• Strategy21
• /
• 통권30호
• /
• pp.236-262
• /
• 2012

Morgenthau claims that in international relations, there are the economic, political, and military powers that enable a nation to achieve its political and diplomatic goals. This paper explores the possibility of resolving international conflicts with naval power. First, the theoretical and historical perspective, naval power was used as a final resort to force a nation's political or diplomatic objective on an enemy nation when negotiations failed, and this was done through the physical and psychological destruction of the enemy by naval power. But as the use of military power has decreased because of the invention of the nuclear weapon, the existence of a large and capable navy deterrent has become one of the most useful military options among a nation's diplomatic measures. In other words, he focused on the political usefulness of naval power as a deterrent and coercive diplomatic tool for persuading other nations to acquiesce, rather than using naval power and actual military action as a final resort. The reason for this is that compared to army and air force, navy's flexibility, continuity, and the ability to deter are greater. The navy provides excellent accessibility through its wide mobility on the sea, and it has been shown through research that the navy possesses a political usefulness that facilitates the solution of conflicts through presence, naval intervention, and naval blockade. On the other hand, among the factors that could improve the influence of the navy are alliance relations, a reliable and powerful navy, carrots and sticks that it would have to deal with in the case of successful or unsuccessful negotiations, and support from international opinion. On this paper I introduce E.N.Luttwak's naval suasion theory. By the his theory, there are two mode of naval suasion. One is latent naval suasion the other is active suasion. Latent suasion there are deterrent mode and supportive mode. Active naval suasion there are coercive mode and supportive mode. Coercive mode has positive and negative. The limitations of naval suasion have been identified as follows. First, because the objective of the use of naval power is persuading enemy nations, the results are unpredictable. Second, the leaders of all countries possess limited understanding on the complexities of naval power and therefore lack understanding of the usefulness of naval power when choosing options. Third, in case of failure through naval suasion, prestige and reputation of a nation can be damaged. Finally, the following are additional possible research topic. First, a research on the decision making process of choosing naval power as a measure to resolve conflicts is needed. Lastly, research on the size of the navy and types of ships required for efficient naval suasion is needed. Today's world requires cooperative security regime so that middle class navy also requires political use of naval power in solving international conflicts. Therefore, additional research on this topic is needed.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.81-100
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define and clarify the concept of political competence for nurses. Methods: A hybrid model method was used to investigate the dimensions, attributes, and definitions of the concept. In the theoretical stage of the study, literature on nursing, politics, and other discipline were reviewed. In the fieldwork stage, individual in-depth interviews and focus groups interviews were conducted with politically seasoned experts or activists who had an understanding of the concept of political competence for extensive descriptions in nursing and field of health care. Results: The concept of political competence was represented in four dimensions as political knowledge, political efficacy, political interaction, and political activity. In the political knowledge dimension, there were three attributes, namely, political knowledge, political information and systematic analysis ability. The political efficacy dimension had three attributes of internal political efficacy, external political efficacy, and self-pride of nursing profession. The political interaction dimension had three attributes of organizations and community service, networking, and persuasive power. The political activity dimension had six attributes of political leadership, political expression, assertive behavior, political advocacy, political participation, and policy intervention. Conclusion: This concept development might provide a basic understanding of developing a measurement tool and for constructing a theory promoting nurses' political competence.

• 동남아시아연구
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.161-196
• /
• 2018

이 글의 목적은 미얀마 민간정부의 정치발전 양상을 결손민주주의 개념에서 분석하고, 정치발전을 지체 또는 정체시킨 주체들과 주체들 간의 상관관계를 규명하는 것이다. 나아가 이 글에서는 현재와 같은 정치구도와 행태를 돌파하여 긍정적인 정치발전을 위해 요구되는 과제를 제시하고자 한다. 2016년 민간정부가 출범했으나 권력 행사와 의사결정구조에 있어서 정부의 행동 양식은 군부 권위주의의 행태를 탈피하지 못함으로써 긍정적인 정치발전의 성과를 달성하지 못했다. 정부 차원에서 특정 인물 1인이 모든 권력을 장악하고 각 권력기관에 대한 수평적 책임을 지지 않으므로 위임민주주의와 후견민주주의가 강화된다. 국방과 치안에서 지분을 장악한 군부는 버마족 중심의 배타적 민주주의와 군부가 제정한 비민주적 헌법을 수호하며 비자유적 민주주의를 추구한다. 결손민주주의가 나타나는 근본적인 원인은 장기간 군부통치로 인해 민주적 제도를 운영할 집단의 부재, 민간에 의한 군부통제라는 민간우위의 원칙을 지킬 수 없는 권력구도의 한계로 요약된다. 따라서 미얀마 정치발전의 과제는 군부의 병영 복귀와 권위주의적 질서에 길들여진 민간정부의 권력구도와 정치행태를 민주적으로 전환하는 것이다.

• 동양고전연구
• /
• 제37호
• /
• pp.473-507
• /
• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 정치상황별로 주희가 제기한 정치적 의견들과 주희의 일관된 정치적 문제의식을 종합적으로 재구성하여 그가 추구한 도학정치를 이해하는 것이다. 남송의 문제는 정치였다. 정치의 구조적 모순이 모든 영역에 걸쳐 존재하였다. 주희에게 정치의 시작처는 황제와 조정이었고, 정치의 결과처는 백성이었다. 조정에 대해서 주희는 황제의 측근들이 황제의 권력을 이용하여 자신들 중심의 정치세력을 조장함으로서 조정이 제 역할과 기능을 하지 못하였고, 그 결과 정치부패로 전개되었다고 보았다. 그럼으로서 황제권의 약화, 기강의 붕괴와 공론과 공의의 부재가 조정에서 이루어졌고, 조정 밖으로는 정치적 신뢰의 부재, 민생의 피폐와 풍속의 악화를 가져왔다. 이러한 남송의 정국은 측근들의 정치적 성격과 정향이 바뀌었을 뿐, 정치부패의 기저인 정치행태와 정치문화는 변화가 없었다. 정치부패의 일상화는 남송 전 부문으로 확대되었다. 이러한 이유로 주희는 남송의 문제들에 대한 정치적 접근의 우선성을 보여준다. 주희의 정치적 접근은 위로는 황제로부터, 아래로는 백성으로부터 시작된다. 황제에게 정심술과 공평한 인사정책을 통한 기강확립의 요구는 정치의 시작처인 조정 정치에 대한 해법이었다. 백성들의 삶과 직결된 지방공무원들 중 친 권신 중심세력들의 제거, 그리고 군전제나 경계법처럼 정치적성격을 갖고 있는 정책에 대한 개혁의 요구는 정치의 결과처인 민생 정치에 대한 해법이었다. 그러나 주희의 정치적 이슈들은 남송 정국의 복잡한 권력구조와 역학관계에 의해 빈번히 좌절되었다. 경원당화는 주희의 그러한 정치적 좌절의 최종지가 되었고, 결과적으로 주희의 도학정치의 실패뿐만 아니라 남송 도학정치의 중단을 야기하였다.

• 의정연구
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.5-34
• /
• 2009

민주화 이후 민주적 의사규칙과 절차들이 도입되어 왔음에도 불구하고, 왜 한국의 국회는 파행적 의사진행을 되풀이 하고 있는가? 이 질문에 대해 본 연구는 의사규칙의 제도화 수준과 의안이 갖는 정치적 현저성에 주목하고, 그간 국회운영과 관련하여 헌법재판소에 청구된 사건들을 분석한다. 분석의 결과에 의하면, 의안의 정치적 현저성이 낮은 경우 국회 의사진행은 비교적 순조롭게 전개되는 경향을 보이나, 의안의 정치적 현저성이 높은 경우 의사진행은 여야간의 갈등과 대립 끝에 결국 파행으로 마감되는 경향을 보였다. 이는 국회 의사규칙의 제도화가 아직 충분한 수준에 이루지 못하고 있음을 의미한다. 의사규칙의 낮은 제도화 수준은 본질적으로 한국 대통령제가 지닌 제도적 특이성에서 비롯된다. 대통령에 편중된 정치권력으로 인해, 대통령을 엄호하고 옹호하는 여당의 역할이 두드러졌으며, 이에 따라 야당은 대통령과 행정부를 견제·비판하는 경향을 강하게 띠게 되었다. 그 결과 여야 간의 정쟁이 국회 의사결정과정을 지배하였고, 이는 종종 변칙적인 국회운영으로 이어졌다. 그 최종적인 결과는 국회 의사결정과정에 있어서 외부비용의 증가이며, 의사규칙의 더딘 제도화이고, 되풀이 되는 국회파행이다.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the power images in the style of a leader: through the focus on the portrait of Henry VIII. Study methods on the literature concerning viewpoints of power and image in the early modern age and the subjects of power are being used for theoretical backgrounds; and the visual data from National Portrait Gallery, British Library and the internet are used for exploratory studies. The results of this study are as follows. First, from the style of Henry VIII who represented the image of political power, the modern political phenomenon can be defined. Such phenomenon which displays images of political leaders from the study indicate an effective strategy. Second, the religious, a diplomatic representation for the style of Henry VIII powers, such as costume style and somatic visual images, represents the dignity and power by delivering visible internal attributes. Thus, the role model recognized by the society and the public's perception of leadership style affects the acknowledgement and belief by the people.

• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제50권7호
• /
• pp.244-252
• /
• 2013

본 논문에서는 이산사건시스템의 관리제어이론을 정치경제학에서 권력의 문제를 해석하는데 응용할 수 있음을 보인다. 이를 위해 권력에 기초한 제어입력의 결정 메커니즘과 이를 통한 관리제어시스템의 동작을 정의한다. 구체적으로, 경쟁하는 집단들(제어기들)의 공통 제어목적을 달성하기 위한 필요 충분 조건으로 권력-제어가능성의 개념을 소개한다. 이 조건이 만족되면 정해진 권력함수를 가진 집단들의 모듈러 제어를 통해 제어된 시스템은 공통의 제어목적을 벗어나지 않는다.

• Acta Via Serica
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.121-152
• /
• 2020

The article is a critical examination of the political developments in Armenia since the 'Velvet Revolution' of April-May 2018, when, on the wave of massive protests against the ruling regime, new young forces came to power raising amongst broad segments of population enormous enthusiasm and hopes about radical reforms that would lead to profound transformations in the political and socio-economic spheres. It contains a thorough analysis of underlying political processes in the country in an attempt to answer a number of topical questions, so important to get a deeper understanding of the situation in Armenia and in the South Caucasus region. Based on the analysis of the new authorities' performance against the acknowledged benchmarks and standards of democracy consolidation, such as: separation of powers, independence of the judiciary, good governance, transitional justice the author comes to the conclusion that they failed to achieve any breakthrough in the above-mentioned fields. On the contrary, as demonstrated by concrete examples, what occurred in Armenia was not a revolution but a mere regime change under the leadership of Prime Minister Pashinyan, who gradually has concentrated in his hands executive, legislative, and quasi-totality of the judicial branch of power.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the factors influencing the political participation of nursing students who, as they become future leaders in the nursing field, will need to increase their participation in health policy decisions. Methods: Data were collected using web-based questionnaires answered by 157 nursing students between March 13 and 27, 2023. Those data were analyzed using t-test, a one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a multiple linear regression. Results: The average score of political participation was 2.77±0.70 out of 5 points. Political participation showed positive correlations between political efficacy (r=.48, p<.001) and nursing professionalism (r=.27, p<.001). Furthermore, sex (female) and political efficacy were identified as influencing factors on political participation among nursing students, which explained it with 24.0% power. Conclusion: Providing timely nursing education is necessary for enhancing political efficacy, which could promote political participation among nursing students.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.104-118
• /
• 2011

Since Sirimavo Bandarinaike became the first female prime minister in 1960, women all over the world has been trying to break the highest glass ceiling. In a place where men had been dominating throughout history, women political leaders had to find a way to look the part by wearing power suits. Feminity was out of the question until the digital era of 21st century started. The world has evolved into a place where feminity could be strength instead of weakness. Now women political leaders are showing body curves, cleavage, using vivid and pastel colors, soft fabrics, elaborate details, accessories, long and curly hair. The padded shoulders of dark coloured power suits were replaced by soft colorful flowing feminine suits. Yulia Tymoshenko of Ukraine is the best example of 21st century woman political leader using feminity in her fashion style while enacting her role. When she first started politics in 1990's, she wore dark colored power suits like all other women political leaders did with short dark hair. As time passed her suits became more feminine with light colors and elaborate details. She has changed her hair into a neat braid, based on a traditional Ukrainian hair style. She used orange color for the Orange Revolution and white for pure image. Yulia Tymoshenko's fashion style as a way of role enactment showed professionalism, feminity, integrity, and ethnicity.