• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analysis the pollutant loading of Chin yang Reservoir according to the variation of outflow. Regression equation of the pollutant loading and outflow was represented as $L=a\;Q^b$ in which L = pollutant loading(kg/day), a and b = regression coefficient, and Q = outflow($m^3/day$). Regression coefficients ($R^2$) of Sanchung, Sinan and Changchon site was in range of 0.8376 to 0.9818. Therefore the pollutant loading was good correlated with outflow. Changchon site had minimum b value because outflow of pollutant was little compared with rainfall. The SS was the highest b value 1.621~1.7834 among water quality parameters because the pollutant loading of SS was much affected by outflow. Also, the pollutant loadings per area could be calculated and compared in case of the dry season, normal season and flood season. The pollutant loading in the normal and flood season except the dry season were higher in order of Sanchung, Sinan and Changchon site. Pollutant loading per area were higher in order of Sinan, Sanchung and Changchon site. When it compared with pollutant loading per area calculated using pollutant unit loading, T-N was much different each other.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2007

The main aim of this work is focus on the Geum river water quality evaluation of pollution data obtained by monitoring measurement during the period 2001-2005. The complex data matrix 19 (entire monitoring stations)*13 (parameters), 60 (month)*13 (parameters) and 20 (season)*13 (parameters) were treated with different multivariate techniques such as factor analysis/principal component analysis (FA/PCA). FA/PCA identified two factor (19*13) classified pollutant Loading factor (BOD, COD, pH, Cond, T-N, T-P, $NH_3$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P, Chl-a), seasonal factor (water temp, SS) and three Factor (60*13, 20*13) classified pollutant Loading factor (BOD, COD, Cond, T-N, T-P, $NH_3$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P), seasonal factor (water temp, SS) and metabolic factor (Chl-a, pH). Loadings of pollutant factor is potent influence main factor in the Geum river which is explained by loadings of pollutant factor at whole sampling stations (71.16%), month (52.75%) and season (56.57%) of main water quality stations. Result of this study is that pollutant loading factor is affected at Gongju 1, 2, Buyeo 1, 2, Gangkyeong, Yeongi stations by entire stations and entire month (Gongju 1, Cheongwon stations), April, May, July and August (buyeo 1) by month. Also the pollutant Loading factor is season gives an influence in winter (Gongju 1, buyeo 1) from main sampling stations, but Cheongwon characteristic is non-seasonal influenced. This study presents necessity and usefulness of multivariate statistic techniques for evaluation and interpretation of large complex data set with a view to get better information data effective management of water sources.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.10-17
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study was to estimate the pollutant loads from paddy fields by cultivation practices using a non-point-sources models. One of them is CREAMS-PADDY model that was developed considering the water balance and mass balance of paddy fields. The CREAMS-PADDY model was applied to provide basic data to reduce runoff loadings under various scenarios such as various water management control and various fertilizer condition. The model was verified against T-N, T-P and runoff flow data collected during cropping periods at 2000. The model results agreed well with the measured data in verification. The results showed that the model could be used for estimating the runoff loadings from irrigated paddy fields by cultivation practices was possible. Comparison of simulated the standard height and the sluice management of T-N and T-P runoff loadings from paddy fields were +32.4%, +10.3% in 10 mm below the standard height, -29.2%, -35.9% in 20 mm above the standard height, 52.6%, 59.0% in 40 mm above the standard height, respectively. Comparison of simulated the standard fertilizer and the fertilizer control of T-N and T-P runoff loadings from paddy fields were -1.3%, -21.7%in reduction of conventional fertilizer 30%, -1.0%, -12.5% in reduction of standard fertilizer 30%, respectively. Therefore, reducing nonpoint-sources nutrient loading by reducing fertilization may not work well in the range of normal paddy rice farming practices, and instead it could be achieved by reducing surface drainage outflow.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2011

PADDIMOD2 was deloped to estimate nonpoint source pollution from paddy rice fields. The PADDIMOD2 was enhanced to estimate runoff and pollutant load during non-growing as well as growing season and to be easily used for public by development of Excel based system. Nutrient concentration and hydrology were based on Dirac delta function and continuous source function, and tank model for growing season and Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) and SCS-Curve Number method for non-growing season. The PADDIMOD2 consists of three main component (input data, parameters data, and output data) by including eight Excel spread sheets. As a result of model application, total precipitation and irrigation were 1,051.7 mm and 439.2 mm, respectivley and surface runoff and water loss including infiltration and evapotranspiration were 463.0 mm and 947.9 mm, respectively. Annual nutrient loadings of T-N and T-P from study area were 6.7 kg/$km^2$/day and 0.5 kg/$km^2$/day, respectively. Development of PADDIMOD2 was focused on minimizing input data and maximizing user friendly system and is expected to be useful tool to evaluate various non-structure BMPs and estimate unit load from paddy rice fields for application at Korean TMDL.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2001.05b
• /
• pp.839-846
• /
• 2001

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.651-661
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to estimate the characteristics and pollutant loadings of non-point pollutants that flowed in the streams on precipitation for pollutant loading reduction of Hwa-sung lake inflow streams. Although it has been made an effort to improve the water quality of Hwa-sung basin through the strategies for the preservation of water quality, it is shown that the water quality is not greatly improved. Because it has been industrialized and urbanized near Hwa-sung basin so that it is difficult to reduce the water pollution due to the increase in pollutant loadings of point and non-point sources. In this study, it is investigated the outflow characteristics of non-point pollutants that discharged with storm runoff and estimated the effect of runoff on Hwa-sung basin. The final goal of this study is to utilize the basic information for proper management and strategies of non-point sources on Hwa-sung basin. At the result of inflow streams, Ja-an stream that has the greatest pollutant loadings on precipitation is strongly influenced on the water quantity of Hwa-sung basin. On the other hand, it is shown that Nam-yang stream is strongly influenced on the SS concentration of Hwasung basin among them. Also, all streams; Nam-yang, Ja-ahn, Ah-eun stream; has the degree of slope more than or near 1 in the correlation results so that they have strong pollutant loading impact and the concentration of SS is the highest among other pollutants. So, specific studies on initial rain phenomena are more necessary to manage the pollutants economically. Also, the proper control of SS concentration is required to manage the effluent pollutants effectively on precipitation. So, it is necessary to consider the strategies for non-point pollutants as well as point pollutants when the new management is imposed to reduce the pollutant load for improvement of Hwa-sung basin.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.26 no.2B
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2006

The nonpoint source control is based on TPLMS (Total Pollution Load Management System) program. Recently, the Ministry of Environment in Korea has programed TPLMS for 4 major large rivers to improve the water quality in rivers by controling the total pollutant loadings from the watershed area. Usually the urbanization is the main pollutant sources, particularly for nonpoint pollutants, because of high imperviousness and high pollutant mass emissions. The stormwater runoff from urban areas is containing various pollutants such as sediments, metals and toxic chemicals due to human and vehicle activities. Of the various landuses, the highways are highly polluted landuses because of high pollutant accumulation rate by vehicle activities during dry periods. Therefore, this research is achieved to provide pollutant EMCs (Event Mean Concentrations) and mass loadings washed-off from highways during rainfall periods. Five monitoring locations were equipped with an automatic rainfall gage and an flow meter. The results show that the EMC ranges for 95% confidence intervals in highway land use are 45.52-125.76 mg/L for TSS, 52.04-95.48 mg/L for COD, 1.77-4.48 mg/L for TN, 0.29-0.54 mg/L for TP. The ranges of washed- off mass loading are $712.7-2,418.4mg/m^2$ for TSS and $684.1-1,779.6mg/m^2$ for COD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.449-452
• /
• 2002

Characteristics of pollutant load during irrigation and non-irrigation periods was investigated for streamwater from a rural watershed. Water was sampled and discharge was measured at 5-days intervals at outlet of study area. The mean concentrations of TN and TP in an irrigation period are higher than in an non-irrigation period, while mean COD concentration in an irrigation period is lower than in a non-irrigation period. For increasing discharge during an irrigation period, TN concentration increase, TP concentration is nearly unchanged, and COD concentrations decreases.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.115-127
• /
• 1997

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution from small watersheds has recently been brought into attention as a potential pollutant to streams and tnbutaries, as majority of them are experiencing water quality degradation. This necessiates the quantification of NPS loadings from agricultural and forested lands. And this study attempts to quantify daily loadings from forested and farm lands using hydrologic and water quality monitoring. The hydrologic monitoring program consists of five water level gauging stations along creeks and stream at the Banweol reservoir watershed having 1220 hectare in size. Water sam pies were taken and analyzeel periodically at the streamf low gaging sites and tributaries. Soil samples were also taken and the chemical constitutes analyzed. The primary results indicate that the major sources of pollution were small villages and dairy farms on the watersheds, constituting two-third of total nutrient loadings to the reservoir. However, the loadings from paddies and upland areas may cause a problem to the water quality of the reservoir and stream as the measured levels of total nitrogen and phosporus are not low enough to ignore. Further studies are needed to quantify the effects of landuses and treatments at a watershed scale.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.45 no.7
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2003

Nonpoint source pollutant loading from watershed may cause a problem to the water quality of the reservoir and stream. The characteristics of stream flow and water quality were monitored to investigate the runoff loading of the Namdae-cheon watershed from May in 1999 to October in 2003. Stage-discharge rating curve at the stream gauging site was established, and annual stream runoff of the study watershed was estimated as 499.4∼1,330.8mm during four years. The concentrations of total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus of stream water quality ranged from 0.76 to 6.95mg/L and from 0.0010 to 0.2276 mg/L, respectively, where T-N was generally higher than the water quality standard 1.0 mg/L for agricultural water use. The loads by unit generation of pollutant mass with respect to population, livestock, land use in this watershed were calculated. The runoff pollutant loadings by concentrations of total-N and total-P were estimated during study period, where the annual runoff loading of total-P was much less than the load by pollutant mass unit generation. The relations between stream discharge and water quality were analysed, and there was a high correlation for total-N but low for total-P. These results will be used to develop the monitoring techniques and water quality management system of agricultural watershed.