• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1992

TWINSPAN(two-way indicator species analysis), DCCA(detrended canonical correspondence analysis) and polar ordination method wee used so as to analyze the the relation between forest vegetation and hibitat of mudungsan(1, 187m) located in kwangju area. Vegetationsurvey consulted 1:25, 000 topographical map, set up 41 quadrats and analyzed from April, 1990 to August, 1991. Forest vegetation of mudungsan was classifild to quercus acutissima community, fraxinus mandshurica community, quercus mongolica community, quercus serrata community, quercus dentata community, quercus variabilis community, and pinus densiflora community by TWINSPANmethod, and this almost coincide with the result of plar ordination. according to DCCA analysis, P. densiflora community was formed in xeric and low altitude region which soil nutrient was poor, compared with other communities. q. variabilis and q. acutissima community wee distributed in the region that low altitude and organic matter content was comparatively low, but q. acutissima community was formed in a damp region while q. variabilis community in a xeric region. q. mongolica and f. mandshurica formed the communities in a high altitude region, especially f. mandshurica cmmunity was distributed in a high humidity region. According to polar ordination analysis, the forest vegetation was classified to 7 communities by means of environmental gradient such as humidity, organic matter, ph, temperature, c.e.c and P2O5.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2000

The forest vegetation of Mt. seondal was classified into eight communities and one afforestation by the phytosocialogical method (Z-M method). In general, Quercus mongolica trees occupied most of the area, while afforestation forest was distributed on the lower slope, cultivated land, and at the vicinity of village. The vegetation on the top part of Mt. Seondal was comparatively well preserved, but that in the lower areas has been disturbed heavily by human activity and some had mixed forests composed of pine trees, oaks, ashes, and Rhododendron micrantum shrub. By cluster analysis method. nine groups were identified as follows : Quercus mongolica group, Q. mongolica - Pinus densiflora group, Q. mongolica - Rhododendron schlipen - bachii group, Q. mongolica - Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa group, P. densiflora group, Juglans mandshurica group, Fraxinus mandshurica group, Betula costata group and Larix leptolepis group. These groups showed differences in species composition, but Quercus mongolica, Q. mongolica - P. densiflora, Q. mongolica - R. schlippenbachii and Q. mongolica - S. chinensis for. pilosa groups among them showed very similar floristic composition to each other. In the relationship between polar ordination axes and environmental variables, altitude was the environmental factor determining variation in species composition along axis X and soil moisture was the environmental along axis Y. They were the main factors in determining forest vegetation. The result of cluster analysis and polar ordination for the forest vegetation were corresponded to those of phytosocialogical classification in classifying vegetation.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제77권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1988

가야산(伽倻山) 홍류동계곡(紅流洞溪谷)의 식생군집구조분석(植生群集構造分析)을 위하여 11개 장소에 조사구(調査區)를 설치하고 조사된 식생자료(植生資料)로서 3가지의 ordination 방법(polar, principal component analysis, reciprocal averaging)을 적용한 결과, 삼림군집(森林群集)은 소나무군집(群集)과 갈참나무군집(群集)으로 구분되었다. 각 조사구마다 측정한 환경요소(環境要素)와 ordination 결과의 stand scores와의 상관분석(相關分析)에 의하면 소나무군집(群集)에서 갈참나무군집(群集)으로 이행할수록 토양(土壤) pH, 토양유기물함량(土壤有機物含量), 토양함수량(土壤含水量)의 증가는 유의적(有意的)인 관계가 성립되었다. 식생군집구조분석(植生群集構造分析)의 결과에 의하면 평균상대우점식(平均相對優占植)에서 소나무와 참나무류간에는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)가, 소나무의 상대우점치와 종다양도(種多樣度), 균재도(均在度)간에도 부(負)의 상관관계가 인정되었다. Ordination 방법중 reciprocal averaging 방법이 본 연구에서는 가장 효과적이었으며, RA방법에 의하여 추정된 천이과정(遷移過程)은 교목층(喬木層)인 상층(上層)은 소나무${\rightarrow}$굴참나무${\rightarrow}$갈참나무 및 서어나무의 순이었고, 중층(中層)은 참싸리${\rightarrow}$옻나무류, 철쭉${\rightarrow}$쇠물푸레, 생강나무${\rightarrow}$참회나무, 병꽃나무, 작살나무의 순이었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.231-241
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• 1991

The analyses of correlation, enviromental gradient, continuum and polar ordination methods were used for studing on relationships between forest vegetation and their habitats in Mt. changan, chagsu-gun, korea. influencing correlation of moisture index to the main 41species from the study area they were composed of several groups by leading species of quercus mongoulica, that of carpinus tschonoskii and that of fraxinus mandshurica. On the other hand, it was found three communities in different habitats by environmental gradient i.e. each community of f. mandshurica, mangnolia sieboldii and hydrangea serrata for. acuminata have occurred in moist place, that of c. teschonoskii and q. serrata, in mesic and that of q. mongolica, q.variabilis, rhododendron schlippenbachii, in dry. in addition an occupied distribution area was investigated according to continuum index e.g. cornus controversa,betula costata,q. variabilis, q. serrata and q. mongolica over altitudinal 800m were distributed to a habitat were forming climax by q. mongolica, and/or c. controversa, f. mandshurica, q. serrata and c. tschonoskii under altitudinal 800m were done, by g. tschonoskii. while the forest vegetation of the area was classified into 6 communities such as q. mongolica community, q. variabilis community,q. serrata community, g. tschonoskii community,c. controversa community and f. mandshurica community by means of polar ordination analysis and these have come under the influence of environmental factors.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 1988

The continuum analyses and polar ordinations were applied for the ordination of forest vegetation in Mt. Naejang, national park in Korea. In the continuum analyses the sequence of Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Lindera erythrocapa and Zelkova serrata community was arranged along the continuum gradient as in moisture gradient analyses. The positive correlation of r=0.83 between continuum index and soil moisture content was observed. In the polar ordinations ten communities of Pinus densiflora, Quercus monogolica, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus laxiflora, Daphniphyllum macropodum, carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus aliena-Carpinus tschonoskii, Torreya nucifera, Cornus controversa-Lindera erythrocarpa and Zelkova serrata were identified. However, continuous distribution pattern of ten communities mentioned above could be regarded as a vegetational continuum. The results of these ordinations also were corresponded to those of phytosociological classification.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.137-148
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• 1991

The forest vegation and their structural characteristics in mt. chokang were investgated by phytosociological survey and ordination. It was classified five forests such as quercus tschonoskii community and fraxinus mandshurica community and this result has confirmed to coincide with community ciassification by polar ordination. Chang of diversity index was shown to decase, whereas dominance index, to increase according to chang high altitude. By soil moisture gradient, distribution pattern of fraxinus mandshurica, acer mono, carpinus cordata was in moist, but quercus serrata,˘quercus variabilis and mongolica, dry habitats.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.181-194
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• 1991

Vascular plants, the structure and interrelationship of the forst vegetation in pyonsan peninsula national park were inverstigated by phytosociological, continuum analysis and ordination methods. The flora was composed of 119 families,411 genera, 609 species, 79 varieties, 10 forma or 698 taxa. Some characteristics of the plants have been represented such as ch-$D_1$-$R_5$ type in biological one, erect form in growth on. It is noticeable that lycoris aurea, carpinus tschonoskii var. eximia, corylus hallaisanensis and abeliophyllum distichun among the investigated plants delong to endemic and/or rare species. The forest vegetation was classified into seven communities: quercus variabilis, pinus densiflora, quercus serrat, platycarya, carpinus tschonoskii, quercus dentata, zelkova serrata community. and quercus variabilis, pinus densiflora and pinus rigida, were the commonest species among distributed species. In addition interrelationship between diversity and dominant indrx of quercus variabilis community was little different each other and that of accordance altitude also was not much distinguishable. Platycarya strobilacea, pinus densiflora and quercus variabilas community were distinguished different groups by polar ordination.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 1985

지리산 피아골의 식생은 식물사회학적 방법에 의해 개서나무군낙, 서나무군낙, 신갈나무군낙, 졸참나무군낙, 들메나무군낙, 철쭉-진달래 관목림으로 분류되며, DBH-class 분포에 의하면 개서나무군낙, 서나무군낙, 신갈나무군낙은 모두 안정된 극상림인 것으로 보인다. 신갈나무군낙의 종다양도는 제일 낮고 우점도는 제일 높게 나타났으며, 토양조건은 서나무군낙이 신간나무군낙에 비해 습하고 비옥한 것으로 나타났다. 서나무군낙과 신갈나무군낙의 점이대는 DBH-class 분포로 보아 현재의 900∼1,000m 에서 1,000∼l,100까지 이동할 것으로 예측된다. Polar Ordination에 의한 식생형의 분류는 식물사회학적 방법의 결과와 일치했다. 고도구배를 따라 개서나무는 500∼700m, 서나무는 700∼900m, 신갈나무는 900m이상에서 최고의 중요치를 나타낸다. Raunkiaer의 life-form spectrum을 남한의 것과 비교하면, 반지중식물은 5.3%, 지중식물은 5.2% 높게 나타났으며, 착생식물과 수중식물은 극히 적게 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.121-136
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• 1995

The forest vegetation on Mt. Ch’ongnyang was investigated for phytosociological analysis of the vegetation types and interspecific association. The forest was classified into seven vegetation units; A: Quercus Mongolica community, A-1: Group of Quercus variabilis, A-1-a: Subgroup of Pinus densiflora, A-1-b: Typical subgroup, A-2: Group of Aconitum trilobum, A-3: Group of Quercus dentata, B: Zelkova serrata communty. The group of Quercus variabilis was distributed on southeast- and southwest-facing slopes in 400~830 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 3.36~4.67％. The group of Aconitum trilobum was distributed on northeast- and northwest-facing slopes in 650~830 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 7.18％. The group of Quercus dentata was distributed on southwest-facing solpes in the vicinity of 810 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 9.7％. The Zelkova serrata community was distributed in the vicinity of ravines, and organic matter in the soil was 7.6％. The contents of Mg and Ca, and electric conductivity in the Zelkova serrata community were relatively high, 11.82 me/100mg, and 11.27 me/100mg, 102.2 μ mos/cm, respectively. In the results of polar ordination, environmental gradient of axis Ⅰ and axis Ⅱwere correlated with moisture, inclination and azimuth, respectively. Group of Quercus variabilis has occurred in xeric, group of Aconitum trilobum in submesic, and the Zelrova serrata community in mesic sites. In the meantime the interspecific association analysis based on chi-square yielded three species groupings with high positive affinity(p<0.01), i.e.group Ⅰ consisted of 18 species, including Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Ansliaea acerifolia, Aconitum trilobum and group Ⅲ consisted of 19 species, in cluding Zelrova serrata, Oplismenus undulatifolius, Acer truncatum var. barbinerve, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제5권2_3호
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• pp.132-135
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• 1982

Structure and dynamics of the phytoplankton communities of Uiam lake, Korea, was investigated. In the Uiam lake four dominant species were found Oscillatoria limosa at Chuncheon City side, O. tenuis at Soyang river side, Melosira italica at south-east side and Asterionella gracillima at west side of the lake. By cluster analysis, based on the similarity index and dissimilarity index, the phytoplanktons in this lake were grouped into three communities; i.e. Oscillatoria, Melosira and Asterionella community. And also the same groups obtained by the cluster analysis were recognized by polar ordination technique along polluted degree gradient. It is clear that oscillatoria community occur in polluted site, Asterionella community in unpolluted site and Melosira community in less polluted site.