• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.963-1001
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• 2010

The national accounting matrix including environmental accounts(NAMEA) includes informations on environmental pressures in relation to economic activities as developed in the national accounts. In the NAMEA, conventional national accounts tables have been extended with accounts in physical units. This paper describes the background for work carried out on environmental accounts in Korea and explains how the NAMEA-air is developed. The Korea's NAMEA-air provided here serves several purposes; (1) a consistent and systemic feature of the interrelationship between the economy and the environment; (2) a basis for environmental economic analysis; and (3) the vital information for climate and air policy planning.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.60-84
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• 2011

This study accomplished technology improvement assessment of Gashydrate R&D project using ANP method which can deal with the sophisticated decisions involving a variety of interactions and dependencies. Criteria were selected by consultation and questionnaires with experts in four technology parts of gas hydrate project, and then the network was formed from relation with criteria and alternatives. As the result of analysis, the weight matrix was derived and the various relation in the network was able to be verified. The analysis was accomplished with four technology parts - geophysical exploration technology, geological and geochemical technology, analysis of deep-drill cores and stability technology, production technology - and the 'reliability' criterion ranked the highest of all parts. The rank of other criteria and the result of technology improvement assessment reflected the level of each technology. Thus, the result of this study will contribute to policy decision-making for developing and evaluating gas hydrate technology and other R&D projects.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2008

Emissions inputs for use in air quality modeling of Korea were generated with the emissions inventory data from the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), maintained under the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) database. Source Classification Codes (SCC) in the Korea emissions inventory were adapted to use with the U.S. EPA's Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) by finding the best-matching SMOKE default SCCs for the chemical speciation and temporal allocation. A set of 19 surrogate spatial allocation factors for South Korea were developed utilizing the Multi-scale Integrated Modeling System (MIMS) Spatial Allocator and Korean GIS databases. The mobile and area source emissions data, after temporal allocation, show typical sinusoidal diurnal variations with high peaks during daytime, while point source emissions show weak diurnal variations. The model-ready emissions are speciated for the carbon bond version 4 (CB-4) chemical mechanism. Volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions from painting related industries in area source category significantly contribute to TOL (Toluene) and XYL (Xylene) emissions. ETH (Ethylene) emissions are largely contributed from point industrial incineration facilities and various mobile sources. On the other hand, a large portion of OLE (Olefin) emissions are speciated from mobile sources in addition to those contributed by the polypropylene industry in point source. It was found that FORM (Formaldehyde) is mostly emitted from petroleum industry and heavy duty diesel vehicles. Chemical speciation of PM2.5 emissions shows that PEC (primary fine elemental carbon) and POA (primary fine organic aerosol) are the most abundant species from diesel and gasoline vehicles. To reduce uncertainties in processing the Korea emission inventory due to the mapping of Korean SCCs to those of U.S., it would be practical to develop and use domestic source profiles for the top 10 SCCs for area and point sources and top 5 SCCs for on-road mobile sources when VOC emissions from the sources are more than 90% of the total.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Given the difference in research performance in various scientific fields, this study aims to weight and valuate current indicators used for evaluation of scientific productions (publications), in order to adjust these indicators in comparison to each other and make possible a more precise evaluation of scientific productions. This is a scientometrics study using documentary, evaluative, and survey techniques. The statistical population consisted of 106 top Iranian researchers, scientists, and scientific and research managers. Then their research résumé information was gathered and analyzed based on research questions. In order to compare values, the data gathered from research production performance of the population was weighted using Shannon entropy method. Also, the weights of each scientific production importance according to expert opinions (extracted from other works) was analyzed and after adjustment the final weight of each scientific production was determined. A pairwise matrix was used in order to determine the ratios. According to the results, in the area of engineering sciences, patents (0.142) in the area of science, international articles (0.074) in the area of humanities and social sciences, books (0.174), and in the area of medical sciences, international articles (0.111) had the highest weight compared to other information formats. By dividing the weights for each type of publication, the value of each scientific production compared to other scientific productions in the same field and productions of other fields was calculated. Validation of the results in the studied population resulted in very high credibility for all investigated indicators in all four fields. By using these values and normalized ratios of publication indicators it is possible to achieve precise and adjusted results, making it possible to feasibly use these results in realistic policy making.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

Coding patterns that appeared frequently in the source code is a typical piece of code. The functionality that difficult to modularize, such as logging or synchronization processing, and the useful sentences in programming is extracted in software as codding pattern. Large-scale software could not be analyzed fully because the number of coding pattern that can be manually investigated is limited. In this paper, the characteristics of coding patterns perform the evaluation. The goal is to extract for codding-pattern to analyzed by developer. We was selected 6 indicators and performed analysis of 4 open-source. Matrix relations between the values and characteristics of the actual pattern analysis, pattern instances, the width of the distribution of instances, the pattern repeating structure of the elements included in the rates should be analyzed for patterns and indicators that help in choosing was confirmed.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.87-101
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• 2017

[Purpose] This study aims to classify of healthcare decline and analyze the corresponding health outcomes among cities in Korea. In pursuing the above, this paper gives the particular attention to draw policy implications. [Methodology/Approach] Public healthcare data of 81 cities between 2014 and 2015 was obtained from the National Medical Center of Korea. A matrix analysis, t-test, ANOVA and multivariate regression were applied. [Findings] The study results indicated that declining cities tend to have the most healthcare resources, compared to growing or maintaining cities. However, accessibility to healthcare appeared to be lower in declining cities. Based on the classification of cities on healthcare decline, 42 out of 81 cities were categorized as a maintain/improvement group, while 39 cities were characterized as decline/depression. The group with a decline/depression type has significantly more healthcare facilities than maintain/improvement type. In contrast, maintain/improvement cities indicated lower incidence of morbidity and mortality than decline/depression cities. Lastly, according to the multivariate regression analysis for the healthcare outcomes by the type of healthcare decline, incidence of morbidity and mortality tended to decrease as the number of healthcare workers, the proportion of people who have healthcare accessibility, and the Timely Relevance Index increased regardless of the number of medical facilities including hospital beds and special beds. [Practical Implications] In conclusion, focusing on the improvement of healthcare accessibility as well as staffing, rather than expanding facilities is essential to set the healthcare policies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7335-7355
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• 2015

The percentage of employment is getting important in the evaluation of university as the youth unemployment is increasing day by day and job shortage is followed. To improve the employment, several research from academy and various fields has been performed. However, systemic and long-term supports for improving the percentage of employment has been raised. Therefore, this study aims to survey the main activities for employment and analyse the importance of main activities. First, supporting activities for employment are surveyed about 19 universities. Second, the relative importance of supporting activities for employment are analysed to students and employment supporter by AHP. Third, portfolio analysis are conducted to analyse the difference of awareness on the employment supporting activities. This study is expected to strengthen the capability of university's employment and help to establish the policy for employment supporting activities.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.253-273
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• 2001

In this review article, we produce a technology tree in the earth observation by remote sensing, which is the Level I technology in the tree. To define Level II technologies, we create a two-dimensional matrix of technologies viewed from methodology and application viewpoints. Consequently the following fields are selected: reception-archiving, atmosphere, ocean, land, GIS, and common technology. For each Level II technology, we extract half a dozen Level III and about 20-30 Level IV technologies. For each Level IV technology, we review the status of domestic research and the approaches for acquiring deficient technology in Korea. Also we survey foreign institutions specializing in the deficient technologies and the time when the deficient technologies are needed. Furthermore we assign priority technologies from the viewpoints of public need and economic benefits. The information given in this article would help understand and collaborate among different disciplines, be a useful guide to a beginner to remote sensing, and assist policy making.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2013

Korea government promote renewable energy as the core of their energy matrix to break the dependence and reduce greenhouse effects. This study analyzes the economic assessment of Solid Refuse Fuel project in urban area, considering the marginal external costs of air pollution in this area. Assessment index defined as costs (i.e., construction cost, operation cost) and benefit (margin, external cost) data which is located in Sudokwon landfill site. The result indicates that cost-benefit analysis of SRF is calculated as 1.0. In addition, SRF project is very sensitive about electric power selling price, operating cost and labor cost according to inflation rates. This study shows that the sustainability of SRF project is required the government financial support like investment funds as well as policy support. Variability analysis of SRF economic assessment due to renewable energy can be used for making policies in various fields such as waste and public energy field.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.44-50
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• 2021

Recently, enterprise storage systems that require large-capacity storage devices to accommodate big data have used large-capacity flash memory-based storage devices with high density compared to cost and size. This paper proposes a high-efficiency life prediction method with slope descent to maximize the life of flash memory media that directly affects the reliability and usability of large enterprise storage devices. To this end, this paper proposes the structure of a matrix for storing metadata for learning the frequency of defects and proposes a cost model using metadata. It also proposes a life expectancy prediction policy in exceptional situations when defects outside the learned range occur. Lastly, it was verified through simulation that a method proposed by this paper can maximize its life compared to a life prediction method based on the fixed number of times and the life prediction method based on the remaining ratio of spare blocks, which has been used to predict the life of flash memory.