• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2002

A brief review of current status in the field of agricultural spray and future research challenges are presented. Researches on the pesticides sprays, pollen sprays, postharvest sprays, and biological control agent sprays among the various applications of agricultural spray were selected and reviewed. In the agrochemical sprays, the techniques to increase the deposition such as electrospray and reduce the drift such as introductions of drift retardants and of mechanical means are reviewed. The introduction of mechanical means includes low drift, air-assisted, air inclusion, shield or shroud assisted and pulse flow nozzles. For flat fan nozzles, the data of breakup length and thickness of liquid sheet are essential to understand the atomization processes and develop the transport model to target In the air-assisted spray technology to reduce drift, further works on the effect of application height on drift and air assistance on droplet size should be followed. In addition, methods for quantifying the included air in the air inclusion techniques are required. The atomization characteristics of biopesticides spray are not being elucidated and the formulations of biopesticides should be taken into account the spray characteristics of existing nozzle and sprayer. A few researches on the droplet size of fallout can be found in the literature. A combined technology with electrostatic method into one of method for the reduction of drift may be an effective strategy for increasing deposition and reducing drift. Only an integrated approach involving all stakeholders such as engineers, chemists, and biologists, etc. can result in improved application of agricultural spray.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

To develop an efficient screening method for detection of the transgene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa spp. pekinensis) utilizing Basta spray, optimal conditions for Basta application were examined in this study. Two transgenic Chinese cabbage lines were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and used as transgenic positive controls in the Basta screening experiment. Differential concentrations of glufosinate-ammonium were sprayed into three different growth stages of 12 commercial Chinese cabbage cultivars. The results showed that no plants could survive higher than 0.05% glufosinate-ammonium, and plants at the 2-3 leaf stage were most vulnerable to glufosinate-ammonium. On the other hand, no damage was observed in the transgenic control plants. Reliability of the Basta spray method was proven by showing perfect co-segregation of the tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium and the presence of the bar gene in T₁ segregating populations of the transgenic lines, as revealed by both PCR and Southern blot analyses. Using the developed Basta screening method, we tried to investigate the transgene flow through pollen dispersal, but failed to detect any transgene-containing non-transgenic Chinese cabbages whose parents had been planted adjacent to transgenic Chinese cabbages in field conditions. However, the transgene was successfully detected using Basta spray from the non-transgenic plants bearing the transgene introduced by hand-pollination. Since the Basta spray method developed in this study is easy to apply and economical, it will be a valuable tool for understanding the mechanism of gene flow through pollen transfer and for establishing a biosafety test protocol for genetically modified (GM) Chinese cabbage cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2006

This study used loess from the source region of Asian dust (a desert area in China) to analyze the effects of Asian dust on fruiting and fruit quality in Korean fruit trees. Asian dust and loess from the source region were highly alkaline compared to average Korean field soil. Organic material contents of Asian dust were about three times as high as that of the average field soil. Loess was dusted onto the stigma of apple, pear, and peach trees. fruiting, seed number, fruit quality and pollen tube elongation were investigated. Pollination and fertilization were not influenced while pollen tube elongation was slightly influenced. Consequently, fruiting, seed number and fruit quality were not affected by the dusting treatment.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.517-521
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• 2013

A new cultivar Dendranthema grandiflourm 'Dream Round' was developed at Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services (GARES), Korea in 2010. The variety 'Dream Round' was initially derived from a cross in 2006 between 'Hebo' a seed parent, a spray chrysanthemum cultivar with white anemone type, and 'Samos' as a pollen parent, a spray chrysanthemum variety with white anemone type. The cultivar has anemone type with white petals. Trial evaluation was conducted from 2008 to 2010 for the selection of that cultivar, including a shading culture in spring and a retarding culture in summer. The flowering time of 'Dream Round' was October 24th, and year-round flowering was possible by shading or lighting treatment. The diameter of flower of 'Dream Round' was 34.1 mm. Numbers of flowers per stem and petals per flower of 'Dream Round' were 12.8 and 26.1, respectively. Its leaf color was green (Green Group 147A) and plant height was 92.4 cm. Days to flowering of 'Dream Round' under the short day treatment was about 54 in spring, and diameter of flower of 'Dream Round' was 34.2 mm in the summer. The vase life of 'Dream Round' was 21.7 days in autumn.