• Title/Summary/Keyword: Political system

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National and Regional Spatial Data Infrastructure(NSDI & RSDI) and National Cartographic Center of Iran's Activities about it

  • Baktash, Peyman
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.60-62
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    • 2003
  • The concept of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) has emerged globally to facilitate the transit of spatial information from data producers to a vast and ever-growing community of users. SDI have become very important in determining the way in which spatial data are used throughout an organization, a nation, different regions, and the world. SDI is an initiative intended to create an environment in which all stakeholders can cooperate with each other and interact with technology, to better achieve their objectives at different political / administrative levels. Islamic Republic of Iran began her participation in the Global map project and SDI activities in 1998. In this related, National Cartographic Center (NCC), as the representative of Iran, started the job with identifying the suitable sources of data for creation of those layers stated in the specifications of Global Mapping. NCC started making GIS Users Councils (National & Provincial Councils) for the making National SDI and Local SDI too. Now, NCC is doing some activities to joining its National SDI to Regional and Global SDI. This paper in first section, discuss about SDI as basic point in Information Technology (IT). In second section, SDI situation in IRAN and National Cartographic Center’s roles in realization of future scope of RSDI and GSDI is discussed. (NCC is one of the greatest Map Producer organizations in IRAN). The way that be applied, is analyzing of fundamental points especially Sustainable development, IT and SDI and their complementing policy in Information Society. These include some applications in National, Regional and Global levels.

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Multi-temporal Analysis of Deforestation in Pyeongyang and Hyesan, North Korea

  • Lee, Sunmin;Park, Sung-Hwan;Jung, Hyung-Sup
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2016
  • Since forest is an important part of ecological system, the deforestation is one of global substantive issues. It is generally accepted that the climate change is related to the deforestation. The issue is worse in developing countries because the forest is one of important natural resources. In the case of North Korea, the deforestation is on the rise from forest reclamation for firewood collection and food production. Moreover, a secondary effect from flood intensifies the damage. Also, the political situation in North Korea presents difficulty to have in-situ measurements. It means that the accurate information of North Korea is nearly impossible to obtain. Thus, assessing the current situation of the forest in North Korea by indirect method is required. The objective of this study is to monitor the forest status of North Korea using multitemporal Landsat images, from 1980s to 2010s. Since the deforestation in North Korea is caused by local residents, we selected two study areas of high population density: Pyeongyang and Hyesan. In North Korea, most of clean Landsat images are acquired in fall season. The fall images have an advantage that we can easily distinguish agriculture areas from forest areas, also have an disadvantage that the forests cannot be easily identified because some of trees have turned red. To identify the forests exactly, we proposed a modified Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (mNDVI) value. The deforestation in Pyeongyang and Hyesan was analyzed by using mNDVI. The dimension of forest has decreased approximately 36% in Pyeongyang for 27 years and approximately 25% in Hyesan for 16 years. The results show that the forest areas in Pyeongyang and Hyesan have been steadily reduced.

A Study on the Family Reunion Experience of Adults Discharged from Childcare Welfare Facilities - Grounded Theory Approach - (아동양육시설 퇴소 성인들의 원가족 재회 경험 연구: 근거이론(Grounded Theory) 연구 접근)

  • Hwang, Suyon
    • Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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    • no.60
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    • pp.31-71
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    • 2018
  • This study focused on analysis of experience for adults' reunion with original family members who had lived in child care facilities during the childhood and adolescence. It was researched based on the grounded theory from nineteen participants have interacted with their own separated family members for more than ten years after had been reunited with them. As written in the result section of the study using the paradigm model analysis showed that it was caused by feel regret by reunion, absence of belonging and repeated abandoned wound. The contextual condition appeared as sensitive memories as wounded and frustration of compensation mentality. The centralization phenomenon came in a whirlpool of emotion. The intervention condition appeared as recognition of filial piety, support system for parents and healing their parents mind. The action-interaction showed up as revenge with good will, setting own boding free, inspire of own pride, family reconciliation. The consequence appeared as family sublimation, successful execution of life task and getting living foundation. This research made practical and political proposals based on above result and described the limitations of the study and the proposals for the latter study.

"American" Ideas and South Korean Nation-Building: U.S. Influence on South Korean Education

  • Lee, Jooyoung
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.20
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    • pp.113-148
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    • 2010
  • This paper examines the American role in shaping South Korean nation-building during the early Cold War by considering how the United States attempted to form South Korea's education and how Koreans responded to these efforts. It looks at education as an arena where "American" ideas such as democracy and liberalism were received, transformed, and utilized by Koreans. This study pays particular attention to the gap between American intentions and Korean expectations, as well as to the competition between American and Japanese systems, which explains the contradictory role America played in South Korean nation-building. In order to better assess the role of the United States in shaping South Korean education, this article considers the complex dynamics between the Japanese legacies, American influence, and Korean actors. Americans had exerted a great effect on Korean education since the beginning of their relationship. American missionaries, U.S. military government, and educational mission teams had all contributed to the expansion of educational opportunities for Koreans. Through the educational institutions that they established or helped establish, Americans tried to spread "their" ideas. In this process, Americans had to struggle with two obstacles: Korean nationalism and the legacies of Japanese colonialism. Many Koreans used American missionary schools for their own purposes and resisted U.S. military government's policies which ignored their desire for self-determination. American education missions had limited effect on Korean education due to the heterogeneous Japanese system that was still influencing South Korea even after liberation. The ways in which Americans have influenced the democratization of South Korea have not been simple. Although "American" democratic ideas reached Koreans through various routes, Koreans understood the "American" idea within their own historical context and in a way that fit their existing socio-political relations. Oftentimes suspicious of "American" democracy, Koreans developed their own concept of democracy. The overall American influence on Korean democratization, as well as on Korean education, was important but limited. While Americans helped Koreans build educational infrastructure and tried to transfer democratic ideas through it, Koreans actors and Japanese colonial legacies limited its impact.

A Study on the Importance-Performance Analysis for National Forest Complex Management (국유림 복합경영사업에 대한 중요도·만족도 분석)

  • Jung, Byung-Heon;Kim, Jae-Sung;Kim, Hyeon-Geun;Kim, Eui-Gyeong
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.33-40
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this research is to seek political implications for management and activation of National Forest Complex Management(NFCM). Survey method was utilized for workers as respondents to measure importance and performance of NFCM. As a result, it turned out that the respondents' performance was very high. In addition, out of 14 items, two items -1) activation of e-commerce and direct business transaction, 2) production and sales marketing information, which intensive management strategy, were derived from results. Also, 6 items were derived for on-going maintenance, 3 items were derived for low priority order, and other 4 items were derived for discouragement against excessive efforts. This research may contribute to providing fundamental sources that can be utilized for promoting direction establishment and system improvement of NFCM.

Historical Origins of Taiwan's Status-Differentiated Social Insurance Scheme (대만의 분절된 사회보험 체계의 역사적 기원: 노동보험과 공무원보험을 중심으로)

  • Wang, Hye Suk
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.151-178
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    • 2014
  • Highly Differentiated and segmented social insurance scheme in Taiwan shows its salient dimension of stratification, which has been considered as a general feature of conservative welfare regime. However, compared to Western conservative welfare states, Taiwan's social insurance scheme shows a distinct feature. First, Taiwan's social insurance scheme has offered a full coverage for various benefits. Secondly, Labor Insurance and Government employees' Insurance reveal distinct features of stratification. Labor Insurance has developed a universalistic system based on status equality and cross-class solidarity of working classes while Government employees' Insurance includes a myriad of occupational- and status-based programs. This article aims to articulate the historical origin of Taiwan's unique social insurance scheme and explains it as an unintended result of state's political intervention and various interests of each insured groups, especially, politically, economically, and ethnically conflicting identities of government employees and working classes.

Locality as ontological 'Between' in Modern and Postmodern Discourse (근대와 탈근대 담론에서 존재론적 '사이'로서의 로컬리티)

  • Yi, Sae-seong
    • Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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    • v.126
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    • pp.235-261
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    • 2013
  • This paper aims to cast light upon the urgent problem philosophically the reason why local or locality can not help being raised as the problem of ontological 'between' in human life, in the post modern discourse trying to surmount the general modern system in modern times and it. Therefore, it is necessary that we should inspect the quality of human life, raising a basic question about the existence of human among many questions raised in the process of the discussion of modern and post modern(2). In addition, in the process, we should look into closely what relations local or locality has with the quality of human life, because only in the local, human can be the subject who is making meaning the time and the places, being tangled with the trace of various texture and wrinkles from life. Also, it is here, in the local that subjects can identify to live together through the intersubjective network(3). When these conditions are met, local or locality will emerge as the possibility of locality humanities, as ontological 'between' in human life, where true humane and social life is possible(4).

Shared Governance for the Arts and Culture - US Public Arts Agencies and Cultural Foundations (문화예술활동 지원을 위한 지역과 중앙의 공유 거버넌스 - 미국의 지역예술위원회와 문화재단의 활동을 중심으로)

  • Chang, WoongJo;Lee, Dahyun
    • Review of Culture and Economy
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.63-83
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    • 2018
  • In the US, there are no governing bodies within the federal executive departments dedicated to the arts and cultural affairs. Direct government subsidies for the arts are relatively small compared to other countries with a comparable economy and standard of living. Nevertheless, the US produces artworks, artists, and arts groups, leading the world's arts and culture. Incorporating the concepts of network governance and shared governance, this paper examines the dynamic roles and interrelationships among various for-profit/nonprofit arts organizations, foundations, councils, service organizations, arts advocacy groups, and professional/amateur associations from the federal to local levels that compose the ecology of American arts and culture. Through our evaluation, we conclude that the local/state/federal arts agencies and arts organizations at various levels influence each other via the principle of subsidiarity and isomorphism, creating a unique cultural policy and arts-supporting system that correspond to the political and social structure and environment of the United States.

A study on the method acquiring NCOs according to the decrease in school age population - Activation of the department of navy noncommissioned officers - (학령 인구감소에 따른 부사관 획득 방법에 대한 연구 -해군 부사관학과 활성화를 중심으로-)

  • Jang, Kyoung Sun;Cheung, Yun Kyoung
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.159-168
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    • 2021
  • The battlefield environment of the Korean peninsula is rapidly changing due to the advancement of the weapon system brought by the political situation of adjacent countries and the 4th industrial revolution. The reduction of population also caused a sharp drop in the recruitment of military personnel, making it unavoidable to reform the military structure. This meaningful study is timely with recent news reports on the shortage of recruitment by 10,000 persons in the last five years. Universities are also seeing a decrease in the number of new students due to the reduced school-age population, and affiliated universities are responding to this issue with great seriousness. With a reduction in manpower, requirement-handling military units need to step up their efforts to secure competent noncommissioned officers while affiliated universities must also train capable noncommissioned officers. As a solution to the matter at hand, this study aims to suggest a method that may vitalize both the navy and the navy-affiliated universities based on the results of literature research.

Normative Issues of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships(MASS) Pursuant to the State Jurisdictions under UNCLOS (유엔해양법협약상 국가관할권에 따른 자율운항선박의 규범적 쟁점사항)

  • 한국해양수산개발원
    • Ocean policy research
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.147-181
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    • 2018
  • Currently, we are living in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. In the field of shipping industry, the MASS is a revolutionary game changer in the making arising out of such an industrial and technical innovation in the pursuit of radically challenging the pre-existing system of a human-operated vessel. Given this trend, the entire maritime regulatory regime, which has been designed by, and intertwined with, human seaworthiness, abruptly faces the most unprecedented normative confrontations now and increasingly in the coming days. As the constitution of ocean, UNCLOS, provides, every flag state is obliged to effectively exercise its jurisdiction to secure technical and human seaworthiness. Moreover, the coastal state may institute protective proceedings against vessels in respect of any violations of its laws to protect its marine environment in maritime zones of the coastal state. Further, UNCLOS acknowledges that the port state's authority extends to take administrative measures to prevent sub-standard ships from sailing within the ports or offshore-terminals of the state. These three jurisdictional functions will be required to more closely interface with each other than ever over the legal and political implications created by MASS. Although states' jurisdictional nuances are significant in this present world tilting back to protectionism, there are few articles to present jurisdictional issues of states and conceivable normative discourse with regard to MASS. This articles visits potential jurisdictional conflicts underlying MASS and tries to strike balance between contradictory interpretive approaches under UNCLOS while it is undeniable that this doctrinal research tends to strive to find justifications within the current framework of international law.