• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.343-343
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• 2002

This study examines the influence of long-range transport of dust particles and air pollutants on both local/regional DMS oxidation chemistry and the distribution of sulfur compounds at Jeju Island (33.17$^{\circ}$ N. 126.10$^{\circ}$ E) during the Asian dust-storm(ADS) period in April 2001. The atmospheric concentrations of these sulfur species were measured at a ground station on Jeju Island. Korea as Part of the ACE-Asia intensive operation. Three ADS events were observed during the periods of 10-12, 13-14. and 25-26 April. respectively. The concentrations of DMS and CS$_2$ were higher during the ADS period than during the non-Asian-dust-storm (NADS) period. Conversely. a difference in SO$_2$ levels during the ADS period was not distinguishable from those during the NADS period. The diurnal variation pattern of DMS observed was largely different from that in the remote marine boundary layer. DMS loss by NO$_3$ in the atmospheric boundary layer was dominant due to significantly high NOx levels influenced by the long-range transport of pollutants from East Asia to Jeju Island The DMS maximum during the ADS period was observed in the late afternoon. The oceanic fluxes of DMS during the ADS and NADS periods were estimated to be 5.7$\pm$2.3 and 2.9 (+2.8/-1.5) mole m$^{-2}$ day$^{-1}$ . respectively. The contribution of oxidized DMS to SO$_2$ levels at Jeju Island during the study period was found to be insignificant.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.429-429
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• 2002

This study examines the influence of long-range transport of dust particles and air pollutants on photochemistry of OH and NO$_3$ at Jeju Island (33.17$^{\circ}$ N, 126.10$^{\circ}$ E) during the Asian dust-storm (ADS) period in April 2001. The atmospheric concentrations of criteria pollutants (O$_3$, NO$_2$, CO) and sulfur species were measured at a ground station on Jeju Island, Korea as part of the ACE-Asia intensive operation. Three ADS events were observed during the periods of 10-12, 13-14, and 25-26 April, respectively. The concentrations of the criteria pollutants (i.e., $O_3$, NO$_2$, and SO$_2$) were not significantly different from those during the non-Asian-dust-storm (NADS) period. Average OH and NO$_3$ levels at Jeju Island during the study period (ADS and NADS) were estimated to be 4-10 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ moleculescm$^{-3}$ and 2-4 pptv, respectively. Two main sources of OH radical were the primary production from the reaction of water vapor ($H_2O$) and O(1D) radicals and the reaction of HO$_2$ with NO. CO was a dominant sink of OH during the ADS period: whereas NO$_2$ was the most important during the NADS period. for NO$_3$ radical, a reaction of NO$_2$ with $O_3$ was the most important atmospheric source; while $N_2$O$_{5}$ uptake on dust particles was the most dominant sink during the ADS period.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.747-753
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• 2010

It follows in quality and sewage exclusion method of the investigation objective sector and the Combined Sewer Overflows which is suitable in regional characteristics and the confluence area against the rainfall initially a flow and the medulla and measurement - it analyzes the initial rainfall outflow possibility control plan which is suitable in the domestic actual condition and it proposes the monitor ring plan for the long-term flow and pollution load data accumulation. From the research which it sees the Infiltration water/Influent water and CSOs investigation it passes by the phase of hazard chain and Namwon right time 4 it does not hold reverse under selecting, Measurement it used the hazard automatic flow joint seal Sigma 910 machine and in case 15 minute interval of the I/I, it measured a flow at case 5, 15 minute standing of the CSOs. The water quality investigation for the water leakage investigation of the I/I and the sewage from the point which is identical with flow measurement during on-the-spot inspection duration against 6 items which include the BOD sampling and an analysis, when the rainfall analysis for CSOs fundamental investigation analyzed against 18 items which include the BOD sampling. Consequently, for the optimum interpretation invasion water / inflow water of the this investigation area day average the lowest flow - water quality assessment veterinarian optimum interpretation hazard average per day - lowest flow - it averages a medulla evaluation law department one lowest flow evaluation technique and it selects, it presentation collectively from here it gets, position result with base flow analysis of invasion water / inflow water.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.45-52
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• 2005

In the present maritime traffic conditions of mokpo harbor, there exists many hazardous factors which may lead to huge accidents including marine oil pollution We analyze marine traffic environments including traffic congestion, natural conditions, maritime traffic accidents of the last 10 years, the fishery status, operation of traffic routes and navigational aids of navigational aids and regulations relating ships' routeing both in and out of the country. Consequently, this work is to propose improved marine traffic system in future.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.15-35
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• 2012

Mercury (Hg) is a global environmental pollutant that has been the cause of many public concerns. One particular concern about Hg in aquatic systems is its trophic transfer and biomagnification in food chains. For example, the Hg concentration increases with the increase of food chain level. Fish at the top of food chain can accumulate high concentrations of Hg (especially the toxic form, methylmercury, MeHg), which is then transferred to humans through seafood consumption. Various biological and physiochemical conditions can significantly affect the bioaccumulation of Hg-including both its inorganic (Hg(II)) and organic (MeHg) forms-in fish. There have been numerous measurements of Hg concentrations in marine and freshwater fish worldwide. Many of these studies have attempted to identify the processes leading to variations of Hg concentrations in fish species from different habitats. The development of a biokinetic model over the past decade has helped improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the bioaccumulation processes of Hg in aquatic animals. In this review, I will discuss how the biokinetic modeling approach can be used to reveal the interesting biodynamics of Hg in fish, such as the trophic transfer and exposure route of Hg(II) and MeHg, as well as growth enrichment (the increases in Hg concentration with fish size) and biomass dilution (the decreases in Hg concentration with increasing phytoplankton biomass). I will also discuss the relevance of studying the subcellular fates of Hg to predict the Hg bioaccessibility and detoxification in fish. Future challenges will be to understand the inter- and intra-species differences in Hg accumulation and the management/mitigation of Hg pollution in both marine and freshwater fish based on our knowledge of Hg biodynamics.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.159-166
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• 2014

Purpose: In spite of many Healthy Cities projects in Korea, there are few research about healthy urban planning. So we tried to use available recent models to a Healthy Cities project in a medium sized city in Gyeongnam province. Methods: Using mainly European Healthy Urban Planning Model and opinion leader survey, SWOT analysis, forum and discussion have been done to a city. Secondary city health indicator obtained from Ministry of Statistics. Results: There are strong need to develop health industry, green traffic and healthy living from survey using Healthy Cities policy direction of Korean Health Promotion Fund. Among the Healthy Urban Planning objectives, improvements of physical environments, prevention of accidents and crime, improvements of healthy esthetics rated highly. Although environmental pollution was problem local government push forward to the pilot healthy urban project as active healthy water-front development. Considering secondary healthy city indicators, change of external forces and internal capacity final task for healthy urban planning for Yangsan city were development of riverside physical education park and active living and anti-ageing environments etc. Conclusions: Comprehensive assessment and plan was possible through MAPP Model using European Healthy Urban Planning objectives to draw the direction of future urban planning for Healthy Cities Projects. Further research and formal introduction would be needed.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 2013

A preliminary investigation to establish the status of contamination of trace metals in the Western coast of Ghana was conducted prior to the commercial production of crude oil in the area. The study revealed the presence of heavy metals such as Pb (4.00-79.64 mg/kg), As (8.81-236 mg/kg), Cu (12.86-108.06 mg/kg), V (28.07-953.32 mg/kg), Zn (7.08-264.25 mg/kg), Cr (101.69-1366.62 mg/kg), Ni (42.41-451.43 mg/kg), Mn (16.77-1890.45mg/kg), Br (7.66-142.78 mg/kg), Ti (542.03-19960 mg/kg) and Fe (7472.88-97120 mg/kg) at six sites sampled along the coast. With the exception of Ti and Fe which showed no variation in metal concentration, the rest of the metals varied significantly among the sampled locations. Potential ecological risk of metals particularly of Co, As and Br which exhibited extreme enrichment of the sediments indicates considerable metal pollution in the studied areas. The degree of contamination is of particular concern especially to benthic biota that inhabit this environment for survival.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-162
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• 2016

In recent years, there has been demand for precise estimations of pollutant loads on nationwide scale for the development of appropriate site specific (watershed specific) policies to reduce the negative impact of pollutant loads. River flow data and water quality data that were previously collected by various research institutes and universities for specific research purposes for a limited period was utilized in this study. However, only TMDL 8-day interval flow and water quality data were available in national scale. Three watersheds were selected and pollutant loads were calculated by two methods i.e., Numeric Integration (NI) method and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Subsequently, the results were compared to determine the appropriate method for monitoring nonpoint source networks nationwide. The SWAT model was calibrated and its estimated daily flow data were used in the NI method with estimated sediment data for 8-day monitoring data for three watersheds. The results indicated that the quantity of pollutant loads estimated with the NI and SWAT are different to some degrees especially during the summer season for all the three study watersheds. Thus, more frequent sampling of water quality is needed for nonpoint source pollutant estimation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.2 s.42
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• pp.268-281
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• 1993

The aquatic quality of the Naktong river after two or three months in June, 1991 with phenol spillage from a electrical factory in Kumi was investigated. The samples were collected at six sites of the Naktong river basin and Kachang and Kongsan lakes. Phenol was not detected from all water samples. Turbidity was very much increased to the down stream in the Naktong river. The BOD and COD values exceeded the 2nd grade(3mg/l) of the Korean standard quality of Environmenal Water Act at the all sampling sites of the Naktong river. Especially, the value of COD at Kaejin (12.5mg/l) was poorly classified as to the 5th grade of water class for the environmental quality standards. Organophosphorous pesticides such as parathion, malathion, fenitrothion and diazinon were investigated but not detected. Diazinon was only detected at the Ilsan bridge(1.42ppb), Okkye stream(6.95ppb), Waekwan bridge(0.32ppb), Gangjung reservior(0.13ppb), Kaejin (0.05ppb). Of the carbamates such as carbanyl, isoprocarb and cabofuran, the carbofuran was detected all sites except tap water, and Kachang and Kongsan lakes. The content of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Hg were not exceeding for drinking water standards at the all sampling region, but only mecury was detected from Okkye stream(0.018ppb) and Kaejin (0.09ppb). In the regions of Kachang and Kongsan lakes, the content of heavy meatals were lower than that of reservior of Naktong river.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 2009

The Shihwa constructed wetland was established for the treatment of severely poluted water from Banwoul, Donghwa and Samhwa streams. This study was focused on investigating the structure of epiphytic diatom communities on reed (Phragmites communis) planting area at Banwoul high wetland (3 stations) and low wetland (3 stations) from March to October 2005. The concentration of T-N of inlet stations from the streams were decreased by flowed through the wetland, but the concentration of T-P were increased at outflow part. Epiphytic diatoms on the reed were a total 109 taxa which were composed of 103 species, 5 varieties, 1 unidentified species. The standing crops were rapidly decreasing tendency from spring to autumn but chlorophyll-a concentration were showed a very irregulated changes. Dominant species were 6 taxa which were Achnanthes minutissima in the early investigation, and were changed to the genus Navicula and the genus Nitzschia in the summer. DAIpo were ranged the values of $20.2{\sim}51$, which were mesosaprobic states at the high wetland and ranged the values of $12.4{\sim}52$, which were polysaprobic to mesosaprobic states at the low wetland. TDI were ranged the values of $28.8{\sim}94.5$, which were oligotrophic to eutrophic state at the high wetland and ranged the values of $33.3{\sim}89.7$ which were mesotrophic to eutrophic states at the low wetland. The healthy assessment (DAIpo and TDI) of water ecosystem were showed clean-bad from spring to autumn. These epiphytic diatom communities were determinated by the biological factor such as the growth of reed and the physical factors such as water temperature, light penetration and SS and so on.