• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.23-40
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• 2023

Purpose - This study aims to present the changes and directions in the automotive supply chain in the face of changes in the global supply chain caused by external factors and the integration of industries resulting from internal factors. Assuming FDI in the Korean automotive industry in the US, this study analyzed the influential factors over the long term and derived the optimal location. Design/methodology - For this analysis, the characteristics and current status of the automotive industry are presented. Additionally, the study emphasizes the necessity and direction of change. The factors influencing Korea-US FDI in the automotive industry and the electric vehicle industry were analyzed through panel analysis. The optimal location from the perspective of distribution costs was selected using linear programming under the assumption that local demand will be replaced by local production in the future. Findings - This study found that the electric vehicle supply chain will change with the characteristics of the electric and electronic industries rather than with the traditional automotive industry. Additionally, in deriving the optimal location, the study emphasized the proximity to the consumption market. Originality/value - The analysis method and conclusions of this study not only present the influential factors and direction of FDI in the automotive industry but also can be applied to other industries. Moreover, the study provides practical and policy implications for industries and governments considering FDI in the US.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38
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• pp.37-59
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• 1988

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the technological changes on locational changes on the assumption that technological changes cover over all industrial sectors. The study is carred on 1) To investigate the theoretical backgrounds of the technological and locational changes and their problems. 2) To investigate the location and economic characteristics of the Korean textile industry. 3) To investigate the technological development and regional variations in technological level. 4) To the relationship of the technological change to the location of the textile industries. The locational change of the Korean textile industries have been closely related to economic characteristics. In the begining stage of development in the 1950's, thetextile industries were largely concentrated in the major cities(Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Masan et. al.). In the growing stage of development in the 1960's, the textile industries were relocated in suburban areas with the trend of large corporations building their branch plants of chemical fibers in the suburbs. With the expansion in the export industry in the 1970's, the textile companies were distributed throughout the whole country. But the research and development(R&D) activities caused the textile industries reconcentrate around Seoul and Pusan, owining to the change of the economic environments in the 1980's. The 1980's have witnessed the increased R&D investment for the development of better new and value-added products. This was because the technological level was much higher than that of Taegu and Other regions. What is more, plant birth location and branch plant location support that locational changes of textile industry were caused by technological changes. Plant birth location put stress technological environments of region, compared with branch plant locaiton. Accordingly, the technological changes of industry can be an important factor in locational changes. Through this study, it can be seen that locational changes come from technological changes. Other locational factors influence the industrial locations, but regional variations in technological level which has been relatively ignored has to be considered on the location study. Together with the accomplishments of existing location study, the study on technological change and location can better explain the location phenomena. And further research on technological change and location can provide better policy implications for regional development.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.515-520
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• 2006

In this study, it is considered how housing paradigm for the elderly has been changed from traditional societies to the current times in terms of welfare. Those changes could be necessary for establishing housing policies and implementing them concerning the characteristics of the elderly and their predictable problems related to welfare. It is intended that diverse housing issues for the elderly in relation to welfare are investigated. The welfare approach is appropriate for the consideration of elderly housing as one of the individual goals for the welfare. For the accomplishment of the purpose, the changes are considered in terms of social, physical, and policy aspects.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.227-263
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• 2002

The Scandinavian cluster of welfare societies has for many years been considered a realisation of Richard Titmuss' institutional redistributive model of social policy. Recent reforms have, however challenged this assumption. The paper sets out to evaluate whether recent major changes in welfare provision are merely modifying the model or whether the Scandianian states are converging towards some kind of European social model. It is concluded that besides very many first order changes, such as reducing benefits, an number of second and third order changes have occurred; i.e. the institutional setting and the objective of the welfare states have changed during the 1990s. The Scandinavian welfare states are still distinct, but less so than a decade or two ago. The new elements are features usually associated with welfare models at play within the European Union. It is, hence, concluded that welfare in Scandinavia is undergoing a process of Europeanisation.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1991

In accordance with the rapid industrialization in Korea, there have been remarkable changes in the health environment. The major changes are ; the change of disease structure, the aging of population structure, the diversification of health needs and the increase of health care costs. Because most of health problems stems from the environment, national health policy should be conducted according to the environmental changes. It is necessary for the voluntary organizations as well as the government ones to plan and participate the national health promotion movement on a national level so as to make the people form the attitude that health promotion is better than cure. Also, it is desirable that national health promotion movement be implemented gradually especially by four steps, 1) preparation step; 2) enlightenment step: 3) implementation step: 4) evaluation step.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2008

For the last few years, the wholesale market system in Japan has been experiencing a lot of changes in the related sectors. The greatest changes in the environments surrounding the wholesale market were enlargement of the producers' cooperatives, increase of fisheries products marketed in the outside of the wholesale market system, and management aggravation of the related businessmen, These changes resulted in the revision of the wholesale Market Law in 1999 to cope with the social needs successfully. Recently, fisheries wholesale markets in Japan have a few problems like declining of earning power, weakening of management constitution, etc. Consequently, Japanese government presents policy for enforcing the competition power through reform laws related with fisheries wholesale markets. Also the fisheries wholesale markets have been trying variety and active countermeasures like undertaking, merger, coalition, etc. to overcome the crisis.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.275-306
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• 2018

Amid a general rise in protectionism and a trade war between the world's two largest economies, this paper analyzes changes in gains from trade for the world over a decade marked by rapid global economic integration preceding the global financial crisis of 2007-08. It employs state-of-the-art quantitative trade models based on the gravity equation to estimate autarky gains from trade, as well as a recently introduced ANOVA-type structural estimation of the gravity equation to obtain trade costs free of residual trade cost bias. Between 1995 and 2006, the cost of moving to autarky increased by about 45% on average. A decomposition exercise suggests most of the increase in autarky gains from trade on average was due to increases in import shares in total spending, with a limited role for reallocations of spending across sectors with varied trade elasticities. Changes in trade costs between 1995 and 2006 are found to have increased autarky gains from trade, as measured in 2006, by up to 100%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.139-146
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• 2016

Aging phenomenon is an important issue in Korea national policy. This aging phenomenon depends on the social and environmental characteristics of regions. Also aging phenomenon and regional characteristics have spatial dependency. The purpose of this study is to discover the spatial changes in aging population rate and to find local factors of regional aging phenomenon considering spatial autocorrelation. For spatial analysis of ageing phenomenon, local Moran's I and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) were applied. As the results, the most significant changes of aging phenomenon appeared between 2000 and 2005, and most of hot-spot regions (aged regions) were distributed in Jullanam-do and Jullabuk-do. The results of GWR (R-square: 0.681) shows that total fertility rate, the number of doctor per 1,000 people and forest area rate have positive relation with aging population rate, but the number of private academy per 1,000 people has negative relation.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.67-76
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to explore the periodic changes of apartment supply between 1980 and 2001 in the City of Donghae. A survey was conducted with 82 apartment complexes that were built in during 21years. The data were itemized and specified by the unit house area, story, periodic and local apartment distribution. They were classified by five:(5) periods and analyzed by each apartment complexes for building characteristics. There were found that apartment housing were influenced by many primary factors such as demographics and a lot of the housing politics etc. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Apartment supply in the City of Donghae mass-produced from 1980 to 2001; Especially the forth period was supplied 5,999 households. 2) Between south area and north area was found a regional disparity. 3) The exclusive use $34{\sim}66m^{2}$ were continuously and centrally supplied according to the housing policy and practical demand. 4) For the types of story were variously found ; Especially the below 5 story apartment was continuously supplied.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.9-28
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is explore the changes of environment in terms of diffusion of EC and to present effective marketing strategies for Electronic Commerce Activation. This paper focuses on the customer management, Real-Time Responding, and market strategies in Electronic Commerce. EC(Electronic Commerce) that out of the evolution of Internet technology gets a corporation changes to survive in 21st century. So the corporation must set the strategy to fit a Internet focused society. This paper is focusing the analysing the difference between the e-marketing and traditional marketing and proposing the new strategical marketing mix. On the Electronic Commerce, the 6Cs of marketing - Contents, Community, Commerce, Connection, Communication, Customizing - are being played out quite differently than they normally are off-line. In conclusion, the change in Electronic Commerce environment results in (1) redefinition of customer group, (2) different marketing strategies to fit in Electronic Commerce environment, and (3) changes in customer management, promotion strategy, advertizing appeal.