• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.307-314
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• 1998

We have studied the effects of interface on polarization dependence of waveguide and designed the polarization independent 2-dimensional waveguides on InP for arrayed waveguide grating. To figure out the effects of interface on polarization dependence, we have solved the 1-dimensional wave equation using a transfer matrix method. It is shown that the birefringence becomes stronger as the number of interfaces increases. In order to design polarization independent 2-dimensional waveguides, we have used effective index method. The structures considered are ridge type, raised strip type, and buried type waveguide. In the cases of ridge and raised strip type, conventional effective index method was used. In the case of buried type corrected effective index method was used. We have determined the height and width of waveguides such that the waveguides become polarization independent.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2009

The SiOC film as inter layer insulator was researched the reason of the decreasing the dielectric constant by the ionic polarization and electronic polarization, respectively. The dielectric constant was measured using the conventional C-V measurement system, and the reflective index owing to the electronic polarization. Two kinds of dielectric constants were compared and then induced the origin of low-k materials. The chemical properties of the SiOC film were analyzed by the FTIR spectra, and the carbon content was obtained by the deconvoluted data of FTIR spectra. The variation of the carbon content tended to similar to the trend of reflective index, but was in inverse proportion to the dielectric constant. The effect of the electronic polarization did not affect the decreasing the dielectric constant, however the ionic polarization decreased effectively the dielectric constant of the SiOC film.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.95-99
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• 1999

We proposed a new retrieval method for aerosol's real part of refractive index, optical thickness, and Angstrom exponent using POLDER's directional reflectance and polarization data. We showed that aerosol's real part of refractive index can be retrieved systematically using multi-directional PR(polarization and reflectance) diagrams in a single infrared band by our algorithm for the first time. We examined the retrieved results, by comparing with the simultaneously measured sky observation data at the study site and we obtained a reasonable agreement between them.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-28
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• 2007

Upon analyzing several Korean Income data sets, it is confirmed that the relationship between Gini coefficient and bi-polarization measure (EGR) is empirically not different although they each come from different theoretical basis. Furthermore, it is difficult to state that the degree of polarization of income distribution, measured by DER, in Korea has deepened more than that of income inequality, estimated by Gini coefficient, in the periods of before and after the economic crisis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.4
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• pp.497-508
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• 2017

This study conducted to examine about the income inequality and bi-polarization for forestry household. For this purpose, Gini coefficient and Atkinson index were used to analyze the income inequality for forestry household. Also, DER index were employed to show their income bi-polarization. Before using these methodologies, forestry household income was divided into three parts that was forestry income, non forestry business income and transfer income. And then, income inequality and bi-polarization were analyzed respectively. The result shows that forestry household income inequality was higher than whole household inequality. Apart from transfer income, forestry household income, forestry income and non forestry business income inequality was aggravated. At the same time, these tendency was able to observe the bi-polarization for forestry household income and other income sources.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.319-323
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• 2008

The polarization resistance of mild steel in 0.5M hydrochloric acid has been evaluated by using impedance (Z) and linear polarization (LPR) techniques and compared to the noise resistance obtained from electrochemical noise data. The degree of localization of this general corrosion has also been discussed by evaluating localization index and power spectral density. Polarization resistance obtained by LPR technique ($28\Omega$) was higher than that obtained by impedance technique ($15\Omega$). Noise resistance ($11\Omega$) was much lower than polarization resistance measured by both of above techniques. Higher polarization resistance obtained by LPR technique is generally caused by passivation effect in the presence of scales or deposits which can introduce an increased resistance as can low conductivity electrolytes. The reason why noise resistance is lower than polarization resistance is the effect of background noise detected by using three platinum electrodes cell in 0.5M hydrochloric acid. Slope($-\beta$) of power spectral density (PSD) obtained from analysis of noise data ($-\beta$ = 3.3) was much higher than 2 which indicates mild steel corroded uniformly. Localization index (LI) calculated from statistical analysis (LI=0.08) is much lower than 1 which indicates that mild steel did not corroded locally. However, LI value is still higher than $1x10^{-3}$ and this indicates that mild steel corroded locally in microscopic point of view.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.117-120
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• 2002

Side-polished single-mode fiber covered with a thick planar-glass-waveguide is studied as a polarization-insensitive fiber-optic refractometer The properties of the device are very sensitive to the index variation of an upper cladding on top of the overlay waveguide. We investigate the spectral response, the polarization properties, and the relationship between the shift in coupling wavelength and the index variation of an upper cladding layer Index resolutions of the order of 10-4 have been achieved.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2013

Purpose - This dissertation is based on previous research, and analyzes processing trade, which constitutes a major section of foreign trade in Shandong Province. Research design, data, and methodology - The study uses the survey data on polarization, which is a vital index reflecting the unbalanced growth of regional economic development. The article introduces the processing trade polarization index, and the processing trade polarization fluctuation rate, to predict the geographical polarization posture and development trends in Shandong Province. Results -The development of processing trade in Shandong Province shows the level of gradient from east to west. The first-line growth pole has been formed and developed, and the initial formation of the diffusion mechanism has taken place. However, coordination problems in accompanying regional development have become increasingly prominent. Conclusions - This study focuses on the development of processing trade strategy and suggests overall coordination of development objectives, using non-balanced development goals. According to regional characteristics and development objectives of the processing trade in Shandong Province, the region around the city is divided into innovation diffusion region, enhanced growth areas, areas expected to undertake development, and areas to upgrade in four levels, given the different policy proposals.

• Science & Technology Policy
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• v.17 no.3 s.164
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• pp.74-82
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.385-387
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• 2005

Polarimetric measurements of the sky radiation by the PSR-I000, which is the multi-spectral polarimeter developed by the Opt Research Corporation and has the same wavelength regions (443nm, 490nm, 565nm, 670nm, 765nm and 865nm) as the ADEOSII/POLDER sensor, have been carried out at the ground station in Kanazawa city, Japan from March to May. First of all, the wavelength dependency of degrees of polarization is examined and it is shown that degrees of polarization measured under the hazy dust cloud are lower than those measured in the clear sky and decrease as the wavelength increases. Next, a new method for estimating optical properties, such as the optical thickness, the number size distribution and the refractive index, of the Asian dust and the ground reflectance from degrees of polarization measured by PSR-I000 is described. Finally, this method is applied to polarization data acquired on April 15,2002. As a result, it is shown that our estimation algorithm provides a good result.