• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2001

Worldwide trend of waste treatment technology is rapidly transferring from "incineration system" to "gasification & melting system" which can derive the resources from waste and charge no more environmental burden to nature. And therefore it is necessary for our country to adopt gasification & melting system urgently to present the land pollution and lack of landfill area. Among several gasification and melting processes Daewoo-Thermoselect gasification and melting system is the representative process which can transfer waste to resources such as sin-gas, molten slag, metal hydroxide, mixed salt and sulfur through the process of compaction, degasification, gasification and melting.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2005년도 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.133-138
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• 2005

The worldwide trend of waste treatment technology is rapidly transferring from "incineration system" to "gasification & melting system" which can derive the resources from waste and charge no more environmental burden to nature. And therefore it is necessary to adopt gasification & melting system to prevent the land pollution and to solve the problem of landfill area. Among several thermal waste treatment processes gasification and melting system is the representative process which can transfer waste to resources such as syn-gas, molten slag, metal hydroxide, mixed salt and sulfur through the process of compaction, pyrolysis, gasification and melting.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.444-453
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• 2014

환경위험의 피해가 환경불평등과 사회불평등의 상호작용으로 인해 환경약자가 더 많이 피해를 받게 되는 환경 피해 불평등이 심화될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 본 연구는 서울시를 대상으로 미국 캘리포니아 환경보호청에서 개발한 환경보건 스크리닝 툴을 적용하여 통합적인 지역 규모의 누적영향을 평가하였다. 환경보건 취약지역을 스크리닝하기 위하여 환경노출과 건강영향의 환경부담, 민감집단과 사회경제적 요인의 인구특성에 따라 10개 지표를 선정하였다. 환경보건 스크리닝 툴을 통하여 2009~2011년 서울시 누적영향평가를 실시한 결과, 서울의 강서와 강남지역에서 위험요인이 높게 나타났며 강서지역은 환경부담과 인구특성 모두에서 위험요인이 높았고, 강남지역은 환경부담요인이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과는 민감 취약계층 등 환경약자를 고려한, 공정하고 효율적인 환경정책을 추진하기 위한 과학적인 근거를 제공할 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2016

In this study, the applicability of MBR process was evaluated to improve processing of personal sewage treatment facilities of $50m^3/day$ or less. As result of the research, stable discharge water quality could be secured as result of the MBR effector operation according to rate of inflow and inflow load and treatment efficiency of 98% or higher was shown by the membrane filtering method operation for SS, $BOD_5$. it was found that high treatment efficiency of 99% or higher. It is judged that detention time can be designed until 6.9 hr when applying MBR process on personal sewage treatment facilities with high pollution load and that cutback of pollution load can be possible through this study. It was shown that MBR process application reduces an annual cost of 4,829,600 won based on the basic unit calculation results and solves burden of amount of borne by causers according to excess of discharge water quality standards.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.459-471
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• 2010

The main behavioural and environmental risk factors for cancer mortality in the world are related to diet and physical inactivity, use of addictive substances, sexual and reproductive health, exposure to air pollution and use of contaminated needles. The population attributable fraction for all cancer sites worldwide considering the joint effect of these factors is about 35% (34 % for low- and middle-income countries and 37% for high-income countries). Seventy-one percent of lung cancer deaths are caused by tobacco use (lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally). The combined effects of tobacco use, low fruit and vegetable intake, urban air pollution, and indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels cause 76% of lung cancer deaths. Exposure to these behavioural and environmental factors is preventable; modifications in lifestyle could have a large impact in reducing the cancer burden worldwide. The evidence of association between lifestyle factors and cancer, as well as the main international recommendations for prevention are briefly reviewed and commented upon here.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 1985

The effect on the particulate matters in the atmosphere was investigated in Seoul area from March, 1984 to Aprill, 1985. Aerosols were collected by filters on nine stages Andrsen Air Sampler, and size distribution and total concentration of the aerosols, Fe and Pb were measured. In spring with Yellow Sand the concentration of particles in aerosols was 185.55$\mug/m^3$ and CP/TA was 65.9%. But in spring without Yellow Sand those of particles was 135.45$\mug/m^3$ and CP/TA was 58.6%. Accordingly the concentration of coarse particles with Yellow Sand was higher than without them in Spring. Above results indicate that in Seoul Area the main source of air pollution originated from natural burdens, especially from soil. The concentration of Pb was similarly valued through both seasons in Seoul area but fine particles valued above coarse particles. On the other hand, in urban area, the natural and anthropogenic sources have influenced on the concentration of Pb. With referred to particle size distribution for Fe, the concentration of coarse particles was 0.168$\etag/m^3$ (CP/TA: 74.3%) in Spring with Yellow Sand, 0.096$\mug/m^3$ (CP/TA: 71.6%) without Yellow Sand and 0.083$\mug/m^3$ (CP/TA: 67.4%) in winter, respectively. Compared with fine particles, all of them were higher. It indicated that the origin of coarse particles in urban air was not related to anthropogenic source. The concentration of Fe was influenced by Yellow Sand and contributed to air pollution.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.469-492
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• 2000

"International Safety Management(ISM) Code" means the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention as adopted by the Assembly, as may be amended by the International Maritime Organization. This Code have brought into force internationally since 1th July, 1998 by incorporated to the new Chapter Ⅸ in the SOLAS Convention. Accordingly those States which give effect to the SOLAS Convention will have to ensure that rules giving effect to the Code are introduced into their domestic legislation. The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention, by this to reduce the maritime casualty which could caused by neglect of person. To achieve this purpose the ISM Code specifies a number of broad 'safety management objectives' for owning or operation companies, and it requires that such companies should establish, implementing and maintain a written Safety Management System(SMS) covering a whole range of safety environmental and related matters. These requirements of the Code could effect on the carrier in some points such as duty of due diligence to care for cargo, due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy and burden of proof etc. In this respect, We should know that the ISM Code could effect on the carrier advantageously or disadvantageously subject to whether the carrier observed the requirement of the ISM Code. Although it does not add cause of liability or increase limitation of liability imposed to the carrier.

• 셀메드
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2024

The prevalence of respiratory diseases is increasing due to social and environmental factors such as increased environmental pollution and air pollution, and among them, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in particular has a high mortality and morbidity rate worldwide. As a result, medical expenses are rapidly increasing, creating a social and economic burden. In response to this, there is a need to discuss ways to reduce the risk from diseases and manage them appropriately, and the most basic starting point in this process is how these chronic lung disease patients are treated in actual clinical settings and how to improve the quality of treatment. There is a need to look into whether there are effective drugs. Western treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is basically a disease in which the airway narrows, so bronchodilators are used to widen the bronchi, and corticosteroids and antibiotics are mainly used to relieve the inflammatory response in the lungs. However, since the mainly used Western medicine does not serve as a fundamental therapeutic drug and contains many side effects, there is a need for drugs that improve the quality of life of patients and are more effective in managing symptoms as symptomatic prescriptions. Therefore, Western and Oriental medicine treatments are needed. The purpose is to suggest better treatments through comparative analysis.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.113-144
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• 2020

다양한 대기질 관측 자료는 우리나라의 대기 오염이 지속적으로 개선되고 있음을 보여 준다. 하지만 일반 시민들은 최근 대기 오염 상태가 심각하며, 이로 인한 경제적 부담이 증가하였다고 인식한다. 본 연구는 이러한 인지와 관측된 자료의 차이 그리고 의료 비용 및 소비 지출에 대한 경제학적 쟁점을 세 가지로 분석하였다. 첫째, 검색량 분석과 시군구 단위 대기 오염 물질 농도 변화의 비교 분석을 통해 인지와 관측된 자료의 불일치를 확인하였다. 둘째, 의료경제모형을 이용하여 대기 오염과 의료비 지출의 이론 모형을 도출하고, 계량경제모형을 통해 대기 오염의 개선에 따른 의료 비용 감소를 실증하였다. 셋째, 소비 지출 분석을 통해 우리나라의 대기 오염에 의한 경제적 부담 증가는 소비 지출 항목에 의존하고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 우리나라 대기 오염의 사회경제적 영향을 분석 시, 분석항목에 따른 과대추정의 가능성과 대기 오염의 개선과 관련한 역해석의 문제가 있을 수 있음을 보여준다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 대기질 관리의 보다 엄격한 기준 적용의 필요성, 방어적 소비재에 대한 사회취약층에 대한 고려 그리고 대기 오염 관련 정보의 접근성 향상 및 신뢰성 회복이 필요하다는 정책적 함의를 가진다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.433-445
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• 2017

In recent years, the United States has used the Load Duration Curve (LDC) method to identify water pollution problems, considering the size of the pollutant load in the entire stream flow condition to effectively evaluate Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). A study on the improvement of the target water quality evaluation method was carried out by comparing evaluations of two consecutive years of water quality and LDC data for 41 unit watersheds (14 main streams and 27 tributaries). As a result, the achievement rate of the target water quality evaluation method, according to current regulations, was 68-93%, and that by the LDC method was 82-93%. Evaluating the target water quality using the LDC method results in a reduction in the administrative burden and the total amount of planning as compared to the current method.