• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2021년도 제64차 하계학술대회논문집 29권2호
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• pp.147-150
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• 2021

최근 문화 산업에서 정치적 올바름 요소를 더욱 확장시키고 있는데 이러한 소수자 우대 정책이 작품내 맥락을 고려하지 않아서 부자연스럽고 역차별을 야기한다는 주장이 많다. 본 논문에서는 게임에 들어가는 정치적 올바름 요소에 대해 알아보고 설문조사를 통해 게임 사용자들의 의견을 분석해서 게임에서의 정치적 올바름 요소에 대한 개선안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.159-190
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• 2019

본 논문은 2010년대 사회적 반향을 일으켜온 사회파 영화의 정치적 무의식에 관심을 두며 해당 시기 한국영화의 사회적 상상력을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 실화를 소재로 한 사회파 영화 <변호인>(2013), <1987>(2017), <택시운전사>(2017) 등의 영화는 상식과 정의에 기반한 시민사회의 에토스를 반영하였다. 평범한 소시민이 정치적 올바름을 각성한 후 공적인 공간(법정, 광장)으로 나아간다는 서사구조도 동일했다. 무엇보다 '실화'를 소재로 했다는 것이 블랙리스트 시대의 검열을 피할 수 있는 전략이 될 수 있었다. 이들 사회파 영화에서 법정과 광장은 민주주의를 상징하는 공간이 되었다. 반체제적 저항을 의미하는 광장 정치에 대한 체질적인 거부감이 있던 박근혜 정권기 블랙리스트에 오른 감독이나 제작사의 영화는 제작되기 어려웠다. 그렇기에 이 시기 영화 속 법정은 당시 정권의 검열과 기피의 대상인 광장 정치를 '합법적'으로 재현가능하게 하는 상징적 대리공간이 될 수 있었다. 한편 광장은 점차 '실화'를 표방한 정치영화의 주된 공간이 되어갔는데, 영화 속 재현된 1980년대의 광장은 2017년 관객들이 경험한 광화문 촛불광장으로 이어지며 나아가 이는 '민주주의의 열린 공간'이라는 추상적 광장의 개념에 도달할 수 있었다. 이러한 작품의 기저에는 1980년대의 실패한 민주화 운동의 트라우마를 2010년대 실패한 진보 운동의 트라우마와 동일시하는 심리적 기제가 깔려있다. 본 연구를 통해 2010년대 사회파 정치영화가 '정치적 올바름'과 헌법적 상식을 강조하며 상당한 성공을 거두었지만 블랙리스트 시대의 검열을 벗어난 상상력을 보여주지는 못했던 탈정치적 대중영화라는 한계도 동시에 품고 있었음을 살펴볼 수 있었다.

• 영미문화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.29-48
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• 2010

This paper is a kind of interdisciplinary studies which connect a Western film criticism with a criticism of minority literature in America. My purpose in this paper is to put on the table such a sensitive issue as racial representation and representativeness in Clint Eastwood's revisionist Western, Unforgiven. We admit generally that Western films have contributed to the white American myth-making of how the West was won. Yet, since the mid-1960s, a growing number of revisionist Westerns were produced so as to raise a question about the conventional way of looking at what happened in the American West. In order to analyze the problem inherent in the way of seeing, I pay attention to how the director Eastwood (re)presents a character named W. W. Beauchamp in the film. Presumably, what the character Beauchamp misses in the West can be overlapped with what ordinary film viewers miss in the genre of Westerns. Given this, interrogating both what Beauchamp sees and what he misses within the movie, I attempt to disclose how much of the West has been unseen from his biased viewpoint. By doing so, I argue why it is important to focus on some passing scenes that touch on the irony of a Native American train passenger, the gaze of the mute Native American housewife, the abrupt disappearance of Asian American men, the lynching of African-American ex-cowboy, and the self-determination of the saloon prostitutes. Then I hope that, conservative and mainstream though the director is, his way of revising the Western is not quite far from my minority-conscious critical position.

• 한국연극학
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• 제40호
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• pp.307-344
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• 2010

Cultural Studies built on the critical mind of New Left exposes the relationship between culture and power, and investigates how this relationship develops the cultural convention. It has achieved the new perspective that could make us to think culture and art in terms of political correctness. However, the critical voices against the theoretical premises of Cultural Studies have been increased as its heyday in 1980s was nearly over. For instance, Terry Eagleton, a former Marxist literary critic, declared in 2003 that the golden age of cultural theory is long past. This essay, therefore, intends to show the weak foundations on which the approaches of cultural studies to theatre rest and to clarify the general problem of their introduction to theatre studies. The approach of cultural studies to theatre takes the form of 'top-down inquiry' as it applies a theory to a particular play or historical period. In other word, from the theory the writer moves to the particular case. The result is not an inquiry but rather a demonstration. This circularity can destroy the point of serious intellectual investigation as the theory dictates answers. The goal-oriented narrow viewpoint as a logical consequence of 'top-down inquiry' makes the researcher to favor the plays or the parts of a play that are proper to test a theory. As a result it loses the fair judgment on the artistic value of a play, and brings about the misinterpretation. The interpreter-oriented reading is the other defect of cultural studies as it disregards the inherent meaning of the text, distorting a play. The approach of cultural studies also consists of a conventionality as it arrives at a stereotyped interpretation by using certain conventions of reasoning and rhetoric. The cultural theories are fundamentally the 'outside theories' that seek to explain not theatre but the very broad features of society and politics. Consequently their application to theatre risks the destructive criticism, disregarding the inherent experience of theatre. Most of, if not all, cultural theories, furthermore, are proven to be lack of empirical basis. The alternative method to them is a 'cognitive science' that proves scientifically our mind being influenced by bodily experience. The application of cultural materialism to Shakespeare's is one of the cases that reveal the limits of cultural studies. Jonathan Dollimore and Water Cohen provide a kind of 'canonical study' in this application that is imitated by the succeeding researchers. As a result the interpretation of has been flooded with repetitive critical remarks, revealing the problem of 'top-down inquiry' and conventional reasoning. Cultural Studies is antipodal to theatre in some respect. It is interested chiefly in the social and political reality while theatre aims to create the fiction world. The theatre studies, therefore, may have to risk the danger of destroying its own base when it adopts cultural studies uncritically. The different stance between theatre and cultural theories also occurs from the opposition of humanism vs. antihumanism. We have to introduce cultural theories selectively and properly not to destroy the inherent experience and domain of theatre.