• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.266-287
• /
• 2004

The non infecting, plant associated bacteria have attracted increased attention for stimulating plant growth and as environmental friendly plant protecting agents. Pink-pigmented facultatively methylotrophic bacteria (PPFMs), classified as Methylobacterium spp., are persistent colonizers of plant leaf surfaces. As the leaves of most or all plants harbor PPFMs that utilize leaf methanol as their sole source of carbon and energy, which is a specific attribute of the genus Methylobacterium. Although they are not well known, these bacteria are co-evolved, interacting partners in plant metabolism. This claim is supported, for example, by the following observations: (1) PPFMs are seed-transmitted, (2) PPFMs are frequently found in putatively axenic cell cultures, (3) Low numbers of seed-borne PPFMs correlate with low germinability, (4) Plants with reduced numbers of PPFM show elevated shoot/root ratios, (5) Foliar application of PPFMs to soybean during pod fill enhances seed set and yield, (6) Liverwort tissue in culture requires PPFM-produced vitamin B12 for growth, (7) treated plants to suppress or decrease disease incidence of sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani in rice, and (8) the PPFM inoculation induced number of stomata, chlorophyll concentration and malic acid content, they led to increased photosynthetic activity. Methylobacterium spp. are bacterial symbionts of plants, shown previously to participate in plant metabolism by consuming plant waste products and producing metabolites useful to the plant. There are reports that inform about the beneficial interactions between this group of bacteria and plants. Screening of such kind of bacteria having immense plant growth promoting activities like nitrogen fixation, phytohormone production, alleviating water stress to the plants can be successfully isolated and characterized and integration of such kind of organism in crop production will lead to increased productivity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 1992

The growth of weeds and some other plants has been considered to be inhibited by sicklepod(Cassia tora L.) sharing the habitat. The study was conducted, for the first time, to propose that this phenomenon is not only due to competition for physical and nutritional conditions but also due to allelopathy. In addition, autotoxicity of sicklepod was examined. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Rice sheath length reduced progressively from 18 % to 36 % with increasing the concentration of treating aqueous extracts of sickle pod seeds, but rice germination was not affected. In contrast, radish hypocotyl length was not reduced by the aqueous extract treatment but radish germination was significantly reduced by 66 % at 1 : 10 and 1 : 5 treatment. 2. Total chlorophyll contents in rice seedling decreased from 50 % to 65 % by treatment of seed aqueous extracts diluted from 1 : 50 to 1 : 5 ratio. 3. Aqueous extracts of sicklepod leaves significantly reduced hypocotyl length and fresh weight in radish and germination in rice, but mung bean was slightly affected by aqueous extracts only in fresh weight. 4. Volatiles from fresh, immature seeds with husk reduced the radish germination and seedling growth and radish root growth appeared to be more sensitive to the exposure to volatiles from fresh immature seeds than both germination and hypocotyl growth. 5. Volatiles from sickepod leaves inhibited germination and growth of radish, rice and mung bean, and seedling growth was more sensitive to volatiles from leaves than germination. 6. Volatiles from sicklepod leaves reduced germination and radicle length of sicklepod itself. 7. Collectively, it is concluded that there are water-soluble and volatile substances responsible for allelopathy in sicklepod.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2005

The first step in the commissioning procedure of a treatment planning system is always verification of the basic beam data. In this work, we have measured POD curves and beam profiles between 1 $\times$ 1 cm$^{2}$ and 40 $\times$ 40 cm$^{2}$ . In an attempt, Pinnacle 7.4f detect discrepancies between predicted dose distribution and delivered dose distribution. The discrepancies between measurement data and caculation data was found. The delivered dose was underestimated in field but overestimated out of field. The D$_{max}$ depth of 1 $\times$ 1 cm$^{2}$ was reduced about 2 mm. For the larger field size ($\geq$4$\times$4 cm$^{2}$, the beam profile and PDD curve showed good agreement between measurement data and calculation data.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.304-314
• /
• 2001

Major purposes of this study were to investigate the administration patterns of analgesics and sedatives in SICU and to identify the factors influencing the use of prn analgesics and sedatives by ICU nurses. The sample of this descriptive study was 50 adult patients in SICU and 53 ICU nurses. Patient's medical records were reviewed to investigate names, doses, the routes of administration, the interval of administration, and the type of prescription of sedatives and analgesics administered. Study medications were narcotics, hypnotics, and antipsychotics. To identify the factors influencing the use of prn analgesics and sedatives, 53 ICU nurses checked 9 items, and rank them from first to fifth. The selection of items was based on the previous studies and the experience of the investigator. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The mean age of the subjects was 53 years, 24 patients out of 50 subjects had received mechanical ventilation therapy. Most of the patients received neurosurgeries and abdominal surgeries. 2. For 4 days, 13 total study medications and combination of these were administered to the patients. Commonly prescribed drugs were Ketoprofen and Midazolam. Twenty six to fourty two percent of the patients did not receive any drugs for at least one day during the four days. 3. On the average, the study drugs were administerd 1.4 to 2.6 times per day during 4 days. 4. More than 50 percent of the prescription was as-needed (prn) except those of the POD 3. Fourteen percent of the patients did not have any prescription for sedation and pain control after surgery. 5. Examination of the frequency of sedatives and analgesics bolus administration revealed that a greater number of doses were given during daytime (from 7 am. to 7 pm.) than nighttime (from 7 pm. to 7 am.). The difference was significant at Alpha, .05. 6. First factor that most influenced nurses to administer sedatives and analgesics for intubated patients was the evaluation of patient's vital signs (51%). For non- intubated patients, the factors that nurses considered important were the patients' complaints of pain (64%) and evaluations of patients' vital signs (23%). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that patients in SICU might not receive enough analgesics and sedatives to feel completely free from pain during the post operational period. Future study should be focused on the evaluation of the adequacy of current practice for pain and anxiety control in terms of the SICU patient's response.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.340-347
• /
• 1996

Soybean [Glycjne max Merr. L.] variety 'Danyeobkong' was inoculated with soybean mosaic virus SMV-G5H strain in field and green house at Crop Experiment Station in 1995. The effects of this virus strain on plant characteristics and seed chemical composition of the soybean variety Danyeobkong were evaluated. Yield, the number of pod and 100 seed weight were significantly reduced by SMV-G5H strain infection. Inoculation of SMV-G5H strain of soybean mosaic virus caused the increment of seed protein content and the decrement of seed oil content in the soybean variety Danyeobkong. Changing pattern of fatty acid composition by SMV-G5H strain infection was varied according to the experimental place. In field trial, the percentage of linoleic and linolenic acids decreased and stearic and oleic acids increased in the seed oil from virus infected plants. In green house trial, however, linolenic and oleic acids were increased, whereas palmitic and linoleic acids were reduced.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.12
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 1972

This study has been conducted to estimate the proper amount of phosphatic fertilizer required to increase-yield in growing soybeans on newly reclaimed-sterile land which is short of phosphatic fertilizer. IKSAN, the variety chosen for this study, was planted, using the plant spacing $60cm{\times}30cm$. Phosphatic fertilizer was applied in 4 levels in none, standard, double, and triple amount. and at the same time, nitrogen and postassium were applied only in standard amount. Randomized block design was applied in arranging the experimental plots. A series of results acquired are summarized as follows. 1. The fact was recognized that only the standard amount of phosphatic fertilizer is effective for increasing the pod numbers and the soybean yield per l0a. 2. The difference in stem length and stem diameter was very remarkable even among individual plants in the same plot, Throughout all four of the plots there were difference in stem length and stem diameter. That is to say, any invariable tendency on them due to the amount of phosphatic fertilizer applied could not be observed at all. 3. It was recognized that amount of phosphatic fertilizer applied did not have a considerable influence upon the weight of the seeds and the number of seeds contained in 0.l8ι. 4. It was observed that the weight of 1000 seeds was strikingly increased as far as double the amount phosphatic fertilizer.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2002

Oxidative stress derived from reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the major damaging factors in plants exposed to environmental stress. In order to develop the platform technology to solve the global food and environmental problems in the 21st century, we focus on the understanding of the antioxidative mechanism in plant cells, the development of oxidative stress-inducible antioxidant genes, and the development of transgenic plants with enhanced tolerance to stress. In this report, we describe our recent results on industrial transgenic plants by the gene manipulation of antioxidant enzymes. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in chloroplasts were developed and were evaluated their protection effects against stresses, suggesting that simultaneous overexpression of both SOD and APX in chloroplasts has synergistic effects to overcome the oxidative stress under unfavorable environments. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a human dehydroascorbate reductase gene in chloroplasts were showed the protection against the oxidative stress in plants. Transgenic cucumber plants expressing high level of SOD in fruits were successfully generated to use the functional cosmetic purpose as a plant bioreactor. In addition, we developed a strong oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase promoter, SWPA2 from sweetpotato (lpomoea batatas). We anticipate that SWPA2 promoter will be biotechnologically useful for the development of transgenic plants with enhanced tolerance to environmental stress and particularly transgenic cell lines engineered to produce key pharmaceutical proteins.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 1996

Greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the specifics in growth, weed competition, and herbicide response of soybean(Glycine max) under foggy condition. Plant height and leaf stage of soybean under foggy condition were greatly increased through all growing stage comparing with non-foggy condition. At 100 days after seeding, plant height of soybean also was increased by 14％ while number of pods, number of grains per pod were reduced by 16, 24 and 23％, respectively comparing with non-foggy condition. On the other hand, plant height of soybean under foggy condition was reduced with increasing the duration of competition and this tendency was similar to non-foggy condition. Plant height was reduced by above 50-day competition. Number of pods per plant of soybean was reduced regardless of foggy condition. Among the herbicides treated, quizalofop caused slightly crop injury under foggy condition, but the other herbicides did not affect growth of soybean. Number of pods and 100-grain weight of soybean by treatment of herbicides were similar to that of the untreated control but those of soybean under foggy condition were significantly reduced. At 40 days after herbicide application, weeding efficacy (based on shoot fresh weight) of herbicides treated under foggy and non-foggy condition, released exellent data(above than 97％) in all regardless foggy condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.424-439
• /
• 1990

The protein content of seed meal were examined to evaluate genotypes of higher protein content from 164 peanut germplasms. The variations in amino acids content were investigated from nine Korean leading varieties grown at five locations. Amino acids contents of protein fractions were also ana lysed in the present study, too. The results of the study were summarized as fallows. The seed protein of 164 peanut varieties averaged 24.5% ranging from 19.5% to 28.7%, showed 9.2% varietal variation in proteins. Differences were not observed in protein content between plant types, however, protein contents were higher in small-seeded than large seeded varieties. The differences were more greater particulaly in Spanish type varieties. The varieties introduced from Taiwan and Philippine showed higher protein contents, and the cultivars or lines bred in Korea and introduced from Japan were lower in protein contents. protein contents showed non-significantly negative correlations with 100-kernel weight and pod weight per plant, but positive correlations were observed between oil and protein content in all types of peanuts. Significant differences among the varieties and locations were observed for total, essential and non-essential amino acids contents, and aspartic acid. Locational differences for arginine, lysine, methionine, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine and tyrosine, and varietal difference for phenylalanene were revealed as significant. The limiting amino acids from the leading varieties were isoleucine, methionine, threonine, alanine and tyrosine, comparing with FAO recommanding levels of amino acids. Among the protein fractions prolamins was the highest in total amino acids, but essential amino acids was the highest in globulins

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2009

Mungbean should be harvested several times according to its physiological characteristics and weather conditions of cultivation region. In Korea, mungbean is usually sown in June and harvested three or four times, and the cultivated area is being rapidly reduced. Therefore, the author developed cultivation techniques of mechanical harvesting suitable for the weather conditions of the southern part of the Korean peninsula. The optimum sowing time of mungbean for mechanical harvesting in southern part of Korea is around July 20. When sown around July 15, mungbean should be harvested twice and then the mechanical harvesting of mungbean was not possible. Meanwhile, when sown after July 25, the mechanical harvesting was possible but the maturing period was longer and the seed yield was decreased. Therefore, it is safe to say that in Korea the mechanical harvesting of mungbean is possible for the middle part of Korea when the plant is sown before July 20 and for the southern coastal region of Korea when sown after July 20 (if July 20 is set up as the baseline for the southern part of Korea). Out of Keumseong and Owool, which are popularized cultivars in Korea most, Owool is determined to be most appropriate for mechanical harvesting. Owool is favorable for mechanical harvesting because, when compared to Keumseong, it is higher both in plant height and in pod height, and also the seed yield is better.