• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.100-104
• /
• 1992

The research in this paper centers on a comparative risk assessment for nearby air pollution by carcinogenic metal emission from municipal solid waste incinerators. If a substance is identified as a potential human carcinogen, the carcinogenicity may be related to the chemical form of a substance and the route of exposure. This type of information with regard to carcinogenic uncertainty is incorporated into hazard quantification. In addition to the dioxin emission, the metal emission from municipal solid waste incineration is found to be a major contributor to human cancer risk via the inhalation route. The magnitude of risk by metals is about 5 times greater than that of risk by dioxins. Hexavalent form of chromium and cadmium compounds are major contributors to cancer risk from metal emission. In addition, hexavalent chromium is known to be human carcinogen while 2,3,7,8-TCDD is known to be only probable human carcinogen.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.693-703
• /
• 2012

Load Duration Curve(LDC) is a useful tool for analyzing water quality characteristics under various stream flow conditions. This study investigated the methods to identify impaired waterbodies in the assessment of water quality goal attainment by using LDC for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Three methods were proposed. Non-typical regime exclusion method is a method to exclude water quality observations in the non-typical extreme flow conditions in order to minimize the influence of non-ordinary water quality. Flow regime weighted average method is a method to calculate weighted mean water quality instead of arithmetic mean in order to consider water characteristics properly on stream flow regime in addition to the effect of Non-typical regime exclusion method. Load exceeded interval comparison method is a method to compare the intervals between the attained and non-attained load duration periods on the LDC. The assessment of water quality goal attainment can be performed more reasonably and precisely considering water quality variations on stream flow conditions by applying these proposed methods.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2017.04a
• /
• pp.232-232
• /
• 2017

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.657-679
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to measure economic impact of marine environment conservation research development project. Benefit-Cost(B/C) analysis and Contingent Valuation Methods(CVM) are used to valuate the benefits from the research development projects. A period of three years for research development fund is considered as a part of the costs and adjusted to the net present value (NPV) of the 2002 ending period. The environmental charges for marine environment improvement are considered for the benefit measurement. The benefits are estimated by using monthly average willingness to pay, which is 2,289 Korean won. The contribution of the developing a management model for environmental pollution in the Gwangyang Bay is evaluated utilizing survey data and information. Based on the assessment by expert groups, the contribution of the model was 37.5％. The research results showed that B/C ratio is 20.61, NPV is 89,200 million Korean won, and social rate of return is 185.7％. When the level of contribution is over 1.83％ at the assessment of potential influence, it is recognized to be economically feasible. This research presents a quantitative framework for Research and Development projects for marine environment conservation, and it can be applied to decision making for the investment size of R&D projects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.31-45
• /
• 2010

Building a dam that is not considering the environmental impact and human social impact can cause the loss of entire ecospheres such as fragmentary green network, disturbance of plants ecosystem, the destruction of social and cultural indigenous resources, therefore, it can occur the environment change and distortion of ecosystem. The purpose of this study is that presenting the methods of ecosystem maintenance and ecosystem damage compensation about for environmentally direct impact i.e. the ecosystem change in the intended place for building a dam. According to the planning progress, the study was proceeded to planning site examine, assessment, conception plan. As the results of examine and assessment, it must be necessary to offered the maintenance and damage compensation if the site where include the 1st degree of biotope area, the 2nd degree of biotope and the 8th degree of green naturality area were damaged by being submerged and constructing road. In addition, according to the conception plan, we suggest the mitigation proposals such as plant communities transplant, planning of connecting green network against for influencing direct impact ecosystem that is destroying plant communities, damaging inhabitants, noise pollution, water pollution, etc.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.506-519
• /
• 1996

The water quality in the rural areas is degrading due to a variety of causes such as the increase of the urban sewage and industrial wastes, the disposal of solid wastes, the growth of livestock waste, the growth of leisure facilities, the establishment of agricultural industry estates and etc. The water pollutants are scarce while the effluent is increasing from wide scattered sources. The technology specifically designed for the rural wastes water treatment plant needs to be implemented with improvement of agricultural water quality. 1. An integrated management measures against water pollution sources. The prevention of water pollution is the best measures in the environmental pollution. Hence, the most effective measures needs to be against the sources. Small-scale water treatment plants needs to be constructed in each village in the rural areas. As for the industrial effluent, the effluent discharge needs to be strictly monitored. Government subsidy for the establishment of treatment plant for livestock wastes is necessary. 2. The establishment of national-wide network for agricultural water quality. The network for agricultural water quality have been operated to conserve the agricultural water quality, and to develop management policies by the assessment of water pollution in the rural areas. The results of agricultural water quality network indicates that the water quality is degrading not only around urban areas but also in the distant rural areas, and the water quality at the pumping stations and weirs is worse than that of reservoirs. 3. The legal, systematic, and technical approaches for the agricultural water quality management. The actions currently implemented for the improvement of agricultural water quality involve temporary measures such as the improvement of irrigation facilities. These contingency measures are not effective in the long-term, and sometimes bring secondary pollution. Therefore, integrated measures covering the whole water environment such as the flow, quality, river morphology, aquatic ecosystem, and the surrounding environment, need be invented and implemented. Besides, the legal, systematic, and technical frameworks for the management are not fully established so far. The technology for the treatment of rural water pollution should be refined afterwards, and the research for the development of rural waste water treatment plant should be carried out.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.454-466
• /
• 2013

To evaluate the organic matter and trace metal pollution in intertidal sediment of the coastal zone, various geochemical parameters (grain size, ignition loss [IL], chemical oxygen demand [COD], acid volatile sulfide [AVS], and metals [Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As]) were measured for the intertidal surface sediment of the mainland and islands between Mokpo and Haenam in the southwestern coast of Korea. The surface sediments consist mainly of finer sediments, such as mud and silt. The concentrations of IL, COD, and trace metals in intertidal sediment were relatively high in the shoreline of the mainland than in that of islands and those in some stations exceeded the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). Moreover, the concentrations of IL, COD, and trace metals (except As) in sediment showed relatively good positive correlations with mean grain size, indicating that the concentrations of organic matter and trace metals in intertidal sediment of the study region are dependent on grain size of sediment. Pollution evaluation for trace metals using geochemical assessment techniques, such as enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and SQGs, suggested that the intertidal sediments in the study region show light pollution with Cr and moderate pollution with As. More extensive interdisciplinary studies are required to determine the potential causes of As pollution in intertidal sediment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.27 no.10
• /
• pp.1025-1029
• /
• 2005

A simple analysis of atmospheric sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) pollution in industrial region was investigated using badge type passive samplers. It were set up in 76 locations and the $SO_2$ distribution evaluated along the boundary of land use type. It changed considerably both monthly and seasonally. Soil samples were also collected in 120 locations to investigate influence of sulfur dioxide pollution on soil and heavy metal distribution in the study area, where the sulfur dioxide pollutants from industrial area could affect the soil environment of near residential and green areas. The relationship between the $SO_2$ concentrations in the atmosphere and heavy metal(Cu, Pb) concentrations in the soil were analyzed, by using the correlation coefficient values and the results were 0.17 and 0.08 in industrial area. And this study indicated that the atmospheric pollution in industrial region affect the level of the soil pollution adjacent to the residential and green area. The study result may be used to define correlativity for establishing an exposure index. It will subsequently be used for a more precise assessment measuring the exposure of plants and inhabitants, for the purposes of a study en effects on health.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.265-274
• /
• 2018

Objectives: A positive association between air pollution and both the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported in some epidemiologic and animal studies, but little research has evaluated the relationship between air pollution and diabetic coma. Diabetic coma is an acute complication of DM caused by diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, which is characterized by extreme hyperglycemia accompanied by coma. We conducted a time-series study with a generalized additive model using a distributed-lag non-linear model to assess the association between ambient air pollution (particulate matter less than $10{\mu}m$ in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide [$NO_2$], sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone) and emergency department (ED) visits for DM with coma in Seoul, Korea from 2005 to 2009. Methods: The ED data and medical records from the 3 years previous to each diabetic coma event were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service to examine the relationship with air pollutants. Results: Overall, the adjusted relative risks (RRs) for an interquartile range (IQR) increment of $NO_2$ was statistically significant at lag 1 (RR, 1.125; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.039 to 1.219) in a single-lag model and both lag 0-1 (RR, 1.120; 95% CI, 1.028 to 1.219) and lag 0-3 (RR, 1.092; 95% CI, 1.005 to 1.186) in a cumulative-lag model. In a subgroup analysis, significant positive RRs were found for females for per-IQR increments of $NO_2$ at cumulative lag 0-3 (RR, 1.149; 95% CI, 1.022 to 1.291). Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that ambient air pollution, specifically $NO_2$, is associated with ED visits for diabetic coma.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.335-345
• /
• 2010

This paper assessed environmental impacts of marine sand mining on coastal areas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of Korea, and diagnosed problems of the related assessment statements for suggesting key assessment items (scoping) and system improvement. To mitigate conflicts and environmental impacts caused by large-scale, concentrated sand mining, we suggest it is critical to promote sustainable and eco-friendly utilization of marine resources while listening opinions from various stakeholders and analyzing alternative plans. Especially, it should be mandatory as a scoping item to provide verifiable data on the amount of sand, potential and accumulative impacts by mining, and key assessment items (e.g. erosion and sedimentation by submarine topography, benthic change, spreading of suspended solids, water pollution, grain-size change, and impact on fisheries resources). We also suggest that postassessment and monitoring should be improved to enable tracking of environmental impacts caused by sand mining through seasonal monitoring together with intermittent short-term surveys. In addition, effective measures to mitigate the impacts is also essential. As repeated sand mining at large-scale can damage marine ecosystems by long-term accumulated impacts, we suggest that assessment systems and regulatory policies should be developed and established, especially for ensuring reliability of assessment and review on selected major sandmining projects.