• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 느타리, 새송이 및 팽이버섯 폐배지를 버섯 종류별, 배지에 이용된 주원료별로 나누어 반추가축 사료로서의 영양적 가치를 구명하기 위해서 화학성분, in vitro 소실율 실험 및 in situ darcon bag 실험을 수행하였다. 버섯 폐배지는 고섬유소(NDF 64～78%), 저단백질(CP 7～11%) 조사료원에 속하였다. 주원료별 폐배지는 섬유소 성분이 가장 높은 톱밥 주원료 폐배지와 비교해서 폐면 주원료 폐배지는 NDF 함량이 낮고(P<0.05), NFC와 ash 함량이 높았다(P<0.05). 버섯 폐배지의 화학적 성분은 전반적으로 버섯 종류보다는 주원료 종류에 의해 주로 영향을 받았다. In vitro DM, NDF 소실율은 분석된 배양시간(24, 48, 72시간) 모두에서 옥공이, 폐면, 톱밥 주원료 폐배지 순으로 높게 나타났다. In situ DM, NDF, ADF 소실율은 배양 24시간에서 옥공이, 폐면, 톱밥 주원료 폐배지 순으로 높았다(P<0.05). 톱밥 주원료 폐배지와 비교해서 폐면 주원료 폐배지는 가소화성 분획(NDF, ADF)이 뚜렷이 높고(P<0.05) 비소화성 분획은 현저히 낮았으며(P<0.05), 그 결과 배양 72시간에서의 in situ DM, NDF 소실율(disappearance)과 예상 반추위 분해율(degradability)도 현저히 높았다(P<0.05). 결과적으로 폐면 주원료 폐배지는 톱밥 주원료 폐배지 보다 반추가축 조사료원으로서의 사료영양적 가치가 높아 우선적 이용이 권장된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2011

식용버섯으로서 버들송이버섯의 우수성을 검증하고 재배면적과 소비의 확대보급을 위하여 일반성분, 무기성분, 총 폴리페놀 함량 그리고 전자공여능 등 몇가지 생리활성을 측정하였다. 일반성분은 조단백질이 38.3%로 높게 나타났으며, 무기성분은 K, P, Mg, Mn 및 Na 순으로 높게 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 열수추출물은 $65.2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, 에탄올 추출물은 $46.0{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 이었으며, 플라보노이드 함량은 열수추출물에서 $12.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, 에탄올 추출물에서 $7.1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 이었다. DPPH radical 제거 활성은 열수추출물에서 58.2%, 에탄올 추출물에서 79.2%의 free radical 제거활성을 보여 열수 추출물보다는 에탄올 추출물에서 항산화활성이 높았다. 버들송이버섯 추출물의 총 폴리페놀함량, 플라보노이드 함량 그리고 DPPH radical 제거 활성은 큰느타리버섯 또는 느타리버섯보다 함량이 많고 항산화활성이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. Tyrosinase 저해활성은 열수 추출물은 63.2%, 에탄올 추출물에서는 65.0%의 저해활성을 나타내어 추출용매에 따른 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. ACE 저해활성은 열수 추출물은 78.7%, 에탄올 추출물은 75.0%의 저해활성을 나타내어 열수 추출물에서 다소 높은 경향이었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 버들송이 버섯은 큰느타리버섯이나 느타리버섯 보다 폴리페놀 물질과 같은 항산화성분이 많고, 생리활성이 우수하여 식용버섯으로의 가치가 충분한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2009

The occurrences of the major diseases and the densities of air-born microbes were surveyed in the cultivation facilities for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), and enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) in different areas of Korea. Green mold disease was most often developed in oyster mushroom bed cultivation with the disease incidence rate of approximate 10% while the disease incidences from bottle and plastic envelop cultivation were less than 1~2%. In the bed cultivation, the major air-born microbes in the growth room were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Curvularia with the total fungal population density of 567~1,297 CFU/$m^3$ . However, only Trichoderma and Penicillium were detected in the growth rooms and innoculation rooms of bottle and plastic envelop cultivation with the densities of 350~700 CFU/$m^3$ and 160~260 CFU/$m^3$, respectively. The bacterial diseases become evident in the growth rooms of bottle and plastic envelop cultivation with the approximate incidence rate of 10%. The identified bacterial species were Brevibacillus levelkil, Rhizobium radiobacter, Brevundimonas vesicularis, Pseudomonas mosselii, Microbacterium testaceum. Sphingomonas panmi, Sphingomonas yabuuchiae, Paracocus dinitrificans, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens and some unidentified bacteria with the densities of 40~6,359 CFU/$m^3$ in the growth rooms and 9 CFU/$m^3$ in the inoculation room. This study indicated that the green mold disease by fungal strains was the major mushroom disease in the bed cultivation and suggested that the contamination of bacteria and fungi together in the growth media could result in severe production loss. The plastic envelope and bottle cultivation were evidenced to be less susceptible to such contaminations.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2018

경기도내 유통되는 식용 버섯류의 방사능 안전성을 확보하기 위해, 버섯 종류별, 원산지별 샘플을 수거하여 방사능 오염도를 분석하였다. 버섯류 10종(표고버섯, 느타리버섯, 새송이버섯, 양송이버섯, 팽이버섯, 상황버섯, 차가 버섯, 목이버섯, 영지버섯, 송이버섯) 총 284건을 수거하여 방사능 검사를 수행하였다. 인공방사성물질인 131I, 134Cs 와 137Cs의 방사능 농도는 감마선 측정 장비로 분석하였다. 모든 버섯 샘플에서 131I과 134Cs은 MDA 값 이상에서 검출되지 않았다. 그러나 국내산 204건 중 총 6건(표고버섯 3건, 영지버섯 1건, 송이버섯 2건)에서 137Cs이 0.21~2.58 Bq/kg 검출되었고, 수입산 80건 중 총 38건(차가버섯 22건, 상황버섯 14건, 표고버섯 1건, 송이버섯 1건)에서 137Cs이 0.21~53.79 Bq//kg 검출되었다. 그리고 차가버섯을 이용한 가공품 10건에서는 건조 차가버섯에 비해 평균 2배 이상의 137Cs가 검출되었고, 최고 123.79 Bq/kg이 확인되었다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 식품안전 확보를 위해 일부 수입 버섯류와 가공품에 대한 방사능검사 강화와 함께 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다 하겠다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented king oyster mushroom by-products diet (FMBD) on the growth performance, blood characteristics, and carcass traits of fattening pigs and its economics. The fermented diet mainly contained 40.0% king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) by-products, 20.0% corn, 28.0% soybean meal, 0.1% supplemental probiotics and 0.08% cellulase. The mixed ingredients were fermented for 1 d at $37^{\circ}C$ followed by 9 d at room temperature, after which they were dried at $45^{\circ}C$ for 3 d. Pigs (n=96) were divided into eight heads per pen, four diet treatments and three replications. The basal diet (C) was substituted with 20% (T1), 50% (T2) and 80% (T3) FMBD. The concentration of crude protein (CP) was significantly higher (p<0.05) at the end of the fermentation period. The average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency were significantly lower (p<0.05) in T3 than C. Additionally, carcass grade was significantly better (p<0.05) in all treatments than C and the ratio of high carcass grade was higher. Although substitution of FMBD decreased growth performance, it improved carcass grade and decreased the feed cost of fattening pigs. Therefore, it was expected that the increase in the utilization ratio of FMBD will reduce the cost of animal production.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 프로테오믹스 기술을 활용하여 칼슘함량이 증가된 새송이버섯과 일반 새송이 버섯에서 단백질 발현의 변화를 조사하였다. 또한 현저한 차이를 보이는 단백질들을 분리, 동정함으로써 새송이버섯 칼슘강화의 기작규명에 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 새송이버섯의 단백질 패턴을 확인한 결과 15 Kda에서 100 Kda 사이에 존재하는 60% 정도의 spot은 산성 pI를 가지며 나머지 40% 정도의 spot은 염기성 영역에 나타났다. 100 Kda 이상에서는 polypeptide spot이 거의 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 9.0 이상의 pI에서도 spot은 거의 나타나지 않았다. 두 배 이상의 발현변화를 보이는 30여개의 spot들 중 10개의 spot에 대한 단백질동정을 할 수 있었다. 10개의 확인된 단백질은 8개의 단백질은 발현이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며 2개의 단백질은 발현이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 동정된 단백질들의 기능을 고찰한 결과 새송이버섯의 칼슘강화기작을 규명하는데 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) derived from Pleurotus eryngii on the hematological and biochemical blood properties of elk. A total of 18, two and three-year-old elk were fed three different levels of SMS (0, 15 and 20%) in a corn-wheat bran diet for 80 days. The results indicated significantly high levels of blood monocytes, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT) in elk fed 15% or 20% SMS (p<0.05) compared to control animals. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose concentrations were also significantly elevated in elk fed both 15% and 20% SMS. The inclusion of SMS in the elk diet did not affect serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, or low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations; however, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased in SMS-fed groups. In addition, 20% SMS in the diet increased serum iron and testosterone concentrations in elk. These results indicate that adding SMS to the diet of elk can increase their Hgb, serum BUN, glucose, and HDL-cholesterol concentration; therefore, diets containing SMS may enhance the physiologic condition of elk during growth.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.828-831
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• 2005

The content of vitamin $D_2$, including its precursor ergosterol, was determined in some cultivated mushrooms to manufacture fortified Doenjang (Korean traditional soybean paste) with vitamin D by supplementation with mushroom. Ergosterol was the most abundant sterol in the mushrooms (50 to 140 mg/100 g dry weight) but the ergocalciferol portion made up only 0.065% (Pleurotus eryngii) to 2.5% (stipe part of Lentinus edodes, shiitake) of the total vitamin $D_2$ of each mushroom. Changes in these compounds in L. edodes caused by UV or solar irradiation were also evaluated. Ergocalciferol content in the pileus part of L. edodes went up to $424\;{\mu}g/100\;g$ dry weight and ergosterol levels reached 139.3 mg per 100 g dry weight at maximum levels. Ergocalciferol content increased about 50% when exposed to solar radiation and increased 377% with UV irradiation. These compounds level in Doenjang was enriched as much as supplied UV irradiated L. edodes powder to before fermentation, and the supplemented mushroom did not influence the palatability of Doenjang.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.785-792
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• 2019

This study examined the changes in the protein and mineral composition of Gryllus bimaculatus fermented with Bacillus substilis and the mycelia of Basidiomycetes. Normal Gryllus bimaculatus (S) and experimental group data obtained after an inoculation of Bacillus substilis (SC) (KACC 19623), Pleurotus eryngii (SP) and Cordyceps millitaris (SC) were compared. The crude protein content of the Gryllus bimaculatus (control) was 75.48%, but it decreased to 64.55, 54.32, and 63.53% after fermentation with SB, SP and SC, respectively (p<0.05). An analysis of the organic elements showed that the contents of the carbon and nitrogen sources were also reduced after fermentation, and the most significant decrease was observed after fermentation with SP. In SDS-PAGE, a 120 kDa and a 48 kDa protein of Gryllus bimaculatus were found. On the other hand, protein bands faded after fermentation with SP and SC, respectively. Moreover, no visible band was observed after fermentation with SB. According to amino acid analysis, the total free amino acid content increased 3.84 and 1.74 times after fermentation with SB and SP, respectively, compared to the corresponding baseline data. In contrast, it decreased by 0.52 times after fermentation with SC. Among the essential amino acids found in crickets fermented with SB, the valine and isoleucine content was 3.57 and 2.64 times higher, respectively, than the recommended daily amount of essential amino acids.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.19-19
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• 2014

Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, and Flammulina velutipes are major edible mushrooms that account for over 89% of total mushroom production in Korea. Recently, Agrocybe cylindracea, Hypsizygus marmoreus, and Hericium erinaceu are increasingly being cultivated in mushroom farms. In Korea, the production of edible mushrooms was estimated to be 614,224 ton in 2013. Generally, about 5 kg of mushroom substrate is needed to produce 1 kg of mushroom, and consequently about 25 million tons of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is produced each year in Korea. Because this massive amount of SMC is unsuitable for reuse in mushroom production, it is either used as garden fertilizer or deposited in landfills, which pollutes the environment. It is reasonably assumed that SMS includes different secondary metabolites and extracellular enzymes produced from mycelia on substrate. Three major groups of enzymes such as cellulases, xylanases, and lignin degrading enzymes are involved in breaking down mushroom substrates. Cellulase and xylanase have been used as the industrial enzymes involving the saccharification of biomass to produce biofuel. In addition, lignin degrading enzymes such as laccases have been used to decolorize the industrial synthetic dyes and remove environmental pollutions such as phenolic compounds. Basidiomycetes produce a large number of biologically active compounds that show antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic or hallucinogenic activities. However, most previous researches have focused on therapeutics and less on the control of plant diseases. SMS can be considered as an easily available source of active compounds to protect plants from fungal and bacterial infections, helping alleviate the waste disposal problem in the mushroom industry and creating an environmentally friendly method to reduce plant pathogens. We describe extraction of lignocellulytic enzymes and antimicrobial substance from SMSs of different edible mushrooms and their potential applications.