• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2003

비강우시 육상으러부터 목포항으로 유입하는 오염부하량을 목포항 주변에 위치한 하천 및 방류수의 계절별 유량과 수질을 기초로 하여 산정하였다. 4계절의 유량 자료에 의하여 산출한 목포항 유입하루평균유량은 약 5.5×10/sup 6/㎥/day이고 연평균유량은 약 2×10/sup9/㎥/year로 나타났다. 영산호 방류수의 계절별 유량은 4계절에 걸쳐서 모든 유입원들의 총유량의 90％이상으로 나타났다. 4계절에 걸쳐서 하천과 같은 유입원의 9개 지점에서 측정한 화학적 산소요구량(COD), 총부유고형물(TSS), 총무기질소(TIN) 및 총인(TP)의 농토는 각각 2.87~42.69㎎/ℓ, 3.65~1080.32㎎/ℓ, 0.083~89.744㎎/ℓ and 0.028~6.926㎎/ℓ로 나타났다. 4계절 자료를 평균하여 산정된 목포항 유임 연평균부하량은 각각 약 37 ton-COD/day, 약 64 ton-TSS/day, 약 13 ton-TIN/day 및 약 1.2 ton-Tp/day로 나타났다 하계의 목포항 유입부하량은 각각 약 82 ton-COD/day, 약 159 ton-TSS/day, 약 14 ton-TIN/day 및 2 ton-TP/day로 산정되었다. 목포항으포 유입하는 주된 오염부하원은 영산호의 방류수로 밝혀졌다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.305-315
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• 2005

The scheme to classify pollution sources in Korean TMDL planning has been pointed out too much complex to implement practically because of requiring a wide range of items to be collected from a field. Within a deficient situation to collect field data, the mathematical scheme that focuses only on counting an uniform area ratio of the different land uses to estimate of pollutant loads from individual sub-catchments has been used without taking into account of the spatial characteristics of major land uses as well as the locations of pollution sources in each sub-catchment. It would cause to significant level of errors to estimate the pollution loads. Therefore, this study proposes a renovated scheme that can be adopted more easily to classify pollution sources in the watershed and reduce the estimation errors in the spatial distribution of pollution sources by introducing a spatial analysis based on digital land cover maps. In order to estimate a unit area to calculate the uniform pollution load, the pollution response unit area that is locating spatially at the same place and having same land use is identified through the application of GIS overlay technique. Unlikely existing conventional method to calculate the pollution load based on equal distribution of pollutants for each administrative boundary, it is assumed that the pollution load from household and livestock sources are generated and washed off from only residential areas. While, pollution from business population comes from commercial area and industrial load from wastewater discharge facilities are from industrial areas. From comparison of the calculated results from the existing the method and the proposed one, it is found that although the estimation of pollution load from sub-catchment in the case of the existing conventional method application results in negligible difference in total pollution amounts from the whole area of Wangsook watershed as a study area, significant difference of pollution load among sub-catchment in which pollution response unit areas are diverse, however, appears in the case of the application of the renovated scheme.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.342-349
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• 2016

낙동강수계에 속하는 안동시는 안동댐, 임하댐을 포함하여 낙동강이 흐르는 도시로 경상북도 신 도청 이전과, 지속적 도시화로 인해 불투수 면적이 증가하고 있어 강우 시 유출량 증가 및 비점오염원 부하가 증가되고 있는 지역이다. 본 연구에서는 물순환 선도도시에 선정된 도시 중 안동시를 대상으로 개발에 따른 유출량과 비점오염부하량을 비교 평가하였다. 안동시 물순환 선도도시 계획(안)에 대해 시 공간적 변화를 고려한 CN값을 이용한 직접 유출량과 BOD, T-N 및 T-P 비점오염부하량을 평가한 결과, 옥상녹화 및 투수포장 교체, 물순환 공원 및 거리 조성, 도심지 불투수층 개선 사업 등 4가지 scenario 모두 적용되어 개발될 경우 연간 직접유출이 10.41%, BOD 비점오염부하량이 20.56%, T-N 9.55% 및 T-P 비점오염부하량이 14.29% 저감되는 것으로 조사되었다. 4가지의 개발 scenario 중 저감률이 가장 높은 것은 도시지역 불투수면 개선 사업으로 조사되었으며 개발 이전 대비 연간 직접유출이 6.25%, BOD 비점오염부하량이 11.84%, T-N 비점오염부하량이 4.46% 및 T-P 비점오염부하량이 10.20% 저감되는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

Natural environment of the Wolgokri stream watershed, located in Chuncheon, Gangwon province, Korea, has been well preserved as a traditional agricultural watershed. To analyze characteristics of NPS pollution generated from an mountainous agricultural watershed, the flow and water qualities of the study watershed were monitored and were analyzed to estimate pollution loads. Annual runoff volume ratio was $70.4\%$. Concentrations of T-N, T-p, COD, and TOC were higher when monthly rainfall was between $0\~30mm$ than those when monthly rainfall was between $30\~70mm$. However, the concentrations varied considerably when monthly rainfall was higher than 100mm. The flow weighted mean concentrations(mg/L) of BOD, COD, TOC, $NO_3-N$, T-N, T-P and SS were 1.96, 2.72, 3.32, 1.41, 4.70, 0.187 and 13.36, respectively. The BOD, SS, T-N and T-P loads of July, 2004 were $48\%,\;17\%,\;51\%\;and\;32\%$ of annual load, respectively. The BOD, COD, TOC, $NO_3-N$, T-N, T-p, and SS loads (kg/ha) from Mar. 2004 to Apr. 2005 were 19.09, 26.55, 32.39, 13.85, 45.92, 1.887 and 130.18, respectively. The highest concentrations of BOD, NO3-N, T-N, T-p, SS, COD and TOC were found before the flow reached the peak runoff, possibly due to the first flushing effect. Generally, pollution loads of the Wolgokri watershed were not that significant. Phosphorus load, however, was higher enough to cause eutrophication in the receiving water body It was recommended that best management practices need to be implemented to reduce phosphorus sources.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

For efficient water quality management of Saemangeum lake, it is very important to accurately analyze discharged load characteristics using investigated pollution sources data from Saemangeum watershed. Investigation of pollution sources was conducted from 2003 to 2007. In this study, pollution sources are largely classified into human population, livestock, industry, and land use. Discharged loads of BOD, T-N and T-P from classified pollution sources were calculated by Korea TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) technical guideline. The calculated results showed that the major sources of BOD and T-N were land use, human population, livestock, and industry in order. However, the major sources of T-P were livestock, land use, human population, and industry in order. Our results clearly show that pollution sources of the priority management for water quality enhancement in the Saemangeum lake has represented land use and livestock.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2012

Runoff, NPS pollution load and flow-weighted mean concentration (FWMC) occurred by snowmelt and rainfall runoff were compared by a variance analysis. Snowmelt runoff ranged between 1,449 and $19,921m^3$. The peak snowmelt runoff was similar to the runoff that occurred by about 40mm/day rainfall. And average snowmelt runoff was not significantly different from the runoff that occurred by 25.5 mm/day rainfall. Average values of SS loads and FWMCs were 5,438 kg/day and 954.9 mg/L, respectively. SS loads and FWMCs were in the similar range with those that occurred by 39.0 mm/day and 53.0 mm/day rainfall, respectively. Daily SS and COD loads and FWMCs occurred by snowmelt and rainfall were analyzed not to be significantly different. Overall assessment led that the NPS pollution loads by snowmelt runoff had a similar characteristics with the loads by about 40 mm/day rainfall runoff. It was recommended that the agricultural fields in snowy region needs to managed not only for rainfall runoff but also snowmelt runoff for an effective water quality management.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2008

Human activities and land-use practices are intensely widening the urban areas. High impervious surface areas cover much of urban landscapes and are the primary pollutant sources which can lead to water quality and habitat degradation in its watershed. As the urban areas expand, transportation land-use such as parking lots, roads, service areas, toll-gates in highways and bridges also increase. These land-uses are significant in urban pollution due to high imperviousness rate and vehicular activities. To regulate the environmental impacts and to improve the water quality of rivers and lakes, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) in Korea developed the Total Pollution Load Management System (TPLMS) program. The main objective is to lead the watershed for a low impact development. On a local scale, some urban land surfaces can be emitting more pollution than others. Consequently, in urban areas, the unit loads are commonly employed to estimate total pollutant loadings emitted from various land-uses including residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, open lands such as parks and golf courses, and other developed land like parking areas as a result of development. In this research, unit pollutant loads derived specifically from transportation land-uses (i.e. branched out from urban areas) will be provided. Monitoring was conducted over 56 storm events at nine monitoring locations during three years. Results for the unit pollutant loads of transportation land-use are determined to be $399.5kg/km^2-day$ for TSS, $12.3kg/km^2-day$ for TN and $2.46kg/km^2-day$ for TP. The values are higher than those of urban areas in Korean MOE and US highways. These results can be used by MOE to separate the pollutant unit load of transportation landuses from urban areas.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study is to assess the reduction of non-point source pollution loads for rice straw surface covering of upland crop cultivation at a watershed scale. For Byulmi-cheon watershed ($1.21km^2$) located in the upstream of Gyeongancheon, the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran), a physically based distributed hydrological model was applied. Before evaluation, the model was calibrated and validated using 9 rainfall events. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for streamflow was 0.62~0.78 and the NSE for water quality (Sediment, T-N, and T-P) were 0.68, 0.60, and 0.58 respectively. From the field experiment of 16 rainfall events, the rice straw covering reduced surface runoff average 10 % compared to normal surface condition. By handling infiltration parameter (INFILT) in the model, the value of 16.0 mm/hr was found to reduce about 10 % reduction of surface runoff. For this condition, the reduction effect of Sediment, T-N, and T-P loads were 87.2, 28.5, and 85.1 % respectively. The rice straw surface covering was effective for removing surface runoff dependent loads such as Sediment and T-P.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.426-435
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• 2012

The variation of stream flow is the one of the most important factors which influence on that of water quality in the unit watershed. The target water quality goal is established and permissible load is allotted in the base of the standard flow condition along with its water quality for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). A standard flow selected could cause problems in the load allotment if it was not properly arranged. This study reviewed the acquisition of water quality data, the self-variation and the retainability in water quality on the specific flow conditions. This study also proposed the median and the adjusted average flow condition out of general flow conditions as alternative standard flow conditions. It is considered that the alternatives can make the water quality data easily acquired and the water quality representativeness more enhanced on the standard flow conditions.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2017

In this study, the characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant loads from separate sewer overflow (SSO) and combined sewer overflow (CSO) were evaluated during 2016 in Namyangju city, Korea. Five rainfall events were monitored during 2016 with ranging from 14.5 mm to 121.5 mm. The runoff ratio of CSO was higher than that of SSO because only design volume of maximum sanitary sewer ($1Q_h$) was transported and treated and $2Q_h$ was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day although combined sewer system was designed to transport $3Q_h$ to treatment system. The event mean concentrations (EMCs) and pollutant loads from CSO were higher than those from SSO. BOD and COD of CSO, and TOC and TN of SSO represented distinct first flush phenomena. The inadequate management in combined sewer system from which the untreated $2Q_h$ from CSO was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day could influence on high pollutant loads and first flushing. Treating $2Q_h$ from CSO, source control such as low impact development, and treating outflow from SSO were strongly recommended to control non-point source pollution in urban area.