAA will swell and become eroded owing to the presence of salivary flow from the site of application. The formation of cross-links between the polymer chains will allow swelling but prevents the erosion of the dosage form. In the current study, cross-linking was achieved by esterification of the PAA chains with sucrose. The density of crosslinking was modified by changing sucrose concentration and the duration of cure time. The cross-linking density of the polymer hydrogel was assessed by equilibrium swelling studies. The mucoadhesion testing method allowed a comparative study of the hydrogels prepared. An inverse relationship between equilibrium swelling and peak detachment force showed that increased PAA chain density per unit area enhanced the mucoadhesive interaction.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.878-883
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• 2004

Tacrolimus (FK506), which is isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis, is a new potent immu-nosuppressant. Because of poor solubility in water, the conventional intravenous dosage forms of tacrolimus contain surfactants such as cremophor EL (BASF Wyandotte Co.) or hydroge-nated polyoxy 60 castor oil (HCO-60) which may cause adverse effects. This study relates to a polymer-tacrolimus conjugate, which can be dissolved in water, formed by chemically binding the sparingly soluble drug, tacrolimus, with the water soluble polymer, methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG). Water soluble tacrolimus-mPEG conjugates have been synthesized and shown to be function in vitro as prodrugs. These conjugates are in the form of an ester wherein the 24-, 32- or 24,32-positions are esterified. The desired 24-, 32- or 24,32-esterified com-pounds were obtained by initially acylating of tacrolimus with iodoacetic acid at the 24-,32-, or 24,32-positions and then reacting the resulting acylated tacrolimus with a mPEG in the pres-ence of a base such as sodium bicarbonate. These conjugates were converted again into tac-rolimus by the action of enzymes in human liver homogenate, and the half-lives of the conjugates are approximately 10 min in the homogenate, indicating that the esterified tacroli-mus derivatives may be practically applicable as a prod rug for the immunosuppressant.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.269-272
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• 2007

본 연구는 생분해성 고분자인 폴리락틱에시드(Poly(lactic acid; PLA)의 가공성을 향상시키는 연구의 일환으로 순수 PLA, 반응압출법에 의한 화학적으로 개질된 PLA 및 기능성 단량체를 함유한 PLA에 전자선을 조사하여 PLA를 개질한 후 유변학적 특성을 조사하였다. 유변학적 특성은 복합점도와 log G' vs. log G" 선도를 이용하여 해석 분석 비교하였다. 그 결과 전자선 조사로 개질된 순수 PLA 및 화학적으로 개질된 PLA의 복합점도는 전자선 조사량에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였지만, 기능성단량체가 첨가된 PLA는 전자선 조사에 의해 복합점도가 증가하다가 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2000

Clebopride malate(Cm) is a new benzamide drug which has a potent central antidopaminergic activity possessing antiemetic and anxiolytic properties. A purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of formulating sustained release preparation by dispersing a drug in hydrophilic polymeric matrices and double layered tablets(DLT), using HPMC, carbopol, PEO, PVP/VA and other polymers as a rate controlling barrier. The matrix and DLT showed optimum dissolution pattern up to 8 hours and the contents of polymer were optimized at 30% level in this preparation. After an oral administration in beagle dog, Cm concentration was determined by use of GC-ECD and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Vallner's method. The AUC of DLT showed similar results and the duration of action was increased 55% compared to that of regular release dosage form. The calculated absorption rate effectiveness(ARE) and controlled release effectiveness(CRE) for DLT increased 50% compared to that of matrix, the overall effectiveness(E) of this product appears to be about 70%. in vivo effectiveness test, DLT showed significant differences from control on antiemetic action of Cm. In consequence, it was possible to conclude that double layered tablet might be a good candidate for the sustained release dosage forms.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.327-330
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• 2002

Alginate based polymeric matrices were designed for controlled release and stabilization of cefaclor in gastrointestinal fluid. Cefaclor is known to be acid stable and subjected to be degraded at neutral and alkaline pHs. In order to achieve an effective release profile of cefaclor in gastrointestinal tract, a particular strategy in dosage form design should be required from the view point of maintaining its activity. The amphiphilic nature of cefaclor allowed its controlled release using ionic polymers based on ionic interaction between the drug and polymers. The thrust of this study was to develop a technique that delivers cefaclor keeping effective release rate in the intestinal tract. Considering the fast degradation of cefaclor in the intestinal fluid, the matrices were designed to release surplus amount of cefaclor. The alginate based matrices demonstrated increase in release rate in the simulated intestinal fluid, which was favorable to compensate the degraded portion of cefaclor. In addition, stabilization of cefaclor in the intestinal fluid was obtained by employing citric acid that provides an local acidic environment. The matrices might be valuably used for the development of an oral cefaclor dosage form.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2018

Using aqueous solution free radical polymerization with glacial acrylic acid (GAA), maleic anhydride (MA) and sodium methallyl disulfonate (SMADS), a novel linear polycarboxylate dispersant was synthesized for ceramics. Dispersant linear structural characterization was done by FTIR, $^1H$ NMR, HPLC and GPC, and the ratio of monomers was determined using an orthogonal experiment. This research is focused on the effects of polymerization temperature, monomer mole ratios and dosage of initiator on ceramic slurry viscosity with linear polycarboxylate dispersant for ceramic dosage rate of 0.30% (based on dry slurry), all of which were investigated by single factor test. The best polymerization conditions for linear GAA-MA-SMADS are when n(AA) : n(MA) : n(SMADS) equals 3.0 : 1.0 : 0.5, the molecular weight of the polymer is 4600 daltons, the initiator sodium persulfate accounts for 7% of the total mass of polymerized monomers, the polymerization temperature is $90^{\circ}C$ and the reaction time is 2 h. The ceramic body slurry viscosity drops from $820mPa{\cdot}s$ to $46mPa{\cdot}s$ when the concentration of the polycarboxylate dispersant is 0.30%.