• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2010

목적: Poland 증후군은 1841년 Alfred Poland에 의하여 처음 기술된 편측의 대흉근 결손과 동측 상지의 합지증 또는 단지증을 특징으로 하는 매우 드문 질환으로 알려져 있다. 대상 및 방법: 우측 전흉부의 비대칭으로 내원한 18세 남자 환자에 대해 이학적, 혈액학적, 방사선학적 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 검사 결과 우측 대흉근의 결손과 우수의 단지증 소견을 보여 Poland 증후군으로 진단하였다. 결론: 저자들은 대흉근 건의 파열을 의심하였으나 우측 대흉근의 결손과 우수의 단지증의 소견을 보여 Poland 증후군 진단된 1예를 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.423-427
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• 1985

The Poland`s syndrome is very rare anomaly, which consists of congenital unilateral absence of the sternocostal part of the pectoralis major muscle, with ipsilateral hand deformities. The clinical features are variable but all patients have absence of at least the sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle. The syndrome is not hereditary and is of unknown origin. Early recognition of Poland`s syndrome may give the provision of psychologic and genetic counseling for anxious parents. We have encountered two patients with this entity, and one of them underwent successful surgical correction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.321-324
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• 1992

Poland`s syndrome is very rare anomaly and typified by absence of the pectoralis major, absence or hypoplasia of the pectoralisminor, absence of costal cartilage, hypoplasia of breast and subcutaneous tissue, and brachysyndactyly. The clinical features are variable but all patients have absence of at least the sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle. The syndrome is not hereditary and is of unknown origin. Early recognition of Poland`s syndrome may give the provision of psychologic and genetic counselling for anxious parents. We have encountered a patient with this entity, and underwent successful correction.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.1388-1391
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• 2009

Poland 증후군은 일측 대흉근의 부재나 저형성과 다양한 동측 손기형을 특징으로 한다. Mobius 증후군은 완전 혹은 불완전의 안면마비를 특징으로 하는 선천적 신경학적 이상을 말한다. 이들의 병인은 명확히 밝혀지지 않았지만, 이환된 측의 혈류가 감소됨으로서 발생된다 여겨지고 있다. 2.670 g 남자아이가 38주 3일에 왼쪽 안면마비와 우심증이 동반된 왼쪽 흉벽 결손에 2번째, 3번째 손가락 합지증을 가지고 태어났다. Poland-Mobius 증후군은 드물며, 세계적으로 우심증과 관련된 증례는 단지 2례 밖에 없었다. 이에 우리는 우심증이 동반된 Poland-Mobius 증후군의 국내 첫 증례를 보고하는 바이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2010

Purpose: Poland's syndrome encompasses a constellation of congenital chest wall, breast, and upper extremity deformities. We would like to present several techniques, which may be combined if necessary, used to treat the forms involving both the breast and chest wall according to the degree of deformity. Methods: In a retrospective series of 9 patients (3 men and 6 women), we report our experience with reconstructing breast and chest contour deformities associated with Poland syndrome. We recorded their age, gender, the surgical techniques, and the grade in Poland's syndrome according to the classification of Foucras. Results: The breast and chest wall deformities associated with Poland syndrome can be treated in individualized fashion according to the classification of Foucras. In case of 3 male patients with gradeI, II, the latissimus dorsi muscle pedicled flap improved the chest contour deformity. 3 female patients with grade II underwent the latissimus dorsi muscle pedicled flap with breast implant. 2 female patients with gradeIunderwent breast reconstruction with breast implant and fat injection each other. One female patient with severe chest wall deformity (grade III) underwent breast reconstruction using the free TRAM flap. All patients were satisfied with the results without specific complications. Conclusion: The Individualized correction for this syndrome according to the degree of patient's deformity and preference made the overall satisfaction of the patients high.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.373-377
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• 2022

Currently, robot-assisted latissimus dorsi muscle flap (RLDF) surgery is used in treating patients with Poland syndrome and for breast reconstruction. However, conventional RLDF surgery has several inherent issues. We resolved the existing problems of the conventional system by introducing the da Vinci single-port system in patients with Poland syndrome. Overall, three patients underwent RLDF surgery using the da Vinci single-port system with gas insufflation. In the female patient, after performing RLDF with silicone implant, augmentation mammoplasty was also performed on the contralateral side. Both surgeries were performed as single-port robotic-assisted surgery through the transaxillary approach. The mean operating time was 449 (335-480) minutes; 8.67 (4-14) minutes were required for docking and 59 (52-67) minutes for robotic dissection and LD harvesting. No patients had perioperative complication and postoperative problems related to gas inflation. The single-port robot-assisted surgical system overcomes the drawbacks of previous robotic surgery in patients with Poland syndrome, significantly shortens the procedure time of robotic surgery, has superior cosmetic outcomes in a surgical scar, and improves the operator's convenience. Furthermore, concurrent application to another surgery demonstrates the possibility in the broad application of the robotic single-port surgical system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.915-918
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• 1998

Poland씨 증후군과 관련된 흉벽기형은 매우 드문 질환으로 선천적으로 대흉근의 흉골부 결손과 한쪽 상지의 다양한 기형을 동반한다. 또한 Poland씨 증후군의 다른 임상적 특징은 유방과 유두의 결손 및 저형성, 피하 지방과 액모의 결손, 늑연골 및 늑골전면부의 이상을 포함한다. 그 기원은 확실하지 않으나 유전과는 관계 가 없는 것으로 알려져 있다. Poland씨 증후군은 심한 정신적인 그리고 신체적인 문제를 일으킬 수 있으며 초기 발견 및 수술적 교정이 이득이 될 것으로 생각된다. 본원은 Poland씨 증후군으로 진단된 37세 남자환자를 성공적으로 수술치험하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2007

Purpose: As a rare congenital anomaly, Poland's syndrome has been known to show hypoplasia in breast and nipple, absence of pectoralis major muscle, and aplasia or deformity of rib or costal cartilage which has been reported to be more common in male. However, most patients who are seeking operation are female patients having one-side deformity. In the field of plastic surgery, the major surgical indications could be asymmetric chest wall depression in man or breast hypoplasia in woman. There are many reconstruction options according to the degree of patient's deformity: a prosthetic implant, breast implant with or without tissue expander, latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous pedicled flap with or without implant and/or tissue expander, and free tissue transfer with or without tissue expander. Methods: The authors have treated 4 patients(2 male, 2 female) who had a diagnosis of Poland's syndrome. According to the degree of patient's deformity, all patients underwent correction of breast asymmetry and unilateral anterior thoracic hypoplasia with one-staged or two-staged reconstruction. Results: All patents were satisfied with the results and there occurred no specific complications. Conclusion: The authors propose the treatment plan for patient with Poland's syndrome, according to the degree of patient's deformity. In case of male patient with mild deformity, the prosthetic implant or latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous pedicled flap will simulate the missing pectoralis and improve the contour deformity. In case of female patient with moderate to severe breast asymmetry and upward displaced nipple areolar complex (NAC), NAC can be lowered with tissue expander, breast can be enlarged with autologous free flaps or latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous pedicled flap with implant.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.60-62
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• 1981

The Poland`s syndrome is very rare anomaly, which consists of congenital unilateral absence of the sternocostal pert of the pectoralis major muscle, with ipsilateral hand deformities. The clinical features are variable but all patients have absence of at least the sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle. The syndrome is not hereditary and is of unknown origin. Early recognition of Poland`s syndrome may give the provision of psychological and genetic counseling for anxious parents. We have encountered a patient with this entity, who showed striking paradoxical movement of the left anterior Ghest wall and recurrent pneumonia, and underwent successful surgical correction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.161-170
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• 1987

Fifty-nine cases of congenital chest wall defects experienced in the department of thoracic surgery of Seoul National University Hospital were analyzed and the relevant literatures were reviewed. They are 52 cases of funnel chest, 3 cases of pigeon breast, one case of superior sternal fissure, one case of costochondral incurvation, one case of Cantrell`s pentalogy, and one case of Poland`s syndrome. Funnel chest affected males more frequently than females by 44 to 8. All of the funnel deformities were corrected by Ravitch operation or its modification except one which was the first case of this series and was corrected by a sterno-turnover. Two cases required a mechanical ventilation for 3 days and 5 days respectively. Four minor complications which were two cases of skin wound infection and 2 cases of fluid accumulation were noted. Skin would infection was repaired by a secondary closure and fluid accumulation was treated by aspiration only. The result are all excellent without recurrence or reoperation. In 3 cases of pigeon breast, they were treated by subperichondrial resection of all of the involved costal cartilages and shortening their course with reefing sutures in the perichondrium with excellent result. The superior sternal fissure which was combined by a ventricular septal defect was treated by a simple wire closure with a good result. The costochondral incurvation was corrected by subperichondrial resection of deformed cartilages and a rib graft removed from the contralateral normal side. The Poland syndrome and the Cantrell`s pentalogy was already presented previously.