• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.151-166
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• 1999

Both benthic and planktonic foraminifera from Core 97-02 obtained in the northern East China Sea are quantitatively analyzed for reconstructing the paleocenography of late Quaternary. Since the earliest time of the core sediment (last not older than 18000 yr B.P.), the paleo-water depth has changed from less than 20 m to near 100 m at present, which is reflected by the benthic foraminiferal assemblages: before 14000 yr B.P., the water depth was shallower than 20 m; from 14000 to 7500 yr B.P., water depth was 20-50 m; and after 7500 yr B.P., water depth was 50-100 m. The foraminiferal fauna also disclose the water mass history: during the last glacial maximum, the water that dominated the study area might be the coastal water; at the end of the last glacial maximum(14000-9500 yr B.P.), the Yellow Sea Cold Water mostly affected this area; then it gave way to the Yellow Sea Warm Current after 9500 yr B.P.; and finally, the warm water has dominated this area since 9500 yr B.P. because of the westward shift and enhancement of the Kuroshio Current.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_2호
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• pp.1203-1213
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• 2018

북극해 및 남극해는 접근이 어려운 지역으로 해양환경 모니터링을 위해 원격탐사 기술을 이용한 관측이 효과적이다. 원격탐사 플랫폼인 인공위성, 무인기와 선박 등에 관측센서를 장착하여 연구지역의 환경변화를 모니터링하고 있지만 극지역의 다양한 환경에서는 시계열자료 및 광범위한 데이터가 필요하다. 특히 고위도 지역에서는 낮은 태양고도의 영향으로 광학원격탐사를 적용하기는 쉽지않다. 본 논문에서는 2010년도 부터 극지연구소 쇄빙연구선 아라온호에 초분광계 HyperSAS(Satlantic inc.)를 설치하여 연구항해 및 이동항해 동안 해수의 분광학적 정보를 연속적으로 획득하고, 극지 해색 원격탐사자료 성능개선을 위해 현장에서 해수샘플을 채수하며 수행하고 있는 연구를 소개한다. 해수 상부의 반사도와 현장 해수샘플링은 2010년부터 연속적으로 획득하고 있어 동일 지역에 대한 반사도의 시계열 변화를 모니터링할 수 있다. 또한 고위도에서부터 저위도까지 연속적으로 관측하여 위도별 반사도 값의 연속 변화를 파악할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 취득한 자료는 극지역에서 남극해, 북극해 해수의 반사도가 어떻게 변화하는지 이해하고, 반사도를 통한 엽록소, 부유물질 등의 다양한 인자를 추정하는 알고리즘 개발에 활용될 것이다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.407-418
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• 2008

Seawater samples were collected at discrete depths from five stations across the polar front in the Drake Passage (Antarctic Ocean) by the $20^{th}$ Korea Antarctic Research Program in December, 2006. Nitrate concentrations of seawater increase with depth within the photic zone above the depth of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW). In contrast, ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of seawater nitrate decrease with depth, showing a mirror image to the nitrate variation. Such a distinct vertical variation is mainly attributed to the degree of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton as well as organic matter degradation of sinking particles within the surface layer. The preferential $^{14}{NO_3}^-$ assimilation by the phytoplankton causes $^{15}{NO_3}^-$ concentration to become high in a closedsystem surface-water environment during the primary production, whereas more $^{14}{NO_3}^-$ is added to the seawater during the degradation of sinking organic particles. The water-mass mixing seems to play an important role in the alteration of ${\delta}^{15}N$ values in the deep layer below the UCDW. Across the polar front, nitrate concentrations of surface seawater decrease and corresponding ${\delta}^{15}N$ values increase northward, which is likely due to the degree of nitrate utilization during the primary production. Based on the Rayleigh model, the calculated ${\varepsilon}$ (isotope effect of nitrate uptake) values between 4.0%o and 5.8%o were validated by the previously reported data, although the preformed ${\delta}^{15}{{NO_3}^-}_{initial}$ value of UCDW is important in the calculation of ${\varepsilon}$ values.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to establish an optimized 1D $^1H$ quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) analytical method for analyzing polar metabolites in meat. Three extraction solutions [0.6 M perchloric acid, 10 mM phosphate buffer, water/methanol (1:1)], three reconstitution buffers [20 mM 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid, phosphate buffer], and two pulse programs (zg30, noesypr1d) were evaluated. Extraction with 0.6 M perchloric acid and 20 mM phosphate resulted in a stable baseline and no additional overlap for quantifying polar metabolites in chicken breast. In qNMR analysis, zg30 pulse program (without water-suppression) showed smaller relative standard deviation (RSD) and faster running time than noesypr1d (water-suppression). High-performance liquid chromatography was compared with qNMR analyses to validate accuracy. The zg30 pulse program showed good accuracy and lower RSD. The optimized qNMR method was able to apply for beef and pork samples. Thus, an optimized 1D $^1H$ qNMR method for meat metabolomics was established.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.457-472
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• 2011

To elucidate the trophic role of heterotrophic nano- and microplankton (HNMP), we investigated their biomass, community structure, and herbivory in three different water masses, namely, south of Polar Front (SPF), Polar Front Zone (PFZ), the Sub-Antarcitc Front (SAF) in the Drake Passage in the Southern Ocean, during the austral summer in 2002. We observed a spatial difference in the relative importance of the dominant HNMP community in these water masses. Ciliates accounted for 34.7% of the total biomass on an average in the SPF where the concentration of chlorophyll-a was low with the dominance of pico- and nanophytoplankton. Moreover, the importance of ciliates declined from the SPF to the SAF. In contrast, heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HDFs) were the most dominant grazers in the PFZ where the concentration of chlorophyll-a was high with the dominance of net phytoplankton. HNMP biomass ranged from 321.9 to 751.4 $mgCm^{-2}$ and was highest in the PFZ and lowest in the SPF. This result implies that the spatial dynamic of HNMP biomass and community was significantly influenced by the composition and concentration of phytoplankton as a food source. On an average, 75.6%, 94.5%, and 78.9% of the phytoplankton production were consumed by HNMP in the SPF, PFZ, and SAF, respectively. The proportion of phytoplankton grazed by HNMP was largely determined by the composition and biomass of HNMP, as well as the composition of phytoplankton. However, the herbivory of HNMP was one of the most important loss processes affecting the biomass and composition of phytoplankton particularly in the PFZ. Our results suggest that the bulk of the photosynthetically fixed carbon was likely reprocessed by HNMP rather than contributing to the vertical flux in Drake Passage during the austral summer in 2002.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.511-517
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• 1993

Changes of the surface and interface tension with temperature for washing liquids and alkanes were measured by FACE surface tensiometer. Using the extended Fowkes' equation, the dispersion and polar force components of the surface tension were estimated. The results were as follows : 1. The surface tensions of washing liquids and alkanes decreased almost linearly with the increase of temperature. 2. The interface tensions of 0.25% DBS/alkane increased slowly with the increase of temperature. In the case of nonionic surfactant solutions, however, the interface tensions with alkanes varied with the number of hydrophilic ethylene oxide(EO) groups. 3. Of the surface tension of water at $20^{\circ}C$, the dispersion force component was 25.3 dyn/cm and the polar force component was 47.8 dyn/cm. As the temperature increased, both the polar and dispersion force components decreased in a similar fashion. 4. The dispersion force component of surface tension of 0.25% DBS solution was 30.0 dyn/cm, and the polar force component was 2.2 dyn/cm at $20^{\circ}C$. The two components decreased with the increase of temperature. 5. As the temperature increased, the dispersion force component of surface tension decreased and the polar force component increased significantly for 0.25% NPPG-7.5EO solution. In the case of 025% NPPG-10EO, both the dispersion and polar force components decreased slowly, but the polar force component is expected to increase from $60^{\circ}C$. However, the polar force component of surface tension decreased with the increase of temperature for 025% NPPG-15EO solution, and at the temperature higher than $60^{\circ}C$ the surface tension is expected to be composed of only dispersion force component.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2004

The observational proxy estimates suggest that the North Atlantic overturning stream function associated with the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production and outflow was substantially weaker during the last glacial maximum (LGM) than that observed under present conditions. The impact of the changes in overturning circulation on the glacial carbon budget is investigated using a box model. The carbon box model reveals that the atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration is more sensitive to change in the overturning circulation of the North Atlantic than that of the Southern Ocean, especially when North Atlantic overturning becomes weaker. For example, when the strength of the North Atlantic overturning circulation is halved, the atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration is reduced by 50ppm of that associated with the accumulation of $CO_2$ in the deep ocean. This result implies that a weaker North Atlantic overturning circulation may play an important role in the lowering of LGM atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration.

• 지구물리
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2005

전 지구적 환경 모니터링을 위한 빙하 시추의 예비 탐사로서 남극 리빙스톤섬에서 GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) 탐사를 실시하였다. 탐사지역은 세종기지가 위치한 킹죠지섬으로부터 남서쪽으로 80 km 위치한 곳으로 해발 340 m의 Mt. Charra 부근에 위치한다. 총 5개의 측선을 탐사했으며 3개의 반사법과 2개의 CMP(Common Midpoint) 방법을 실시하였다. 탐사결과 연구지역에서 빙하층은 전자기파의 속도와 반사단면의 특징으로 3개로 나누었다. 빙하의 두께는 80∼110 m에 이르는 것으로 추정되고 층에 따라 빙하 내부에 다량의 물과 화산재를 포함하고 있는 것으로 해석된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2023

This study used hydroacoustic method to identify the vertical and horizontal distribution of Antarctic silverfish in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. In February and December 2018, Antarctic silverfish was detected up to 250 meters, and was mainly distributed in water depths of 20 to 30 meters. The horizontal distribution of Antarctic silverfish was mostly undetected in February, and December showed a relatively stronger distribution than that of February. Antarctic silverfish is characterized by their distribution near sea ice.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2003

Cyclohexane에 녹아있는 Triton X-100/n-hexanol/water 계의 비이온성 역미셀(reverse micelle)에 대한 미세 환경정보를 알아보기 위해 methylene blue(MB)를 이용하여 흡광 및 형광 분광법으로 고찰하였다. 역미셀의 극성 중심(polar core)에서 물의 미세 상태에 대한 정보는 MB와 Triton X-100 사이의 착물형성과 용매화변색(solvatochromic)거동을 조사해 봄으로써 얻을 수 있었으며, 역미셀의 안쪽 극성 중심에서 3가지 상태로 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 물의 세 가지 상태에 대한 $W(=[H_2O]/[Surf])$값은 0.71, 4.98, 7.26으로 측정되었으며, 그에 대한 MB의 형광수명은 $15.45 ns{\pm}0.56$, $12.27 ns{\pm}0.79$, 그리고 $8.28 ns{\pm}0.82$으로 나타났다.