• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2004

This study was conducted in a commercial plug glasshouse in Sacheon to examine the possibility of producing tomato plug seedlings using various growing media containing cellular glass foam (CGF)and carbonized chestnut woodchips (CCW) as medium components. Plug seedlings of 'Seogun' tomato were grown in media containing 50% CCW＋50% peatmoss, 33% CGF＋67% peatmoss, and 50% peatmoss＋50% granular rockwool. A commercial plug medium (Tosilee) was used as the control. All seeds were sown in 200 cell plug trays on November 28, 2001. Seedling growth was measured at 31 days after sowing. Each treatment showed a similar growth result as compared to the control. Plant height, root grade, fresh weight, and air space and bulk density of the medium were significantly greater in the 33% CGF＋67% peatmoss treatment than those in the other media. However, growth was slightly suppressed in the 50% CCW＋50% peatmoss. pH and EC of the media were the highest in the control treatment, although no toxicity symptoms had been observed. The results suggest that perlite can be replaced with a new material such as CGF in the commercial scale production of plug seedlings of 'Seogun' tomato.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2007

The experiment has investigated the effects of blending rate of waste rockwool in nursery media on growth of Marygold 'Yellow boy' plug seedlings. A commercial plug medium containing 10% zeolite, 10% vermiculite, 5% perlite, 10% peatmoss and 65% cocopeat was used as the control, and the other media compounded with 10% of zeolite, vermiculite, perlite and peatmoss and 10, 30, and 50% of waste rock-wool. There was not significant difference in germination rate ot Marygold between treatments. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and leaf area were higher in commercial plug medium and compound nursery media containing 50% of waste rockwool than 30 or 10% of waste rockwool. Fresh weight and dry weight of shoot and root increased in the treatment of commercial plug medium and the medium of 50% waste rockwool than 10 and 30% of waste rockwool. These results suggested the possibility of utilization of waste rockwool for medium components of plug seedlings.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2002

A prototype of closed-type transplant production system(CTTPS) with fully environmental control was developed to produce massively quality transplants. Four photosynthetic photon flux(PPF) levels of 200,300,400 and 500$\mu$mol . m$^{-2}$ .s$^{-1}$ , four photoperiod levels of 1816 h,12/12h, 9/15 h and 6/18 h were provided to analyze the growth and development of cucumber plug seedlings(Cucumis sativus L., cv. Kyuewosalichungiang) as affected by PPF and photoperiod in a CTTPS. Effect of photoperiod on the growth and development of cucumber plug seedlings produced in a CTTPS was higher than PPF, Stem diameters dry weight of shoot and roots number of leaves, leaf with and length, and SPAD value of cucumber plug seedlings produced in a CTTPS were significantly high as compared to the control. But stem length of plug seedlings produced in a CTTPS was shorter than those of the control. Growth characteristics of cucumber plug seedlings raised at photoperiod of 6/18 h and PPF of 200$\mu$mol . m$^{-2}$ .s$^{-1}$ were similar to the those of the control. These results suggest that cucumber quality transplant can be produced at relatively short photoperiod and low PPF, It means that the electric energy consumed for the production of cucumber plug seedlings in a CTTPS can be saved.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.392-399
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• 2007

This study was carried out to assess optimum conditions of peatmoss-based substrates for red pepper plug seedlings. Peatmoss-based substrates prepared by mixing of peatmoss with vermiculite, perlite, rice hull and zeolite at various mixing ratios were used for growing pepper plug seedlings. The physical and chemical properties of the peatmoss substrate were analyzed by the CEN(European committee for standardization) method. Fresh and dry weights (shoot, root), leaf area, root length and T/R ratio (dry shoot weight/dry root weight) were determined at 55 days after sowing. The results showed that the growing media PVSZ 6 (peatmoss:silver vermiculite: zeolite=6:3.9:0.1) and PVGZ 6 (peatmoss:gold vermiculite: zeolite=6:3.9:0.1) can successfully be used for red pepper plug seedlings judging from dry weight and T/R ratio of the plug seedlings. The optimal ranges of total pore space, water volume, air volume, easily available water content and water buffering capacity of the peatmoss based growing media for pepper plug seedlings were 87~93%, 52~71%, 20~41%, 10~37% and 0.6~10%, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2019

This study was conducted to estimate the dimensions of horticultural products and the mean plant height of plug seedlings using three-dimensional (3D) images. Two types of camera, a ToF camera and a stereo-vision camera, were used to acquire 3D images for horticultural products and plug seedlings. The errors calculated from the ToF images for dimensions of horticultural products and mean height of plug seedlings were lower than those predicted from stereo-vision images. A new indicator was defined for determining the mean plant height of plug seedlings. Except for watermelon with tap, the errors of circumference and height of horticultural products were 0.0-3.0% and 0.0-4.7%, respectively. Also, the error of mean plant height for plug seedlings was 0.0-5.5%. The results revealed that 3D images can be utilized to estimate accurately the dimensions of horticultural products and the plant height of plug seedlings. Moreover, our method is potentially applicable for segmenting objects and for removing outliers from the point cloud data based on the 3D images of horticultural crops.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.945-956
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• 2021

The effective growth of pepper seedlings relies on the growing period and tray used, which both aim to minimize seedling damage during the transplantation process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of red and green pepper seedling growth in plug and cylindrical paper pot (CPP) trays with different growth periods of the seedlings. Two different seedling growth trays were used for the two varieties of pepper seedlings in the same growing media. The pepper seedling growth rates were investigated at 15, 30, and 45 days for each of variety. Important parameters, e.g., the plant height, fresh weight for the plant and root, number of leaves, leaf length and width, and leaf chlorophyll contents, were measured. During the experiment, the CPP tray maintained uniform seedling growth as compared to the plug tray. CPP trays ensured the height of the seedling, with these results 0.84 to 1.6 times higher than those of the plug tray for all conditions, indicating the good quality of the pepper seedlings. The shoot and root weights were found to be greater with more leaves in the CPP tray seedlings for 45 days compared to the seedlings grown in the plug tray, whereas the green pepper variety showed a greater leaf ratio than the red pepper seedlings. The analysis of pepper seedling growth presented in this study will guide the selection of suitable growth trays and seedling periods for farmers when they undertake automatic pepper transplantation in the field.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

This study was conducted to compare the physicochemical properties of newly developed artificial medium and conventional plug medium and to investigate the proper irrigation interval to produce the high quality tomato seedlings. The five existing artificial media (organic medium coir, mixed medium Tosilee and Q plug, and inorganic medium LC and rockwool) and four newly developed artificial medium (mixed medium TP-S1 and inorganic medium PU 14-S1, PU-7B, and PU 15-S1) were used to grow tomato 'Yegwang' with irrigation interval of one-day (14 times), two-day (7 times), and three-day (5 times) for 14 days. The pH was the significantly highest in the PU 15-S1. All growing medium measured were in the range of pH 5.17-6.90. EC was the highest in the Q plug. The initial germination rate was the highest in the PU 15-S1. The final germination rate and mean daily germination were not significantly different in all growing medium except for the PU 14-S1. Growth of tomato seedlings at 15 days after sowing was the greatest in the Q plug. At 29 days after sowing, seedlings were also the greatest in the Q plug, followed by rockwool and PU-7B. Also, growth was better in the one-day interval treatment. As a result, we confirmed the applicability of the artificial medium to tomato plug seedlings in this experiment, and seedlings were the greatest in the Q plug. Therefor, it is considered that adding nutrients to the artificial medium of the newly developed medium PU-7B, and applying the irrigation one-day interval can produces high quality tomato seedlings similar to using Q plug.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.223-227
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to find the sprouting condition and to establish the optimum production methods of plug seedlings in yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poepp. & Endl.). The sprouting ratio was greatest at $30\pm 1^{\circ}C$ at 20 days after planting. Crowns with single buds were more effective than those with two or more buds for sprouting, which might be due to the apical dominance. Planting the shoots separated from crown after sprouting in the single- and double-layer polyethylene-covered greenhouses reduced seedling period with 25% and 50%, respectively. Planting the shoots after sprouting was more effective than planting the crown buds. Double-layer polyethylene-covered green-house was good for plug seedling production than open field or single-layer polyethylene-covered greenhouse. The bed soils composed of clay loam : compost or sand : compost (1:l=v:v) were more effective to produce plug seedlings than only clay loam, sand or compost. Seedlings could be produced at 30 days after planting in our studies.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-140
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of compost mixed with microorganism compost fermented for the production of high quality plug seedlings of tomato and red pepper. The results are summarized as follows. As a result of compost analysis, EC value was increased with increment of microorganism compost supplemented but lowered gradually in the late period of seedlings growth, pH value of microorganism compost fermented was 9.3 which is strong alkalinity. In the plot of 30 percent of microorganism compost fermented early growth of tomato seedlings was better in terms of plant height, leaf area and total dry weight. However, early growth of red pepper seedlings was shown in the plot of supplemented with 20 percent of microorganism compost fermented. The higher the mixing rate over 60 percent of micrroganism compost fermented to the soil used retarded the seedlings growth regardless of tomato and red pepper.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 1996

Experiment was performed in a newly developed wind tunnel with light system to determine the aerodynamic resistance and eddy diffusivity above the plug stand under artificial light. Maximum air temperature appeared near the top of the plug stand under artificial light. Since Richardson number was ranged from -0.07 to +0.01, the atmosphere above the plug stand in wind tunnel was in an unstable or near- neutral stability state. The average aerodynamic resistance at rear region of plug stand was 25 % higher than that at middle region. Eddy diffusivity($K_{M}$) linearly increased with the increasing air current speed. $K_{M}$ at air current speed of 0.9 m.$s^{-1}$ was about two times as many as that at air current speed of 0.3 m.$s^{-1}$. And average $K_{M}$ at the rear region was 15% lower than that at the middle region. These results indicated that the diffusion of heat and mass along the direction of air current inside the plug stand was different. It might cause the lack of uniformity in the growth and quality of plug seedlings. The wind tunnel developed in this study would be useful to investigate the effects of air current speed on microclimates and the growth of plug seedlings under artificial light in a semi- closed ecosystem.