• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-125
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• 2016

The expansionary monetary policy was practiced after 2001 in Japan to treat the deflation spiral, and reduced only the nominal interest rates and domestic household demand. One of the most serious factors for this failure was the change of private sector's expectancy. This paper has studied the effect of Japanese monetary policy in 21c., with empirical research based on a renewed macroeconomic model and the VAR. The empirical analysis shows that the effect of monetary policy on the national income during 2001.01-2015.03 is weaker than that of 1985.01-1994.04. Money volume has a diminutive effect on the growth of GDP within a short term after 2001. The change in the expectations of the private sectors might have been the cause of ineffectiveness of the expansive monetary policy. Economic agents learned from the past Japanese financial crisis that an expansive monetary policy increased the inflation rate and caused the 'bubbles to burst' afterwards. The VAR analysis says that the effectiveness of monetary policy on the economic depression declined over the past 20 years and the expansion of money volume has no influence on exchange rate and net export. This means that the expansive monetary policy lost its effect on net export and national income steadily. Monetary policy makers have to recognize this fact, and to consider another anti-cycle political instrument, i.e. the fiscal policy with government debt.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.147-163
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• 2022

The relocation policy of public Institutions throughout provincial areas that implemented for the purpose of "balanced national development" finished in 2019 with the last relocation of the Korea Institute of Science & Technology Evaluation and Planning, which moved to Chungbuk Innovation City. Electric power public corporations also completed relocation program over eight regions across the nation. This study was conducted empirically to identify the structural relationship between the public service motivation and job attitude. In this, the relationship of organizational change, particularly occurred by the regional relocation, with the psychological state of these organization members (experienced direct changes and got substantial impacts in various aspects such as psychological, economic and living environment, etc.,) was studied. This study aims to seek early organizational stabilization ideas for electric power public corporations after relocation, and to present some implications that can contribute to the secondary relocation of public institutions to local areas. This study shows the statistically significant relationship between the psychological state occurred by relocation and organizational commitment. The result shows that the higher the expectation levels, the higher the degree of organizational commitment, while anxious psychological state has no relation with that. Additionally, expectation level has no significant functional relation with turnover intention. Followings are the major conclusions revealed in this study; The stronger the anxious psychological state, the higher the turnover inducement goes up. The higher the expectation levels, the higher the public service motivation grows, and the higher the anxiety psychological state, the public service motivation lowers. The organizational commitment grows according to the public service motivation proportionally, but the turnover inducement intention is weak. The moderating effect of public service motivation between the expectation of organizational change and turnover intention was not significant, but it was analyzed that the moderating effect of public service motivation formed a significant relationship with other anxiety psychology. The expectation levels of employees of electric power public corporations has grown up after moving to provincial areas. Relationship between the expectation mind and the turnover inducement has decreased after local relocation.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2005

This paper considered the impact of changing the product liability rule from consumer to producer liability on product safety under asymmetric information. In particular, it has been attempted to remove several constraints on antecedent studies. The main results of the study are as follows: under the misperception of the risk on a product, consumers may underestimate the probability of product failure. In this case, the accident rate can be lowered under the producer's liability rule. However, even under the asymmetric information, a consumer's estimation on the probability may be converged with the expected risk level, which could be called the 'rational expectation.' In this situation the probability of product failure can be lowered under the strict liability with contributory negligence. Additionally, it is possible to reduce the probability of product failure when a legal rule that imposes liability on cheapest cost avoider is admitted.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2008

The development of IT has contributed a lot to enhancing administrative efficiency. In particular, it enabled administrative agencies to be able to upgrade the effects and efficiency of public services by saving unnecessary time, labor, and equipment that might surely occur in delivering routine services in repetition. As the concept of governance and knowledge-based administration assumes a pivotal value in the 21 century administrative innovation, sharing information among agencies is a key to building effective governance system. However, current extent of sharing information in public agencies is below the level of expectation and thus the need exists for the steps to making information shared more widely and effectively among public agencies. This paper gives a snap shot on the extant status of information sharing among public agencies and seeks ways to facilitate it from the perspective of electrical government.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.198-208
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• 2007

Recently business enterprises have forced to face in fierce competition in today's global markets due to the short life cycles of products and the higher expectation of customers. Together with continuing advances in communications and transportation technologies, these environments have motivated the continuous evolution of the supply chain and the management techniques. This paper consider three-echelon inventory system which consist of one manufacturer, one distributor and N retailers for a single product under assumption of constant demand. This paper propose the inventory replenishment period using heuristic method and order policy through coordination of inventory replenishment period. The simulation results show that decrease the total cost of the three-echelon inventory system.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.140-140
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• 2011

Korea's RPS, which requires that power generation companies obtain a minimum percentage of their generation by using renewable energy, will take effect in 2012. Based on the first-year law enforcement, generation companies have to satisfy 2% of RPS compliance ratio in 2012. Then, the required RPS compliance ratio will increase up to 10% in 2022. Thus generation companies need to construct power plants that utilize various types of renewable energy sources such as PV and wind power. This work is aimed to analyze the cost of such a renewable power source in terms of capital cost, capacity factor, and fuel cost. We provide the analytical expectation on the renewable power generation cost of 2012 focusing on PV, onshore/offshore wind, fuel cell, and IGCC, which are focused by government policy.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of external image and self perfectionism on the depression. The survey collected 240 subjects from 3 university students in Seoul, Korea. The research period was from May to June of 2011 and the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 15.0. As a result of this research, those with lower self image level, those with higher self perfectionism increased the depression level. It is necessary to develop programs for university students considering the fact that external image and self perfectionism influence on the depression. Moreover, it should be developed that solutions can decrease psychological pressure and overcome overwhelming expectation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.37-45
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to analyze the relationship between trends in innovative EU industries and market distribution in smaller emerging markets under an open economy. Research design, data, and methodology - Although innovation was well-distributed, due to socio-economic factors following European integration, CEE had not achieved sustainable economic growth. However, this paper analyzes the differences among changes in CEE innovation for smaller emerging markets dominated since 2000. Market distribution has facilitated new markets for innovative industries, according to EU surveys and economic indicators. Results - The dominance of the local industrial market distribution has deterred innovation investment the survey shows that innovation investment has been shrinking, despite the EU's open innovation policy for CEE employment and R&D. For the CEE case, there were expectation gaps and uncertainty about whether to use the new distribution dominance or TNCs' innovation in smaller emerging countries without local industrial innovation. Conclusions - Innovation generates market growth and distribution power however, small growth requires stimulation, and creativity and innovative edge need further focus in local public and corporate strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1985

Consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction is a concept which is receiving increased attention from consumers, public policy makers, and marketers alike. The literature in this field is still meager, has been growing rapidly byt with diversity of direction. The purpose of this study is to review the conceptualization and taxonomy of CS/D in consumer research. Three types of the basic process in a general theory of CS/D are suggested; system CS/D, enterprise CS/D and product-service CS/D. It is also classified into macro marketing system CS/D, micro marketing system CS/D and consuming mix CS/D. The conceptualization of CS/D begins with a basic model of how CS/D results from the individual product purchase experience of individual consumer. Basic CS/D models are classified into process model which contains experience, information search, prepurchase evaluation and comparison process variables and psychological model which is derived from cognitive dissonance theory. Theoretical and empirical foundations about expectation model are asimilatin, contrast, generalized negativity and assimilation contrast theories.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.51-63
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• 1988

본(本) 연구(硏究)의 목적은 주식시장이론(株式市場理論)에서 개발된 시장(市場)의 중강효율가설(中强效率假設)(semi-strong from of the efficient market hypothesis)을 적용, 서울 강남지역 137개 유형의 아파트에 대한 1983년부터 1988년까지의 분기별(分期別) 매매가격자료(賣買價格資料)를 사용하여 주택매매시장(住宅買賣市場)의 효율성(效率性)을 실증분석하고자 함에 있다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 실증분석결과에 의하면 주택투자자(住宅投資者)들이 정부정책의 변화나 아파트 가격에 영향을 주는 공공정보(公共情報)들을 빠른 시일내에 자본화(資本化)(capitalize)하지 못함으로써 주택매매시장(住宅賣買市場)은 재정이윤(裁定利潤)(arbitrage profit)이 상당기간 존재하는 비효율성(非效率性)을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 주택이라는 재화(財貨)의 특수성에도 원인이 있지만 더 중요한 원인으로는 만성적인 주택수급(住宅需給) 불균형(不均衡)과 공공정보(公共情報)에 대한 투자자들의 이질적(異質的) 기대(期待)(heterogeneous expectation)를 들 수 있다.