• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.329-341
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• 2016

Pohang is a well-known industrial city in Korea with a large steel-industrial complexes. The biggest environmental issue in the city is associated with fine particulate matter (hereinafter, $PM_{10}$). The concentration of $PM_{10}$ is generally dependent on the local emission sources and meteorological conditions. Iron and steel industrial complexes are likely serious pollution sources of $PM_{10}$ in Pohang. In this study, daily $PM_{10}$ data from a large database from the year of 2000 to 2012 were statistically analyzed, together with meteorological data. The average concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were evaluated according to the frequency of Asian dust, haze, mist, and fog. The number of days exceeding short-term standard for $PM_{10}$ were also examined, taking into consideration of weather conditions. It was found that the concentration of $PM_{10}$ was reduced about 18% to 26% because of precipitation. In addition, the effects of wind direction and wind speed on the $PM_{10}$ concentrations were investigated.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.615-622
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the village groves in Pohang city by classifying them into 5 categories: sage plantation, shelter-belt plantation, shore plantation, ornamental plantation and bower plantation. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; The village groves in Pohang city consist of 16 sage plantations ($128,682m^2$), 14 shelter-belt plantations ($807,755 m^2$), 17 shore plantations ($447,616m^2$), 10 ornamental plantations ($141,276m^2$) and 6 bower plantations ($79,075 m^2$). Namely, the ratio of shore plantations is highest (n=17) in terms of number, while that of shelter-belt plantations is highest (50.3%) in terms of area. On the other hand, Pinus Thunbergii account for the absolute majority (n=55,239, 74.1 %) of the trees, followed by pine trees (n=18,017, 24.2%). Both species are combined to account for 98.3% of the entire trees, which means that the plantations are simple in terms of tree species When the village groves were compared in terms of functional age, sage plantations are oldest or aged 143 years, followed by bower plantations (aged 137), ornamental plantations (aged 118), shore plantations (aged 92) and shelter-belt plantations (aged 88).

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2007

This study considers the characteristics of nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), ozone ($NO_3$) and sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) in three cities of Daegu-Gyeongbuk Area (Daegu, Pohang, and Gumi), which have different city or industrial characteristics, over a time period of 2 years. The diurnal, weekly, monthly and seasonal concentration variations of criteria air pollutants were attributed to compounds or city types. However, the seasonal variations of $O_3$ concentrations were dependent on compounds, but not on city types. Lower $O_3$ concentrations were observed in July when comparing with other summer months. For $SO_2$ and $NO_2$, the concentrations were higher in Daegu when compared to Pohang and Gumi, while the concentrations of $O_3$ were higher in Pohang and Gumi. $SO_2$ exhibited higher levels in the morning hours, while $O_3\;and\;NO_2$ exhibited higher levels in the afternoon hours for all cities. For $O_3$, the concentrations observed during Sunday were higher than those of other week or weekend days. Furthermore, the monthly and seasonal concentration variations of air pollutants depended on compounds or city types. It if noteworthy that the current monthly and seasonal variations were consistent with several prey ious studies.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 1992

The gravity measurement has been conducted at 53 and 34 stations with an interval of 1~1.5 km along the national roads of about 47 km and 34 km running from Duksungri to Yangpori and from Angangri to Byungpori, Kyungsangbookdo, respectively. The subsurface geology and geologic structure of Tertiary Pohang and Janggi basins along two survey lines are interpreted quantitatively by applying Fourier series and Talwani methods for Bouguer gravity anomaly. The depths of Conrad discontinuity vary from 11.8 to 12.5 km and 11.5 to 13.2 km along the survey lines between Duksungri and Yangpori, and Angangri and Byungpori, respectively. The depths of pre-Cambrian Gneiss complex underneath Kyungsang Supergroup vary from 3.8 to 4.2 km and 3.8 to 4.6 km along the survey lines between Duksungri and Yangpori, and Angangri and Byungpori, respectively. Massive granite bodies which are not exposed along the survey line between Duksungri and Yangpori are distributed on a large scale at the subsurface between Duksungri and Ochun, and Daegokri and Yangpori. Along the survey line between Angangri and Byungpori, it is exposed at Angangri, and extends underneath Chungrimdong, Pohang city. Andesite is distributed on a small scale underneath Pohang city and Ochun. The thicknesses of Tertiary Yonil and Janggi Groups are 0.2~0.9 km and 0.1~0.5 km, respectively. The Tuffaceous rocks which are the lowest formation of Tertiary sedimentary rocks are distributed with the thickness of 0.2 km at the surface and between Kyungsang Supergroup and Yonil or Janggi Groups. The Yonil and Janggi Groups are in fault contact by a fault running through Ochun and Chungrimdong, Pohang city. Two other faults are newly found near Heunghae-eup and Hyungsan river.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 1999

This study analyzed the relationship between NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and urban heat island in three cities: Daegu, Kyungju, and Pohang for understanding the degree of nature conservation concentrating in the transition zone of them. Daegu city is the third city in Korea which has a dense population. Kyungju is a traditional city which has good nature. Pohang is an industrial city which has those of characters of Daegu and Kyungju. Landsat 1M data in May 17, 1997 were used for the analysis of heat island. There were about four theoretical models to estimate the surface temperature from TM data: Two-point linear model, Linear regression model, Quadratic regression model, and Cubic regression model. In this study, Linear regression model had been utilized to analyze the urban heat island. On the resultant images, the transition zone of Daegu was urbanized more extremely than those of other two cities. It is thought that the analysis of relationship between NDVI and surface temperature, used in this study, is regarded as one of effective methodologies for urban-environmental detection from satellite imageries.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.649-655
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• 2021

This study purposes to cross-validate its performance by applying the optimal seismic vulnerability assessment model based on previous studies conducted in Gyeongju to other regions. The test area was Pohang City, the occurrence site for the 2017 Pohang Earthquake, and the dataset was built the same influencing factors and earthquake-damaged buildings as in the previous studies. The validation dataset was built via random sampling, and the prediction accuracy was derived by applying it to a model based on a random forest (RF) of Gyeongju. The accuracy of the model success and prediction in Gyeongju was 100% and 94.9%, respectively, and as a result of confirming the prediction accuracy by applying the Pohang validation dataset, it appeared as 70.4%.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

This work aimed to analyze current status of by-products generation and industrial symbiosis network in Pohang steel industrial complex, South Korea. Pohang is the largest generating city of both total and the non-recycled industrial waste in Gyeongsangbuk-do, and most of the waste is generated from Pohang steel industrial park. Symbiosis map in Pohang steel industrial park shows that most of the current material symbiosis in the industrial park is for waste refractories and slag.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.319-327
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of thermal radiation environments on human thermal comfort, depending on different canyon types and surface materials on the human thermal comfort in a housing complex in Pohang city, Korea. For this purpose, the operative temperature and new effective temperature were calculated based on the modified mean radiant temperature of canyon models variated by the existence of direct radiation existence, surface materials, and the width and length of the street spaces in a housing complex. These indices for the canyon have been calculated from the meteorological data of Pohang city, which include air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, global solar radiation and cloud. And the monthly averages of these climate factors measured at noon have been used. The results are as follows: (1) It is revealed that the short-wave radiosity reached the human body is affected by direct solar radiation and surface materials, and the long-wave radiosity by canyon types. (2) The existence of direct solar radiation, the kinds of surface materials and canyon types affect operative temperature($OT_n$) and new effective temperature($ET^*{_n}$). (3) The analysis of the human heat balance in the canyon indicates that the influence of radiation on human body is marc likely to be affected by the existence of direct solar radiation on human model.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.152-163
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• 2000

Floating resin pellets including plastics were surveyed from 7 coastal beaches near Young-il Bay during summer and winter season on 1998 ~ 2000 year. Plastic fabrication materials in the survey were founded with 6 items using the following; resin pellets, plastic debris, styrofoams, cigar filters, wood pieces and charcoals. The results deduced in the areas are as follows: 1. The seasonal variability of the all debris is revealed that summer season were remarkably larger than those of winter. This is deduced it is attributed to meteorological effects, e.g, the seasonal wind strength, current vectors and resorts of crowded people for beach enjoy. And the distribution of plastic debris is Pohang Songdo $12.9ea/m^2$, Pohang Bookbu $8.8ea/m^2$, Togoo $4.9ea/m^2$, Chilpo $3.2ea/m^2$, Hwajin $1.4ea/m^2$, Wolpo and Guryongpo $0.8ea/m^2$ respectively. 2. Compared with each beaches, Songdo beach, northern part beach of Pohang city and Togoo beach have higher densities than those of the others. Especially, the highest densities of all debris were discovered in the Songdo beach of Pohang city. 3. The change of density over the whole year was similarly distributed in quantities and fabrication materials. 4. These surveys were founded that the most parts of plastic debris materials were made up with PE and PP.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.621-628
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• 2021

The characteristics of time changes in air temperature, DI (discomfort index) and WBGT (wet-bulb globe temperature) were investigated for inland city (daegu) and coastal city (pohang) of Gyeongbuk Province during the 2018 consecutive heat wave season. The time when the temperature dropped below 33℃ was around 19h in both regions. As such, the two regions were similar with respect to the time up to which the heatwave warning levels continued. However, the discomfort index (DI) was higher than 27 in Pohang. Most people feel unpleasant when an discomfort index of 27 or higher appears. The results indicated that Korea's night-time thermal environment during the summers is particularly poor in the southern coastal areas. WBGT began at 09:00 and lasted until 21:00, with a score of 31 or higher; this score, in principle, corresponded with the duration of outdoor activity in both regions. Therefore, it was found that outdoor work was at a level where all day long had to be stopped in both areas during the heat wave. Although time changes in temperature and WBGT were similar in both regions, Discomfort Index (DI) differed significantly. The difference refers to the fact that Pohang is strongly affected by the high heat capacity effect and the supply of water vapor from the sea.